Kronprinzessin Cecelie, (Mount Ver-
non), S.S., 182, 232, 278
Lafayette, Marquis de, 46
Lafayette, ship, 158
Lafitte, Jean, 141
Lahaina, S.S., 301
"Laid-up fleet," 314, 325, 333, 343
Latin America, 139-41, 156, 161-2, 195,
198, 271, 275, 277-80, 292, 303-4,
307-8, 312, 314, 327, 340, 345; see
also Caribbean, South Atlantic, and
individual countries
Latona, H.M.S., 91
Laurens, Henry, 50-1, 57
Leander, H.M.S., 91-2; ship, 92-3
Lease-lend program, 213-15, 222, 229-
30, 292, 340, 344
Lee, Arthur, 44
Lee, William R., 41
Leelanaw, S.S., 238
Lehigh, S.S., 294, 330
Leipzig, 276-7
Leopard, H.M.S., 96-7
Letter of marque, see Armed merchant-
Levant, H.M.S., 32
Leviathan (Vaterland), S.S., 183, 326
"Liberty Ship," 180, 313, 334-8, 343
Libya, 292, 324
Licenses, British, 106, 117, 123-4
Liners and lines, 180, 183-4, 198,
245-6, 253, 255-6, 281, 310-11,
314-17, 332
Lisbon, 108-9, 113-14, 116-17, 120,
122, 138, 195, 257
Liverpool, 66, 114, 140, 142, 238, 319,
324
Liverpool Packet, privateer, 119, 250
Lloyd's, 31, 63, 132, 233, 246; see also
Insurance
London, 30, 44, 51, 66, 78, 319, 324;
entrepôt functions, 280-7
Lorient, 41
Low, Abiel A., 160-1
Luckner, Count Felix von, 238, 284
Lusitania, S.S., 183, 233, 237, 239
MacGregor, "Sir" Gregor, 141
Macon's Act, 95, 103
Madagascar, 302
Madeira, 78, 90, 113, 136
Madras, 278, 302
Mahan, Adm. Alfred T., 86, 118
Maine, 39, 58, 61, 279; see also Port-
Malaga, 82, 131, 134, 136, 137
Malta, 261, 272
Manila, 159, 160, 195, 298, 327
Marblehead, Mass., 41, 86, 106
Maria, sch., 129, 133, 138
Marine insurance, see Insurance
Maritime Commission, 180, 264, 291,
314, 325, 333-8, 340, 341, 343
Maritime Provinces, 24, 100-1, 119,
314; see also Halifax
Martinique, 50-3, 74
Mary, sch., (1) 82-3; (II) 144-5
Mary Ann, sch., 138
Masts, 32, 35, 42, 61, 203
Matamoras, 162-3
Mauretania, S.S., 183, 233
Meat, 91, 215, 226, 228-30, 277, 279,
341
Mediterranean, early trade with, 19,
114, 131, 133, 136-8, 146; war-risk
rates to, 71; piracy in, 126-39; in
World Wars, 196, 235, 240-1, 243,
246, 257, 259, 261, 268, 275, 324
Melbourne, 160, 167, 271
Merchant marine (American), statistics,
71, 309-10, 314-15; general situation,
17, 85, 94, 149, 153-5, 177, 184-5,
208, 291, 307-46; principal groups,
314-15; future prospects of, 342-6;
of
and passim; (world), comparison
national fleets, 307-13; statistics, 309-
10; see also Shipping
Mercury, U.S.S., 50-1
Mexican War, 16, 17
Mexico, 162-3, 304, 316
Milford, H.M.S., 61
Mines, 188-9, 234, 238, 257-8, 275,
289, 291
Minnesota, U.S.S., 251; S.S., 317
Miranda, Francisco, 93
Moewe, raider, 279
Montebello, tanker, 301
Montevideo, 290, 304
Morgan, J. P., 211, 217
Morocco, 126-8, 136-7
Morris, Robert, 53
Mount Vernon (Kronprinzessin Cece-
lie), S.S., 182
Munitions, 16-17, 43-4, 52, 54, 56, 110,
203-8, 211-15, 235, 239, 249, 289,
292-6, 319, 331, 338
Murmansk, 203, 253, 255, 288, 299,
305
Nancy Hanks, sch., 327
Nantes, 44, 46
Napier, Lt. Henry E., 122
Napoleon, 67, 83, 85-6, 96, 102, 104,
108, 117
Nashville, C.S.S., 152, 158
Naval stores, 33, 52, 58, 125; see also
Navicerts, 197-8, 210
Navy (British), 15, 25, 34-8, 40-2, 60,
67, 86, 112, 116, 186, 252, 254, 256,
259-60, 263, and passim; (French),
36-7, 68, 72, 260; (German), 86,
254, 259, 275, and passim; (United
States), 22, 39, 49-51, 53, 57-8, 62,
75, 81-3, 122, 135-9, 145-7, 177,
186, 235, 242-3, 248-9, 251, 263-5,
300, 303, and passim; establishing
of, 81, 132
Nebraskan, S.S., 238
Ned, sch., 119
Netherlands, 48, 50-1, 57, 93, 197, 210,
235, 259, 310-12, 314, 322-3, 326
Nutrality, 16, 29, 68-9, 102-3, 148,
208-9, 256-7, 260, 262-5, and passim
Neutrality Acts, 103, 212-13, 256, 264,
291, 292, 294, 296, 304, 308, 321-2
New Bedford, Mass., 88, 167, 168, 170
New London, Conn., 60, 62, 74, 119,
New Orleans, 110, 141-5, 336; battle
New York, 27-8, 140, 146, 203, 274,
289; vessels from, 20, 35, 56, 63,
72, 75, 77, 79, 88-90, 92-3, 104-5,
107-8, 131, 138, 195, 232, 238-9,
255, 293, 314; underwriters at, 31,
233, 244-5, 247-8; commerce of, 36,
62, 69, 88-9, 109, 121, 125, 142,
165-6, 183, 266, 271, 279; wartime
activities around, 38-9, 60, 62, 91-2,
96, 113-14, 118-121, 125, 164-6,
186, 219, 233, 248, 253, 268, 278;
relative importance of, 60, 150, 319;
embargo at, 94-5, 98-9; port con-
gestion, 319-20, 324, 331, 341
New Zealand, 195, 225-6, 275, 277
Newburyport, Mass., 61, 113, 131
Newfoundland, 51, 202, 260
Newport, R. I., 60, 62, 122, 250
Nonintercourse, 103-4, 212
Norfolk, Va., 60, 62-3, 72, 79, 114,
266, 271, 279
Normandie, S.S., 183, 195, 253
Norness, tanker, 266
North Atlantic, 45-51, 157-8, 183, 195,
232-73; importance of route, 27
North Sea, 196, 209, 234-6, 241; mine
barrage, 251
Norway, 197, 202, 236, 241, 255,
257-9, 261, 266, 273, 322-3
Nova Scotia, 39, 42, 59; see also Hali-
fax, Maritime Provinces
Nymphe, H.M.S., 122-5
O'Brien, Capt. Richard, 133-4
Ocean Rover, ship, 153
Oil, 177, 180, 182, 230, 236, 249, 266,
269, 331, 343; introduction of petro-
leum, 167; steamship fuel, 204; ef-
fects of shortage, 267; exports to
Japan, 296-7, 299; see also Tankers
Olustee, C.S.S., 152, 165-6
Olympic, S.S., 233
Oneida, ship, 161, 169
Orders in Council, 97-8, 103, 109
Overland transportation, 58, 110, 125,
163, 271
Pacific Mail S.S. Co., 315, 317
Pacific Ocean, 167-8, 195, 270, 275,
277, 280, 289, 296-304, 307-8; war-
risk rates on, 169, 244-5, 247
Page, Walter H., 235-6
Pan American Airways, 195, 257-8,
294
Pan-Massachusetts, tanker, 267
Panama, 163, 269, 304; merchant ma-
rine, 200, 264, 266, 294, 321-3
Panama Canal, 244-5, 247, 274-6, 280,
281, 345
Pass of Balhamas, ship, 238; see also
Seeadler
Passamaquoddy Bay ("Quoddy"), 59,
100-1, III, 117, 123, 125, 163
Passengers, civilian officials, 48-51; 183,
185, 195, 239-40, 257, 269, 302, 342
Patrick Henry, S.S., 338
Pearl Harbor, 265, 295, 298, 301, 338;
attack on, 300
Penang, 78, 278
Persian Gulf, 204, 272, 275, 294-6,
299, 302, 324, 341
Perth Amboy, tug, 250
Philadelphia, 66, 70, 72, 76, 108,
120-1, 125, 129, 131, 144, 219, 260;
in American Revolution, 36, 38, 44,
50, 53-4, 56, 58-60, 62-4; early im-
portance of, 62
Philadelphia, U.S.S., 136, 137
Phoenix, H.M.S., 38
Pickering, Timothy, 78
Pierce, John, "murder" of, 92
Pierre S. DuPont, S.S., 325
Pipe lines, 271, 345; see also Oil
Piracy, 23-4, 34; Barbary, 75, 126-39;
Caribbean, 139-46; Greek, 146; Ma-
lay, 147
Plymouth, Eng., 77, 89, 324
Plymouth, Mass., 115, 127
"Pocket battleships," 254-5, 289-90
Porter, Com. David, 145
Portland, Me., 27, 107-8, 113, 117-19,
143, 171, 263, 266; burned by Brit-
ish, 42, 60; raided by Confederates,
165
Portland, Ore., 335
Port Suez, 292, 295-6
Ports, in American Revolution, 59-63;
bombing of, 200, 324; congestion
problems, 309, 317-20, 324, 331-2,
341
Portsmouth, N. H., 38, 42, 46, 61,
114, 119, 131, 134
Portugal, 48, 103-4, 116-17, 120, 123,
129, 131-2; see also Lisbon
Potomac, U.S.S., 147
Prefabrication, 329-30, 335
President, U.S.S., 112, 202
President Harrison, S.S., 300
Prince of Wales, H.M.S., 262
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, raider, 248, 278-9
Privateers and privateering, practices
and status of, 22-3, 29; French, 34,
75, 78-83, 106; loyalist and Mari-
times, 38-9, 42, 55-6, 61-2, 119,
123; American, 40-1, 56, 61, 115,
125, 133; British West Indian, 73-4;
Danish, 106-7; Latin-American, 139-
41; Confederate, 151-2, 162; see also
Armed merchantmen
Prize Courts, 41, 73-4, 77, 89, 113,
115, 117, 121, 148, 235; procedure,
29-30; see also Halifax
Profits, 46, 54, 64, 69, 82, 84, 94, 100,
102, 105, 108-9, 149-50, 154, 212,
217-18, 326-8
Providence, R. I., 62, 122, 125
Provincetown, Mass., 124
Puerto Rico, 67, 120, 141, 313, 316
Quallah Battoo, 147
Queen Elizabeth, S.S., 183, 190
Queen Mary, S.S., 27, 183, 195
Queenstown, 243, 279
Quinine, 298
Quistconk, S.S., 330
"Quoddy," see Passamaquoddy Bay
Q-ships, 242
Railroads, and port movements, 318-19,
324, 331, 341-2
Rainbow, H.M.S., 38
Rangoon, 296, 298, 301-2
Ransom, of vessels, 29, 124, 152-3;
of captives, 130, 133, 137-8
Rawalpindi, H.M.S., 255-6
Red Sea, 257, 272, 292-6, 302, 324
Reed, Lt. Charles W., 164-5
Re-exports, 71, 76-7, 89, 93, 280-9
Refrigerator ships, 226, 279, 341
Repairs, 309, 312, 324
Reprisal, U.S.S., 50, 53
Requisitioning, of shipping, 308, 325,
327
Retribution, last privateer, 151-2
Reuben James, U.S.S., 264
Rex, S.S., 183
Rio de Janeiro, 162, 244-5, 247, 272-3,
279, 280; see also Brazil
Robert, ship, 140
Roberts, Marshall O., 149
Robin Moor, S.S., 80, 156, 181, 330;
sinking of, 293
Rodgers, Com. John, 112
Rodney, Adm. George B., 57
Roebuck, H.M.S., 38
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 80, 100, 148,
212, 222, 256, 262, 263, 292, 293,
335
Royal William, H.M.S., 18
R. P. Resor, tanker, 267
Rubber, 33, 177, 203-4, 210, 267, 279,
281, 285-6, 291, 297-300, 345
Russia, 70, 97, 173; early contacts
with, 104-8; difficulty of access to,
105, 107, 287, 305-6; supplies to,
216, 222, 228, 268, 270, 274, 294-6,
299, 305-6, 342; shipping, 308, 311,
325
St. Croix (Santa Cruz), 52, 56, 57
St. Domingue, see Haiti
St. Eustatius, 48, 53-7, 60
St. John, N. B., 117-18, 170
St. Nazaire, 249, 331, 341
St. Thomas, 57
St. Vincent, Adm. Lord, 87
Salem, Mass., 59, 60-2, 82, 89, 99,
106, 108, 119, 124, 138, 147
Salt, 48, 52, 56, 90, 120
San Diego, U.S.S., 250
San Francisco, 195, 271, 275-6, 302,
326
Sandwich, Lord, 36-7, 42
Sandy Hook, 87, 91-2, 113, 119, 120,
125, 158, 166, 233, 248, 278
Saratoga, U.S.S., 50-1
Savannah, 27, 60, 63, 117, 141, 314
Savannah, privateer, 151
Scandinavia, 210, 234, 235, 258, 311,
313-14; see also individual countries
Scapa Flow, 192, 196-7, 259
Scharnhorst, 259
Schooners, 18, 20, 41, 121, 156, 184,
327
Scrap iron, 296-7, 299
Sea Gull, U.S.S., 145
Sea lanes, principal, 26-8, 156-7, 179,
274-5, 280; emergency, 294, 304,
306
Seattle, 275, 279, 306
Seeadler, raider, 238, 279, 289
Seine, ship, 45, 53
Seizure, methods of, 28-30, 152-3; see
also Sinkings
Semmes, Capt. Raphael, 152, 158, 160,
163, 170, 276, 291
Sessa, S.S., 264
Shanghai, 161, 169
Sheffield, Lord, 128
Shenandoah, C.S.S., 82, 152-3, 162,
167-8, 172
Shipbuilding, 18, 76, 154, 178, 184-5,
308, 314-15, 325; neutral boom, 76,
94; in Civil War, 150, 171; World
War emergency programs, 327-33,
334-8; new processes, 329-30, 334-5;
replacement program, 333-4, 338,
344
Shipping, various types, 17-21, 177-83;
earnings, 17, 154, 179, 326-7; size,
19-20, 67, 180-3, 334; cost or value,
19, 80, 156, 167, 180, 333, 337;
neutral, position of, 29-30, 76-7, 311-
12; shift to steam and steel, 155,
177-80; world merchant fleets, 309-
12; shortage and economy of space,
320, 330-1, 339-42; international
control, 320, 331, 342; competition
with airplane, 342-3; and passim
Shipping Board, 181, 320, 329, 333
Ships, full-rigged, 18-19, 41, 156, 171;
see also Clippers
Silks, 205, 299, 345
Singapore, 160, 170, 274, 282, 290-1,
299-302, 345
Sinkings, methods, 152-3, 268-9; sta-
tistics, 244-5, 247; and passim
Slaves and slavery, Negro, 90-1, 144;
Barbary, 127, 129-33, 138
Sloops, 18, 20, 41; naval, 22
Smyrna, 134, 246
Sonora, ship, 160
South Africa, 158, 281-3, 285, 293,
314, 340; see also Africa
South America, see Latin America
South Atlantic, 28, 161, 262, 268, 272,
277-8, 292-4, 303-4, 306, 340
Spain, 45, 47-8, 50, 74, 93, 103-4, 108,
114, 120, 129, 132, 141-6, 153, 198,
210, 257, 294
Spanish American War, 16, 186, 201
Specie, 58, 63, 113, 115, 142-4, 146,
Spee, Adm. Count von, 277-9, 290
Speed, 19-20, 27, 55, 179, 183, 195,
199, 333, 334
Standard Oil Co., 182, 294, 314-15,
Persian Gulf, 204, 272, 275, 294-6,
299, 302, 324, 341
Perth Amboy, tug, 250
Philadelphia, 66, 70, 72, 76, 108,
120-1, 125, 129, 131, 144, 219, 260;
in American Revolution, 36, 38, 44,
50, 53-4, 56, 58-60, 62-4; early im-
portance of, 62
Philadelphia, U.S.S., 136, 137
Phoenix, H.M.S., 38
Pickering, Timothy, 78
Pierce, John, "murder" of, 92
Pierre S. DuPont, S.S., 325
Pipe lines, 271, 345; see also Oil
Piracy, 23-4, 34; Barbary, 75, 126-39;
Caribbean, 139-46; Greek, 146; Ma-
lay, 147
Plymouth, Eng., 77, 89, 324
Plymouth, Mass., 115, 127
"Pocket battleships," 254-5, 289-90
Porter, Com. David, 145
Portland, Me., 27, 107-8, 113, 117-19,
143, 171, 263, 266; burned by Brit-
ish, 42, 60; raided by Confederates,
165
Portland, Ore., 335
Port Suez, 292, 295-6
Ports, in American Revolution, 59-63;
bombing of, 200, 324; congestion
problems, 309, 317-20, 324, 331-2,
341
Portsmouth, N. H., 38, 42, 46, 61,
114, 119, 131, 134
Portugal, 48, 103-4, 116-17, 120, 123,
129, 131-2; see also Lisbon
Potomac, U.S.S., 147
Prefabrication, 329-30, 335
President, U.S.S., 112, 202
President Harrison, S.S., 300
Prince of Wales, H.M.S., 262
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, raider, 248, 278-9
Privateers and privateering, practices
and status of, 22-3, 29; French, 34,
75, 78-83, 106; loyalist and Mari-
times, 38-9, 42, 55-6, 61-2, 119,
123; American, 40-1, 56, 61, 115,
125, 133; British West Indian, 73-4;
Danish, 106-7; Latin-American, 139-
41; Confederate, 151-2, 162; see also
Armed merchantmen
Prize Courts, 41, 73-4, 77, 89, 113,
115, 117, 121, 148, 235; procedure,
29-30; see also Halifax
Profits, 46, 54, 64, 69, 82, 84, 94, 100,
102, 105, 108-9, 149-50, 154, 212,
217-18, 326-8
Providence, R. I., 62, 122, 125
Provincetown, Mass., 124
Puerto Rico, 67, 120, 141, 313, 316
Quallah Battoo, 147
Queen Elizabeth, S.S., 183, 190
Queen Mary, S.S., 27, 183, 195
Queenstown, 243, 279
Quinine, 298
Quistconk, S.S., 330
"Quoddy," see Passamaquoddy Bay
Q-ships, 242
Railroads, and port movements, 318-19,
324, 331, 341-2
Rainbow, H.M.S., 38
Rangoon, 296, 298, 301-2
Ransom, of vessels, 29, 124, 152-3;
of captives, 130, 133, 137-8
Rawalpindi, H.M.S., 255-6
Red Sea, 257, 272, 292-6, 302, 324
Reed, Lt. Charles W., 164-5
Re-exports, 71, 76-7, 89, 93, 280-9
Refrigerator ships, 226, 279, 341
Repairs, 309, 312, 324
Reprisal, U.S.S., 50, 53
Requisitioning, of shipping, 308, 325,
327
Retribution, last privateer, 151-2
Reuben James, U.S.S., 264
Rex, S.S., 183
Rio de Janeiro, 162, 244-5, 247, 272-3,
279, 280; see also Brazil
Robert, ship, 140
Roberts, Marshall O., 149
Robin Moor, S.S., 80, 156, 181, 330;
sinking of, 293
Rodgers, Com. John, 112
Rodney, Adm. George B., 57
Roebuck, H.M.S., 38
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 80, 100, 148,
212, 222, 256, 262, 263, 292, 293,
335
Royal William, H.M.S., 18
R. P. Resor, tanker, 267
Rubber, 33, 177, 203-4, 210, 267, 279,
281, 285-6, 291, 297-300, 345
Russia, 70, 97, 173; early contacts
with, 104-8; difficulty of access to,
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