WASHINGTON.

Published by Nathan Whiting New Haven Con.

OF THE

WAR OF THE INDEPENDENCE

OF THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

BY CHARLES BOTTA.

VOL. II.

TRANSLATED FROM THE ITALIAN,

BY GEORGE ALEXANDER OTIS, ESQ.

EIGHTH EDITION, IN TWO VOLUMES, REVISED AND CORRECTED.

NEW-HAVEN:
1838.

Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1835, by
NATHAN WHITING,

in the Clerk's office of the District Court of Connecticut District.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

BOOK NINTH.

SUMMARY.-Gates takes the command of the northern army. Battle between Bur
goyne and Gates. Second battle still more sanguinary. Burgoyne in extremity. He
surrenders. Generosity of Gates. Ravages committed by the royal troops. The
republicans prepare to oppose sir William Howe. The marquis de la Fayette, and
his qualities. Howe lands with his army at the head of Elk. Battle of Brandywine.
After various movements the royalists take possession of Philadelphia. Battle of
Germantown. Operations upon the Delaware. The two armies go into quarters.
Miserable condition of the republicans in the quarters of Valley Forge, and their as-
tonishing constancy. Intrigues against Washington, and his magnanimity. Howe
succeeded by sir Henry Clinton, and departs for England.

BOOK TENTH.

SUMMARY.--Effects produced in England by the events of the war. The carl of
Chatham proposes a plan of conciliation, but is unable to procure its adoption. De-
signs of the ministers. Negotiations of congress in France. Interested policy of the
French government. Louis XVI. acknowledges the independence of the United
States. Lord North makes a motion in favor of an arrangement. Declaration of the
French ambassador. Independence of America. Pownal advocates in parliament
the acknowledgment of American independence. Jenkinson speaks in opposition to
it, and obtains the majority of votes. The earl of Chatham dies: his character. War
is declared between France and England. Naval battle of Ouessant.

BOOK ELEVENTH.

The

SUMMARY.-The conciliatory plan of the ministry arrives in America. Effects it
produced there. Deliberations of congress. The treaties concluded with France arrive
in the United States. Joy of the inhabitants. The congress ratify the treaties. The
commissioners sent by George III. with proposals of peace arrive in America.
Americans refuse all arrangement. The English evacuate Philadelphia. Battle of
Monmouth. The count D'Estaing arrives with a fleet in the waters of America. The
projects of that admiral. Other operations of the British commissioners. They are
without effect, and the commissioners depart from America. The congress give a
solemn audience to the minister of the king of France. Operations in Rhode Island.
Engagement between the count D'Estaing and Howe. Discontent of the Americans
against the French, and quarrels which result from it. Horrible excision of Wyoming.
The count D'Estaing sails for the West Indies. Byron follows him. The royal army
moves to attack the southern provinces of the confederation.

BOOK TWELFTH.

SUMMARY.-The French capture Dominica, the English St. Lucia. The British
troops and in Georgia, and occupy Savannah. They attempt to carry Charleston, in
South Carolina. Their depredations. Different military events. The islands of St.

Vincent and Grenada are conquered by the French. Naval action between the count
D'Estaing and admiral Byron. The count D'Estaing arrives in Georgia. Savannah
besieged by the Americans and French. Count D'Estaing returns to Europe. Polit-
ical revolution among the Americans. Spain joins the coalition against England.
The combined fleets of France and Spain present themselves upon the coasts of Great
Britain. They retire. Causes of their retreat. Discontents in Holland against
England. Armed neutrality of the northern powers. The British ministry send re-
nforcements to America. The English obtain great advantages over the Spaniards
and throw succors into Gibraltar. Firmness of the Br tish court.

BOOK THIRTEENTH.

SUMMARY.-Campaign of the south. The English besiege and take Charleston.
Tarleton defeats the republicans at Wacsaw. Submission of South Carolina, and
proclamations of lord Cornwallis for the re-establishment of tranquillity in that prov-
ince. New York menaced. New devastations committed by the English. Washing-
ton defeats the plan of Clinton. Variations of bills of credit. New efforts of the republi-
cans in South Carolina. Magnanimity of the women of that province. Campaign by
sea. Engagements between the count de Guichen and admiral Rodney. Dreadful
hurricane in the West Indies. The English capture a French convoy, and the Span-
Parties in Holland. Secret treaty
iards, a British convoy. Siege of Gibraltar.
between the congress and the city of Amsterdam. Rupture between England and
Holland. Revival of ardor among the Americans. M. de la Fayette arrives from
France in America, and brings good news. Bank of Philadelphia. Academy of Mas-
sachusetts. The count de Rochambeau arrives in Rhode Island, with French troops.
War re-kindles in South Carolina. General Gates takes the command of the southern
army. Battle of Camden between Gates and Cornwallis. Bloody executions in
South Carolina. Conspiracy and treason. Deplorable death of major Andre. Hos-
tilities in the Carolinas. Battle of King's mountain. Affair of Blackstocks. Gates
succeeded by general Green. Battle of Cowpens. Admirable pursuit of the English,
and no less admirable retreat of the Americans. Battle of Guildford between Green
and Cornwallis. Green marches upon the Carolinas; Cornwallis upon Virginia.

BOOK FOURTEENTH.

SUMMARY.-Losses of the Dutch. Depredations of the English at St. Eustatius.

The Spaniards seize West Florida. Plans of the belligerent powers. The English

revictual Gibraltar. The Spaniards attack that fortress with fury. M. de la Motte

Piquet takes from the English the booty they had made at St. Eustatius. Naval battle

of the bay of Praya. M. de Suffren succors the Cape of Good Hope. General Elliot,

governor of Gibraltar, destroys the works of the Spaniards. Attack upon Minorca.

The combined fleets show themselves upon the coast of England. Fierce combat

between the English and Dutch. The count de Grasse arrives in the West Indies,

with a formidable fleet. Combat between him and admiral Hood. The French take

Tobago. The count de Grasse and admiral Hood prepare themselves for the execution

of their plans of campaign. Intestine dissensions in the United States. Insurrection

in the army of Pennsylvania. Battle of Hobkirk. Battle of Eutaw Springs, and end

of the campaign of the south. Campaign of Virginia. Cornwallis takes post at York-

town. The combined troops besiege him there, and constrain him to surrender with

all his army.

The French make themselves masters of St. Christopher's. Minorca

falls into the power of the allies. Change of ministry in England.

BOOK FIFTEENTH.

SUMMARY.-Plans of the belligerent powers. The combined fleets menace the coasts
of England. Intrigues of the new ministers. Campaign of the West Indies. Memo-
rable engagement of the twelfth of April, 1782, between the count de Grasse and admi-
ral Rodney. Siege of Gibraltar. Description of that fortress. Floating batteries.
General attack. Victory of Elliot. Admiral Howe revictuals Gibraltar. Negotia-
tions of peace. Signature of treaties. Alarming agitation in the army of congress.
It is disbanded. Washington divests himself of the supreme command, and retires
to his seat at Mount Vernon,