Table 71.-FEDERAL FUNDS EXPENDED AND NUMBER OF FOREIGN TECHNICIANS PARTICIPATING IN CENSUS TRAINING PROGRAMS OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS: 1957-58 TO 1959-60

MARITIME ADMINISTRATION SCHOOLS

Under a delegation of authority from the Secretary of Commerce, the Maritime Administration is responsible for many activities important to the maintenance of an American merchant marine sufficient to carry a substantial part of the water-borne commerce of the Nation and capable of service as a naval auxiliary in time of emergency. Educational activities of the Administration which serve this purpose include instructional programs to prepare young men to become licensed officers in the U.S. Merchant Marine and a program of grants to State Marine and civilian nautical schools.

U.S. MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY

Currently the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, Long Island, N.Y., is the only federally operated merchant marine school for the training of officers for the merchant fleet. This institution was established in 1942 and now has 853 cadets in training. Public Law 415, approved February 20, 1956, by the Eighty-fourth Congress, placed the academy on a permanent basis, and among other provisions provided for congressional nomination of candidates to participate in annual competitive examinations for appointment to the academy. The number of vacancies allocated to each State is proportioned to the representation in the Congress.

Federal funds expended annually for the operation of the Federal Merchant Marine School over the past 10 years are listed in column 4 of table 72. These data were provided by the Maritime Administration.

Table 72.-FEDERAL FUNDS EXPENDED FOR THE EDUCATION OF MERCHANT MARINE PERSONNEL: 1950-51 TO 1959-60

As early as 1874 the Secretary of the Navy was authorized to furnish, if requested by a State Governor, a fully equipped vessel for use by colleges. Later the State Marine School Act of 1911 promoted nautical education by authorizing Federal aid "to be used for the benefit of any nautical school, and any school or college having a nautical branch" in any of 11 seaport cities named in the act. Navy personnel could be furnished for supervision or instruction in the schools and Federal funds were appropriated for these educational services. The act required that the Federal funds be matched by a State or municipality, but the Federal money could not exceed $25,000 for any one school per year.

Later legislation increased this $25,000 limitation. Most recent is Public Law 85-672, approved August 18, 1958, and made effective July 1, 1959, which authorized the following changes in existing laws applicable to the State marine schools and the Federal assistance provided for them: (1) Increased the limitation on the $25,000 direct grant to $75,000 per year conditioned on an agreement to admit students from out of State for training; (2) increased the allowance for subsistence, uniforms, and textbooks to a rate not in excess of $600 per academic year per student; and (3) gave statutory assurance of the continuation of these Federal payments for the duration of the respective prescribed courses of training.

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Responsibility for administering Federal aid to these schools, which are known as State Maritime Academies, was transferred in 1941 from the Navy to the U.S. Maritime Commission, now known as the Maritime Administration. The four academies are located in California, Maine, Massachusetts, and New York.

A 10-year summary of expenditures for the education of merchant marine personnel in these programs is given in table 72. Figures indicate the amounts for the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, the State Maritime Academies, and the training and upgrading of licensed and unlicensed personnel, including expenditures for group instruction and amounts expended for correspondence courses.

METEOROLOGICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING

The Weather Bureau, in the Department of Commerce, supervises an educational and training program to improve the technical knowledge of meteorologists from other countries. At the present time, this program is jointly sponsored by the International Cooperation Administration (ICA), the United Nations (UN), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and in some cases it is under the direct sponsorship of another country with all expenses being paid by that country.

The Bureau assists the foreign trainee by advising him as to the type of training that is available and proposing a suitable program. Also, a trainee is assisted in enrolling in a university or college which will give him the required courses or the Bureau may develop a specific program adapted to special requirements and provide the training opportunities at one of the Weather Bureau facilities.

Table 73 indicates the Federal funds expended for the training of foreign meteorologists, number of participants from various countries, and the sponsoring agencies for the 1957-58, 1958-59, and 1959-60 school years.

Financial and personnel data for this program in the instruction of foreign meteorologists over the past 6 years are reported in table 74. Amounts expended by ICA have been reported for the table but expenditures by the UN, ICAO, and foreign governments have not been reported. Information for this program was furnished by the Weather Bureau in the Department of Commerce.

Table 73.-FEDERAL FUNDS EXPENDED FOR THE TRAINING OF FOREIGN METEOROLOGISTS, NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS FROM VARIOUS COUNTRIES, AND SPONSORING AGENCIES: 1957-58 TO 1959-60

Table 74.-FEDERAL FUNDS EXPENDED FOR THE TRAINING OF FOREIGN METEOROLOGISTS AND NUMBER OF FOREIGN PARTICIPANTS, BY SPONSORING AGENCIES: 1954-55 TO 1959-60

1 Supersedes former programs.

'Amounts expended by sponsoring offices other than ICA have not been reported.

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Responsibilities of the National Bureau of Standards make it imperative that new understandings and new talents be developed. It is only through this concept and the application of the Bureau's instructional programs that efficient and effective service may be provided. Discussed below are the three educational programs which are intended to meet the Bureau's training needs. Information for these programs was furnished by the National Bureau of Standards in the Department of Commerce.

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS GUADUATE SCHOOL

Programs leading to higher degrees for advanced students are provided by the National Bureau of Standards Graduate School. The school, started in 1908, was the first of several programs of this kind established for the advancement of employees of Federal agencies. Educational services are supplied in the Bureau's area of scientific responsibility, the physical sciences.

Physical facilities including classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and instructional materials are provided by the Bureau. Specialists from the Bureau's staff form the major portion of the teaching staff, which is augmented by professors from the universities cooperating in the program. The same administrative staff handles the in-hours and the out-of-hours education and training programs. In-hours courses are restricted to Federal employees. Any American citizen possessing the proper educational qualifications may enroll in out-of-hours

courses.