NEBRASKA

Nebraska industrial arts courses are designed specifically for grades 9 and 10, and can be adopted at the junior or at the senior high school level. Subject areas of drawing and planning, woodworking, metalworking, electricity, and general crafts (ceramics, leathercrafts, plastics, and art metal and jewelry) are reported in the guide.

Class periods consist of 1 hour or two 40-minute periods. Classes are scheduled for a semester with classes meeting five times a week, or they may meet fewer times per week. To complete the woodworking course of 14 units of instruction, the time allotted is 18 weeks with one period of 1 hour or two 40-minute periods, five times a week. Students are to complete a 3-week unit in drawing and planning prior to doing shop work.

The instructional content in the Nebraska guide' is organized under the following headings: introduction, course objectives for teaching a class, course content, units of instruction, equipment and supplies, and recommended policies. The excerpt shows one of the units of

Drawing and Planning
Introduction

Mechanical Drafting is the universal "language of industry." The ability to describe the shape and size of objects through drawings made by others is helpful to anyone regardless of his vocation. Without a knowledge of drafting and blueprint reading, many of the better jobs in industry are closed to workers. In this "age of industry," then, mechanical drafting is important in the education of both producers and consumers.

Course objectives for teaching a class in drawing and planning

1. To give training in reading and interpreting sketches and working drawings.

2. To provide experiences in the use of drafting instruments and materials in the performance of drafting fundamentals applied to the making of working drawings.

3-week unit:

Course content

I. Freehand drafting in orthographic.

II. Dimensioning and size descriptions and blueprint reading.

12-week unit:

III. Lettering.

IV. Instruments and their uses.

V. Geometric constructions.

VI. Orthographic projections.

VII. Working drawings.

VIII. Design of shop projects.

IX. Complete units I-VIII, review subject matter and related informa

tion and test over these units.

7 Industrial Arts for Nebraska Schools, An Instructional Guide, pp. 29-30.

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3-week unit:

X. Elements of architectural drawing.
XI. Home planning.

Units of instruction

Unit I-Freehand drafting in orthographic

A. Unit objectives:

1. To become acquainted with materials and methods used in making freehand sketches.

2. To develop some skill in freehand pencil sketches.

B. Subject matter information:

1. Materials and instruments needed for sketching.

2. Methods or techniques to be used in making sketches.

C. Related information:

1. The purpose and use of freehand sketches.

2. Order of sketching or penciling.

3. Knowledge of the different kinds of lines and their uses.
4. How to check a sketch.

D. Demonstrations:

1. How to sharpen a drawing pencil.

2. How to sketch vertical lines.

3. How to sketch horizontal lines.

4. How to sketch arcs and circles.

5. How to mark points with a pencil.

6. How to plan a sketch and make a layout sheet.

instruction for the subject area, drawing and planning. Notice that the units in the course content are divided into three periods of time3 weeks are for Unit I, Freehand drafting in orthographic; and Unit II, Dimensioning and size descriptions and blueprint reading-12 weeks are for Units III through Unit IX (Unit III, Lettering; Unit IV, Instruments and their uses; Unit V, Geometric construction; Unit VI, Orthographic projections; Unit VII, Working drawing; Unit VIII, Design of shop projects; and Unit IX, Complete units I-VIII, Review subject matter and related information and test over these units). Three-week units are for Units X and XI, elements of agricultural drawing, and home planning, respectively.

Each of the units of instruction contains a title, objective, subjectmatter information, related information, and demonstrations. Some of the units of instruction in other subject areas contain the heading, "Suggested activities and projects" and examples of the activities and projects are provided.

NEW JERSEY

A guide for planning school facilities for the junior and senior high school in industrial arts is based on five general laboratories, and including six activities in one industrial arts laboratory. For example, General Laboratory I, would have activities in wood, leather, plastics, ceramics, home mechanics, and textiles. General Laboratory II would have machine shop, art metal, ornamental iron, sheet metal, and foundry. General Laboratory III would have electricity, internal combustion engine, refrigeration, radio and television. General Laboratory IV would have printing, silk screen, bookbinding, rubber stamp, blockprinting, and photography. General Laboratory V would have agriculture arts.

The instructional content suggested in New Jersey for elementary grades 5, 6, 7, and 8 is: grade 5-wood, metal, leather, and plastics; grade 6-wood, metal, leather, plastics, and electricity; grade 7-wood metal, leather, plastics, electricity, mechanical drawing, ceramics, and home mechanics; and grade 8-wood, metal, leather, plastics, electricity, mechanical drawing, ceramics, and home mechanics. Additional areas may be included in an elementary industrial arts program: weaving, knotwork, beadwork, basketry, shell craft, metal enameling, jewelry, foundry, metal spinning, electroplating, lapidary,

wood carving, whittling, wood burning, model planes and ships, upholstering, archery, bookbinding, silk screen work, blockprinting, photography, and keene cement work.

The format used in the presentation of each area includes five units: (1) tools and equipment, (2) materials and supplies, (3) skills and processes, (4) related information, and (5) suggested projects. An excerpt of the format of the curriculum guide is shown as follows for the "plastics" area.

UNIT I-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT:

A. Rule

B. Try square

C. Coping saw

D. Back saw

E. Files

F. Hand drill

G. Prick punch

Plastics

UNIT II-MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES:

A. Assorted plastic sheets
B. Assorted plastic rods

C. Special shaped plastics:

1. Hearts

2. Rings

3. Cross

4. Animals

D. Abrasive papers

E. Polishing compounds

8

NEW YORK

New York industrial arts courses provide exploratory experiences for students in grades 7, 8, and 9. In the senior high school (grades 10, 11, and 12) students may take general and advanced courses on an elective basis. General woodwork, general electricity, general textiles, general printing, general metalwork, and general ceramics form the foundation for advanced courses in the upper levels of the senior high school.

The recommended time schedule for the different grades is as follows: grade 7-two double 45-minute periods per week, for 36 weeks, 108 clock hours, or 3 hours per week; grade 8-three double 45minute periods per week, for 36 weeks, 162 clock hours, or 41⁄2 hours per week; grade 9-three-five double 45-minute periods per week, for 36 weeks, 162-270 clock hours, or 41⁄2-71⁄2 hours per week; and grades

Industrial Arts Teacher Guide for Elementary Grades, p. 11.