searches, investigations, and experiments bearing directly on and contributing to the establishment and maintenance of a permanent and effective agricultural industry of the United States. This includes research basic to the problems of agriculture in its broadest aspects, and such investigations as have for their purpose the development and improvement of the rural home and rural life and the maximum contribution by agriculture to the welfare of the consumer. Agricultural research.-Appropriations for agricultural research at the State agricultural experiment stations are authorized by the Hatch Act of August 1955, as amended. This legislation consolidated the following programs which were separately authorized: Hatch Act of 1887, Adams Act of 1906, Purnell Act of 1925, Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935, and the amendment to the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1946. In addition, the Hatch Act, as amended, supersedes a number of enactments extending the benefits of the Hatch, Adams, and Purnell Acts to Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.

The 1955 legislation prescribed that the amount any State may be entitled to receive in any year for conduct of agricultural research shall be the amount received in fiscal year 1955, plus such additional amounts as each State may be authorized to receive under the formula contained in the act. Under this formula any amounts in addition to those made available in 1955 are distributed as follows:

20 percent of the total allotted equally to each State and Puerto Rico.

26 percent allotted on the basis of relative rural population.

26 percent allotted on the basis of relative farm population.

All of this 72 percent must be matched in full from funds of nonFederal origin. Another 3 percent does not have to be matched and is available to the Department of Agriculture for administration of the funds allotted to the States.

Federal funds allotted from the various acts from 1950-51 through 1959-60 are shown in table 69. Detailed allotments to each State for the 1959-60 school year are presented in table 70. Allotments to the individual States and Puerto Rico during the 1958-59 fiscal year are given in column 5 of the summary table 4. Amounts shown in these tables cover only the amounts distributed to the States and Puerto Rico by formula.

During both the 1958-59 and 1959-60 school years, the largest allotment to any State was made to Texas with a total of $975,292. The smallest allotment, $196,947, was received by Nevada.

Table 69.-FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED FOR AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS: 1950-51 TO 1959-60

1 The amount reported in this column for the years prior to 1956-57 include amounts for the separate acts consolidated into the Hatch Act as amended 1955. Allotments in 1955-56 for the several acts included in this consolidation are as follows: Hatch Act, 1887-$765,000; Adams Act, 1906-$765,000; Purnell Act, 1925 $3,060,000; Bankhead-Jones Act, 1935-$2,863,708; and Bankhead-Jones Act, 1946-$12,096,000.

Agricultural regional research. The remaining 25 percent of additions to the funds available in 1955 may be established as an addition to the Regional Research Fund. These moneys are allotted on the basis of research proposals for regional research projects which must be cooperative between at least two State stations. Allotments under this fund are based upon recommendations of a committee of nine persons established by law to represent the State agricultural experiment stations. This fund is not distributed on the basis of any prescribed formula and does not have to be matched by the States. During the 1958-59 school year the Regional Research Fund amounted to $5.9 million. Funds made available to the States from the Regional Research Fund are excluded from the tables.

Agricultural marketing research.-In addition to the funds allotted to the State agricultural experiment stations under the Hatch Act, as amended, States also receive allotments from funds authorized by the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946. Amounts made available to the State agricultural experiment stations under this legislation must be used for agricultural marketing research. Unlike the funds provided under the Hatch Act, as amended, these funds are made available on the basis of specific project proposals which must be approved by the Department of Agriculture. Payments under this authorization must be matched in full by non-Federal funds on a project basis. In both the 1957-58 and 1958-59 school years, the State agricultural experiment stations were allotted $500,000 from these funds for marketing research. Here, as in the Regional Research Fund, the amount provided is excluded from tables 69 and 70.

Table 70.-FEDERAL FUNDS ALLOTTED TO THE STATES AND PUERTO RICO FOR AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS: 1959-60

Chapter 5

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

HE STATUTORY FUNCTIONS of the Department are to foster, promote, and develop the foreign and domestic commerce, the manufacturing and shipping industries, and the transportation facilities of the United States. Activities of this agency include: population, agricultural and other censuses; providing information on commerce; making coastal and geodetic surveys and publishing nautical and aeronautical charts; establishing commodity weights, measures, and standards; issuance of patents and the registration of trademarks; supervision of issuance of weather forecasts and warnings; and others connected with commerce and commercial pursuits on land and water as well as in the air.

Several programs of education and training are provided by the Department in relation to these Federal services and responsibilities. The programs described here include Census Training Program for Foreign Technicians, Maritime Administration Schools, Meteorological Education and Training, and Training in the National Bureau of Standards. The program in "Aviation Education" reported here in former publications of this series has been transferred to the Federal Aviation Agency and is reported in chapter 12 where all education programs of the Independent Federal Agencies are presented.

CENSUS TRAINING FOR FOREIGN TECHNICIANS

Educational programs in census and other statistical procedures and in the organization and management of statistical agencies are conducted by the Bureau of the Census in the Department of Commerce for qualified technicians from other countries. Instruction is sponsored and financed principally by the International Cooperation Administration, although some participants are received under the auspices of the State Department's International Educational Exchange Service, the United Nations, and of other technical assistance sponsorship. The Bureau has provided specialized courses for over 600 foreign participants during the past 13 years.

Programs are scheduled in all the subject-matter areas for which the Bureau of the Census collects and compiles statistical information. These subject-matter areas include the fields of population, housing, agriculture, industry, domestic trade and services, foreign trade, and State and local government statistics. To complement the subject-matter presentations, the instructional program also includes lectures and laboratory exercises comprising procedures and techniques for conducting censuses and surveys, the mass processing and tabulating of data through conventional and electronic equipment, publication of statistical reports, census geography and cartography, and statistical organization and administration. Special seminars in sampling techniques and quality control procedures can also be provided.

A well-rounded instructional program can be completed in 12 months during which a full cycle of seminars, classroom presentations, observational tours, and laboratory work can be experienced. Shorter courses from 3 to 9 months are arranged for "teams" of participants and for well-qualified individuals whose interests are relatively specialized.

The standard courses are usually synchronized with the semester programs of universities in the Washington area beginning early in September, February, and June. After the formal group instruction is completed, individualized programs are developed to meet the needs of each participant. These often include a "project" involving work within a division of the Bureau of the Census, another Government agency, a private institution, or a combination of these. To supplement this specialized program, the participant who has not had an adequate academic background is given an opportunity to enroll in evening courses in his field of interest at universities located in or near Washington, D.C.

These instructional programs at the Bureau of the Census are intended for participants holding responsible positions in their home countries and who have one or more years of practical experience. For certain short-term visitors, the Bureau provides host facilities and appropriate staff services as part of its regular operations for international cooperation in the field of statistics. This also includes the development of international statistical standards and the exchange of publications and methodological materials.

Table 71 gives the number of foreign trainees participating in this specialized service and Federal funds expended from 1957-58 to 195960. This information was furnished by the Bureau of the Census in the Department of Commerce.