these institutions, the Federal government, international research centers, and counterpart research, extension, and teaching agencies 19 and institutions in both the development and less-developed countries to serve the purposes of agriculture and the economy of the United States and to make a substantial contribution to the cause of improved food and agricultural progress throughout the world.

(c) 20 PROVISION OF SPECIALIZED OR TECHNICAL SERVICES.-The Secretary may provide specialized or technical services, on an advance of funds or a reimbursable basis, to United states colleges and universities and other governmental organizations 21 carrying out international food, agricultural, and related research, extension, and teaching development projects and activities. All funds received in payment for furnishing such specialized or technical services shall be deposited to the credit of the appropriation from which the cost of providing such services has been paid or is to be charged.

(d) 22 REPORTS.-The Secretary shall provide biennial reports to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on efforts of the Federal Government

(1) to coordinate international agricultural research within the Federal Government; and

(2) to more effectively link the activities of domestic and international agricultural researchers, particularly researchers of the Agricultural Research Service.

(e) 23 FULL PAYMENT OF FUNDS MADE AVAILABLE FOR CERTAIN BINATIONAL PROJECTS.-Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the full amount of any funds appropriated or otherwise made available to carry out cooperative projects under the arrangement entered into between the Secretary and the Government of Israel to support the Israel-United States Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund shall be paid directly to the Fund. SEC. 1458A.24 *** [Repealed-1996]

SEC. 1459.25 UNITED STATES-MEXICO JOINT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH.

(a) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.-The Secretary may provide for an agricultural research and development program with the United States/Mexico Foundation for Science. The program shall focus on binational problems facing agricultural producers and consumers in the 2 countries, in particular pressing problems in the areas of food safety, plant and animal pest control, and the natural resources base on which agriculture depends.

19 Sec. 227(a)(3) of Public Law 105-185 (112 Stat. 544) struck out "counterpart agencies" and inserted in lieu thereof "counterpart research, extension, and teaching agencies".

20 Added by sec. 1436 of Public Law 97-98 (95 Stat. 1313). the subsec. catchline was added by sec. 1613(d)(1)(C) of Public Law 101-624 (104 Stat. 3724).

21 Sec. 1613(b) of Public Law 101-624 (104 Stat. 3724) added "and other governmental organizations" after "universities".

22 Sec. 227(c) of Public Law 105-185 (112 Stat. 544) added subsec. (d).

23 Sec. 227(d) of Public Law 105-185 (112 Stat. 544) added subsec. (e).

24 Formerly at 7 U.S.C. 3292. Pertaining to grants to states for international trade development centers; repealed by sec. 856 of Public Law 104-127 (110 Stat. 1172).

25 7 U.S.C. 3292a. Added by sec. 228 of Public Law 105-185 (112 Stat. 545).

(b) ADMINISTRATION.-Grants under the research and development program shall be awarded competitively through the Foundation.

(c) MATCHING REQUIREMENTS.-The provision of funds to the Foundation by the United States Government shall be subject to the condition that the Government of Mexico match, on at least a dollar-for-dollar basis, any funds provided by the United States Government.

(d) LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.-Funds provided under this section may not be used for the planning, repair, rehabilitation, acquisition, or construction of a building or facility.

SEC. 1459A.26 COMPETITIVE GRANTS FOR INTERNATIONAL AGRICUL TURAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS.

(a) COMPETITIVE GRANTS AUTHORIZED.-The Secretary may make competitive grants to colleges and universities in order to strengthen Ünited States economic competitiveness and to promote international market development.

(b) PURPOSE OF GRANTS.-Grants under this section shall be directed to agricultural research, extension, and teaching activities that will

(1) enhance the international content of the curricula in colleges and universities so as to ensure that United States students acquire an understanding of the international dimensions and trade implications of their studies;

(2) ensure that United States scientists, extension agents, and educators involved in agricultural research and development activities outside of the United States have the opportunity to convey the implications of their activities and findings to their peers and students in the United States and to the users of agricultural research, extension, and teaching;

(3) enhance the capabilities of colleges and universities to do collaborative research with other countries, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, on issues relevant to United States agricultural competitiveness;

(4) enhance the capabilities of colleges and universities to provide cooperative extension education to promote the application of new technology developed in foreign countries to United States agriculture; and

(5) enhance the capability of United States colleges and universities, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, to provide leadership and educational programs that will assist United States natural resources and food production, processing, and distribution businesses and industries to compete internationally, including product market identification, international policies limiting or enhancing market production, development of new or enhancement of existing markets, and production efficiencies.

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.-There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1999 through 2007.27

267 USC 3292b. Added by sec. 229 of Public Law 105-185 (112 Stat. 545).

27 Sec. 7112 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-171; 116 Stat. 445) stru 002" and inserted in lieu thereof "2007”.

5. Agriculture and Food Act of 1981

Partial text of Public Law 97-98 [S. 884], 95 Stat. 1213 at 1274; as amended by Public Law 98-412 [Agricultural Trade and Export Policy Commission Act, H.J. Res. 600], 98 Stat. 1576, approved August 30, 1984; Public Law 99-198 [Food for Progress Act of 1985, H.R. 2100], 99 Stat. 1354, approved December 23, 1985; Public Law 101-624 [Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990; S. 2830], 104 Stat. 3359, approved November 28, 1990; Public Law 104-127 [Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996; H.R. 2854], 110 Stat. 888, approved April 4, 1996

AN ACT To provide price and income protection for farmers, assure consumers an abundance of food and fiber at reasonable prices, continue food assistance to lowincome households, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act, with the following table of contents, may be cited as the “Agriculture and Food Act of 1981”.

TITLE XII-AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS AND PUBLIC LAW 480 SUBTITLE A-GENERAL EXPORT PROVISIONS

AGRICULTURAL EXPORT CREDIT REVOLVING FUND

Sec. 1201.1* * *

CONGRESSIONAL CONSULTATION ON BILATERAL COMMODITY SUPPLY

AGREEMENTS

Sec. 1202.2 As soon as practicable before the Government of the United States enters into any bilateral international agreement, other than a treaty, involving a commitment on the part of the United States to assure access by a foreign country or instrumentality thereof to United States agricultural commodities or products thereof on a commercial basis, the President is encouraged to notify and consult with the appropriate committees of Congress for the purpose of setting forth in detail the terms of and reasons for negotiating such agreement.

SPECIAL STANDBY EXPORT SUBSIDY PROGRAM

Sec. 1203.3*** [Repealed-1990]

1 Sec. 1201 amended sec. 4 of the Food for Peace Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-808) by adding

a new subsec. (d) which established the Agricultural Export Credit Revolving Fund. 27 U.S.C. 1736h.

3 Secs. 1203, 1204, and 1205 (7 U.S.C. 1736i, 1736j, 1736k) were repealed by sec. 1573 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-624; 104 Stat. 3702).

AGRICULTURAL EMBARGO PROTECTION

Sec. 1204.3 *** [Repealed-1990]

DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS TO ALLEVIATE ADVERSE IMPACT OF EXPORT EMBARGOES ON AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES

Sec. 1205.3 *** [Repealed-1990]

CONSULTATION ON GRAIN MARKETING

Sec. 1206.4 Congress encourages the Secretary of Agriculture, in coordination with other appropriate Federal departments and agencies, to continue to consult with representatives of other major grain exporting nations toward the goal of establishing more orderly marketing of grain and achieving higher farm income for producers of grain.

Sec. 1207.5 *** [Repealed-1996]

Sec. 1208.6 * * * * [Repealed-1996]

EXEMPTION FOR PROTEIN BYPRODUCTS

Sec. 1209.7***

SUBTITLE B-PUBLIC LAW 4808

SELF-HELP MEASURES TO INCREASE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; VERIFICATION OF SELF-HELP PROVISIONS

Sec. 1217.9 This subtitle may be cited as the "Agricultural Trade and Export Policy Commission Act".

FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF POLICY

Sec. 1218.9 (a) Congress finds that—

(1) the economic well-being of the Nation's agricultural industry is directly related to its ability to compete in international markets; and

(2) a thorough examination of agriculture-related trade and export policies, programs, and practices of the United States is needed to ensure that such policies, programs, and practices

47 U.S.C. 1736.

5 Formerly at 7 U.S.C. 1736m. Sec. 1207, expressing sense of the Congress regarding the expansion of international markets for U.S. agricultural commodities and products, was repealed by sec. 266 of Public Law 104-127 (110 Stat. 974).

6 Formerly at 7 U.S.C. 1736n. Sec. 226 of Public Law 104-127 (110 Stat. 962) repealed sec. 1208, which had, in part, required the Secretary of Agriculture to report annually on efforts being made to make available protein byproducts derived from alcohol fuel production.

7 Sec. 1209 amended the Act entitled "An Act authorizing Commodity Credit Corporation to purchase flour and cornmeal and donating same for certain domestic and foreign purposes (7 U.S.C. 1431 note).

8 Subtitle B amended Public Law 480.

97 U.S.C. 1691 note. Public Law 98-412 (98 Stat. 1576) added subtitle C (secs. 1217-1223)

increase the competitiveness of United States agricultural commodities and products in international markets.

(b) It is hereby declared to be the policy of Congress to expand international trade in United States agricultural commodities and products and to develop, maintain, and expand markets for United States agricultural exports.

ESTABLISHMENT

Sec. 1219.9 (a) There is established a National Commission on Agricultural Trade and Export Policy to conduct a study of the agriculture-related trade and export policies, programs, and practices of the United States.

(b) In addition to the ex officio congressional members specified in subsection (c) of this section, the Commission shall be composed of twenty-three members appointed or designated by the President and selected as follows:

(1) The President shall select three members from among officers or employees of the Executive branch who shall serve in an ex officio capacity without voting rights; and

(2) The President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each select then members from among private citizens of the United States to represent industries that are directly affected by agriculture-related trade and export policies, programs, and practices of the United States, including, but not limited to, the following:

(A) producers of major agricultural commodities in the United States;

(B) processors or refiners of United States agricultural commodities;

(C) exporters, transporters, or shippers of United States agricultural commodities and products to foreign countries; (D) suppliers of production equipment or materials to United States farmers;

(E) providers of financing or credit for domestic and export agricultural purposes; and

(F) organizations representing general farm and rural interests in the United States.

(c) The chairmen and ranking minority members of the House Committee on Agriculture, the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs,10 the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, the House Committee on Ways and Means, and the Senate Committee on Finance shall serve as ex officio members of the Commission and shall have the same voting rights as the members of the Commission selected and appointed under the provisions of subsection (b)(2) of this section. The chairmen and ranking minority members may designate other members of their respective committees to serve in their stead as members of the Commission.

(d) A vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made.

10 Sec. 1(a)(5) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives.