(2) It is the responsibility of the consignor and/or consignee to supervise, respectively, all loading and unloading operations and to monitor all personnel involved so that the accepted limits of personnel radiation exposure are not exceeded.

(d) Shipments of radioactive materials made by the Atomic Energy Commission or under its direction or supervision, which are escorted by personnel who are specially designated by the Atomic Energy Commission, are exempted from the provisions of these regulations where special arrangements are made with and approved by the Administrator.

See pages 8 and 9 for discussion of a similar provision in the ICC Regulations, 73.7 (b). Note also that although ICC Regulations do not require special arrangement for such exemption, Civil Air Regulations do require such arrangements.

49.71. Special Authority:

In emergency situations or where other forms of transportation are impracticable:

(a) Deviations from any of the provisions of this part for a particular flight may be authorized by the Administrator where he finds that the conditions under which the articles are to be carried are such as to permit the safe carriage of persons and cargo.

(b) Deviations from the 2,000 millicurie quantity limitation prescribed for radioactive materials by Paragraph 49.18 may be taken by the Atomic Energy Commission for Atomic Energy Commission shipments, provided that such shipments are made in accordance with the requirements approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission for shipment by rail express and prior notification of each shipment is given by the Atomic Energy Commission in the form and manner prescribed by the Administrator.*

*Revised May 3, 1955.

Chapter IV

U. S. COAST GUARD REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

The following regulations of the U. S. Coast Guard governing the packaging, marking, and labeling of radioactive materials transported by water are excerpted from Title 46, Part 146, of the Code of Federal Regulations. It will be observed that they are in very close agreement with the corresponding ICC Regulations excerpted in Chapter II.

Part 146.-Regulations of the U. S. Coast Guard Covering the Transportation or Storage of Explosives or Other Dangerous Articles or Substances and Combustible Liquids on Board Vessels

146.02-8. U. S. Government Shipments:

(b) Shipments of radioactive materials, made by the Atomic Energy Commission, or under its direction or supervision, which are escorted by personnel specially designated by the Atomic Energy Commission, are exempt from the regulations in this part.

146.05-15. Marking and Labeling Applying to Domestic Shipments Only:

(g) Each package containing "Any Other Dangerous Article" as defined by the regulations in this part shall be conspicuously labeled by the shipper as follows, except as otherwise provided:

(11) "Radioactive materials label" as described and illustrated in paragraph 146.05-17 (g) on containers of Group I and Group II radioactive materials. (See illustration on page 22, Chapter II.)

(12) "Radioactive materials label" as described and illustrated in paragraph 146.05-17 (r) on containers of Group III radioactive materials. (See illustration on page 23, Chapter II.) 146.05-17. Labels:

(a) Shipper shall furnish and attach the labels prescribed for their packages.

(d) Labels shall conform to standard as required by Interstate Commerce Commission regulations.

(e) A combination diamond-shaped label-tag of proper size and color, bearing on one side the shipping information and on the reverse side the wording prescribed in this section, will be permitted.

Subpart E.-Detailed regulations governing poisonous articles

146.25-1. Definition of poisonous articles:

(a) Poisonous articles are divided by the Interstate Commerce Commission regulations into four classes according to degree of hazard in transportation. These are:

Extremely dangerous poisons-Class A.
Less dangerous poisons-Class B.

Tear gases or irritating substances-Class C.
Radioactive materials-Class D.

(b) These poisonous articles are defined by the Interstate Commerce Commission regulations as set forth in paragraphs 146.25–5, 146.25-10, 146.25-15, and 146.25-20, and such definitions are binding upon all shippers making shipments of poisonous articles by common carrier vessels engaged in interstate or foreign commerce by water. These definitions are accepted and adopted and form part of the regulations in this subchapter and apply to all shippers making shipments of poisonous articles by any vessel and shall apply to owners, charterers, agents, master or other person in charge of a vessel, and to other persons, transporting, carrying, conveying, storing, stowing, or using poisonous articles on board vessels subject to R. S. 4472, as amended (46 U. S. C. 170), and the regulations in this subchapter.

146.25-20. Radioactive materials, Class D, radioactive materials label:

(a) Radioactive material is any material or combination of materials that spontaneously emits ionizing radiation. For the purpose of the regulations in this part radioactive materials are divided into 3 groups according to the type of rays emitted at any time during transportation, as follows:

(1) Group I.-Radioactive materials that emit gamma rays only or both gamma and electrically charged corpuscular rays. (2) Group II.-Radioactive materials that emit neutrons and either or both types of radiation characteristic of Group I materials.

(3) Group III.-Radioactive materials that emit electrically charged corpuscular rays only, i. e., alpha or beta, etc., or any other radioactive material that is so shielded that the gamma radiation at the surface of the package does not exceed 10 milliroentgens* per 24 hours at any time during transportation.

*In determining compliance with requirements of these regulations, all measurements of radiation must be made with a Landsverk-Wollan Electrometer Model L-100, or equally efficient standardized meter.

146.25-25. Exemptions for radioactive materials:

(a) Radioactive materials are exempt from prescribed packaging, marking other than the name of the contents, and labeling requirements, provided they fulfill all of the following conditions:

(1) The package must be such that there can be no leakage of radioactive materials under conditions normally incident to transportation.

(2) The package must contain not more than 0.1 millicuries** of radium, or polonium or that amount of strontium 89, strontium 90, or barium 140 which disintegrates at a rate of more than 5 million atoms per second; or that amount of any other radioactive substance which disintegrates at a rate of more than 50 million atoms per second.

(3) The package must be such that no significant alpha, beta, or neutron radiation is emitted from the exterior of the package, and the gamma radiation at any surface of the package must be less than 10 milliroentgens per 24 hours.

(b) Manufactured articles other than liquids, such as instrument or clock dials of which radioactive materials are a component part, and luminous compounds, when securely packed in strong outside containers are exempted from specification packaging, marking other than name of contents, and labeling requirements provided the gamma radiation at any surface of the package is less than 10 milliroentgens per 24 hours.

(c) Radioactive materials, such as ores, residues, etc., of low activity, packed in strong tight containers, are exempt from specification packaging, marking other than name of contents, and labeling requirements for transportation on board vessels only if the gamma radiation or equivalent at any point in any space or area continuously occupied by passengers, crew, or shipments of animals, will not exceed 40 milliroentgens per 24 hours at any time during transportation.

146.25-30. Packing and shielding of radioactive materials:

(a) Not more than 2,000 millicuries of radium, polonium, or other members of the radium family of elements, and not more than that amount of any other radioactive substance which disintegrates at a rate of 100,000 million (101) atoms per second may be packed in one outside container for transportation on board vessels, except by special arrangements and under conditions approved by the Commandant of the Coast Guard.

**For purposes of the regulations in this part 1 millicurie is that amount of any radioactive material which disintegrates at the rate of 37 million atoms per second.