where the aeronautical research work has been done for many years. Now, that same group is of course now concerned with certain space research that is done in those centers. However, these same centers have their employment stabilized for this next year.

And our 1960 headquarters staffing for that equivalent technical counterpart in Washington, will remain at practically the same level. The only addition is an increased complement in an office of research grants, which is an expanding program of greater support to research ideas in industry. And it takes technical people to run it. My point is that we have not, then, increased headquarters technical or administrative staffing to handle our inherited NACA-type business. This is a buildup in order to stay on top of a broad new space research and development program.

Dr. DRYDEN. Another way of looking at it: the NACA budget was about $100 million. You are looking here at a multiplication of that by nearly 5, or an increase of about 400 percent.

The increase in the number of people, however, is only about 10 percent, I think, going to 9,988 as compared to 8,961, or an increase of 1,027 people, to handle $333 million worth of business. This is another way of looking at it.

You can see that the new functions are being discharged by contracting with other groups and outside groups, and we are limiting the personnel growth in the agency to the people that are required to manage this expenditure intelligently.

Mr. MITCHELL. Well, I note on page 3 that in the 1959 appropriation initially for S. & E., it was only $83.1 million, whereas you are asking for $94.4 in 1960. Yet you are asking for R. & D. almost $130 million in additional funds?

Dr. DRYDEN. That is correct, yes.

Mr. MITCHELL. I would like to ask-this will be-I think we can get this in the record, because it will apply to many of the locations that NASA is concerned with.

I note quite an increase in two items, namely, "Travel" and "Communications."

Dr. DRYDEN. May I discuss those generally, first, and then turn it over to Mr. Ulmer for some of the numerical background?

NACA was an agency which operated wholly within the United States. We had research work done at these major laboratories. NASA is an agency which is operating around the world.

There are tracking stations the full committee has had a presentation of the location in South America, Spain, Australia, and so on.

In preparing our estimate, we had the experience of the Vanguard group, which was transferred to us on October 1st. We have some detail of what it took in running their minitrack network and their optical stations around the world in the way of travel.

Our estimates have been based on our own experience in NACA, in which the travel per man is relatively low, to the experience in a similar operation where the travel per man is pretty high.

The reason it is high is because there have to be frequent trips to these stations to supervise their operations, to calibrate their equipment, and so forth.

Furthermore, NASA is engaged, that is, will be engaged, in a program of international cooperation. We are directed by the law to cooperate with other countries, to see what we can do in this area that is sensible, anyway.

In connection with this program, very much more travel will be required than NACA ever had.

So the new functions have brought a new kind of responsibility involving travel. It has changed from a domestic operation to a worldwide operation.

Now, just to finish the travel story, Mr. Ulmer has a table that he might summarize, and we could perhaps put this in the record. Mr. ULMER. Mr. Chairman

Mr. MITCHELL. Would you like to put this in the record?

Mr. ULMER. I would be glad to, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. MITCHELL. If there is no objection, then it will be.

(The table referred to is as follows:)

Mr. ULMER. It gives some information concerning the fiscal 1958 experience of NAČA, which averages out to somewhat less than $100 per employee for travel.

Now, at the time this budget was prepared for NASA, the only other experience we had as a guideline was the Vanguard experience. Their travel for a fiscal year averaged approximately $2,800 per employee.

So within these two limits, we had the job of estimating what the travel requirement would be for an agency that had not yet been established, whose full job had not yet been understood, and the magnitude of the program had not been developed.

But it works out so that the travel requirements come, for the headquarters employees, to something comparable to what the Vanguard experience was, with a slight increase in travel for our research centers and stations in view of their expanded responsibilities in having to do this type of space research.

Now, this table comes out so that the average travel per employee for the entire agency is something on the order of $330 for 1960, compared with our past experience of about $100 per employee.

Dr. DRYDEN. Just to illustrate what we are talking about in concrete terms. Many of you know that we have used, borrowed, so to speak, a radio astronomy telescope in England for following this. last probe that went out into space beyond the moon.

This, of course, is equipment built for other scientific purposes. Before NASA was in the picture, the Air Force had installed certain equipment so that they could receive on the frequencies that were being used in satellites.

We just last week, I think, sent a technical man and a contract man to negotiate an agreement, that is, a contract, for the future use of that telescope in the space probes that are going to be fired within a few months from now.

Well, you see here are two men to England, and back. I don't remember what the numbers run. You have been to England and know that this is a sizable travel expense.

The network that we inherited from IGY, tracking stations located largely in South America, with some stations in Australia and South Africa, were put up under temporary agreements with these countries. We have had the problem and are in the middle now of negotiating agreements to continue to operate these stations in these countries.

Now, on the political side, this is done through State Department channels. But we also have to send our people down to Peru and Chile, first of all to decide just how we are going to operate them.

In those cases we have made contracts with local institutions to provide the major part of the people, so that we don't have to maintain our own nationals there at very high cost.

We will have a station manager who is a NASA employee. And we will probably use a commercial contractor in the logistic supply of the station. But there is certain travel on the part of our staff in connection with negotiating these agreements, and there will be later travel, as I mentioned, in being sure the equipment is properly calibrated and all the rest of it.

This is what we are talking about. It is quite different from any responsibility that we had in NACA.

Now, I think with this in the record you about have the travel story. If you want

Mr. MITCHELL. Well, communication and travel are generally tied together, aren't they?

Dr. DRYDEN. Yes.

Mr. MITCHELL. And as your space research is stepped up-let me ask you if this is a fair statement concerning the increase insofar as these two items are concerned.

Dr. DRYDEN. Yes.

Mr. MITCHELL. You anticipate in fiscal year 1960 to have quite an increase insofar as space research is concerned, necessitating increased communication and travel with your minitrack stations.

Dr. DRYDEN. Particularly worldwide travel and worldwide communications. Teletype lines to Australia to get the information back. Mr. MITCHELL. Yes.

1

Dr. DRYDEN. Previously this has either been paid by the IGY appropriation during IGY or by the military when the military had the responsibility for civil space operations, as they did pending the establishment of NASA.

Mr. MITCHELL. You actually really are getting into full operation in 1960?

Dr. DRYDEN. This is correct.

Mr. MITCHELL. Mr. King?

Mr. KING. Dr. Dryden, I notice the item for travel for Beltsville is $1,195,000, which is almost of the same order as the travel for the entire headquarters, which is $1,300,000.

Dr. DRYDEN. Yes, sir.

Mr. KING. I would like to know why that item is as high as it is.

Dr. DRYDEN. May I first say that we have mentioned that this center is under construction. You may wonder how they can travel when it doesn't exist. I think I ought to explain that.

The components of the Beltsville Center are in existence. When the Vanguard project was transferred from the Navy, we had to find space for them outside the Naval Research Laboratory, immediately. The way we did that was to persuade the Navy to assign a building belonging to the Naval Gun Factory that had been used for storage, just outside the fence of the Naval Research Laboratory. We converted that building to house temporarily the Vanguard group. They will move into Beltsville when Beltsville is finished.

There is a group dealing with the theoretical side of space science, which will be using high speed computing machines when they get into the Beltsville area. They are temporarily located in a rented building at Silver Spring.

The group running Project Mercury is at present located in buildings at Langley Field, Va. They are a part of the Beltsville Center. So the Beltsville staff is in active operation, even though there are no buildings yet at Beltsville. This is what I am trying to say.

Mr. Vaccarro, sitting on my right, will be the business manager of this complex.

Now, this group is the field group concerned with tracking, data collection, and data analyzing. You take in this particular case, the communications will be brought into this area.

Perhaps you want to break this down a little more, Mr. Ulmer? Mr. ULMER. We have another breakdown that covers the communications area, Mr. King. I would like to put this table in the record if I may. Over $2 million of our $3.8 million communication bill relates to the operation of the Beltsville Space Center. Most of that is in connection with the leased-line type of activity Dr. Dryden mentioned and also in the communications required in connection with the minitrack and Project Mercury worldwide tracking networks.

(The table referred to is as follows:)