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17, 1824; ratifications exchanged January 11, 1825; proclaimed January 12, 1825, Articles I, II, and IV. Effective January 11, 1825. 8 Stat. 302; 18 Stat. (pt. 2, Public Treaties 664; Treaty Series 298; II Treaties (Malloy) 1512.

MULTILATERAL

Convention relative to certain restrictions with regard to the exercise of the right of capture in naval war. Signed at The Hague October 18, 1907; ratification of the United States deposited with the Government of the Netherlands November 27, 1909; proclaimed February 28, 1910 (Art. III). Effective January 26, 1910.

The countries which have deposited ratifications of or have given notification of adherence to this convention are the United States, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, Japan, Liberia, Luxemburg, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Thailand. 36 Stat. (pt. 2) 2396; Treaty Series 544; II Treaties (Malloy) 2341.

Treaty relating to Spitsbergen. Signed at Paris February 9, 1920; ratification of the United States deposited with the Government of France April 2, 1924; proclaimed June 10, 1924 (Art. II). Effective August 14, 1925.

The countries which have deposited ratifications of or have given notification of adherence to this treaty are the United States, Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hedjas, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Union of Soviet Social Republics, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia. 43 Stat. (pt. 2) 1892; Treaty Series 686; IV Treaties (Trenwith) 4861.

Convention for the regulation of whaling. Concluded at Geneva September 24, 1931; signed on the part of the United States March 31, 1932; ratification of the United States deposited with the Secretary General of the League of Nations July 7, 1932; proclaimed January 16, 1935. Effective January 16, 1935.

The countries which have deposited ratifications of the convention and the countries and territories on behalf of which notifications of adherence to the convention have been given are the United States, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark (including Greenland), Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Great Britain (including Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Guiana, British Honduras, British Solomon Islands Protectorate, Ceylon, Cyprus, Falkland Islands and Dependencies, Fiji, Gambia Colony and Protectorate, Gibraltar, Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, Gold Coast Colony, Hong Kong, Jamaica (including Turks and Caicos Islands, and the Cayman Islands), Kenya Colony and Protectorate, Leeward Islands (Antigua, Dominica, Montserrat, St. Christopher and Nevis, and Virgin Islands), Malay States (Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis, Trengganu, and Brunei), Malta, Mauritius, Nigeria (Colony, Protectorate and Cameroons under British Mandate), State of North Borneo, Palestine (excluding Trans-Jordan), St. Helena and Ascension, Sawawak, Seychelles, Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate, Somaliland Protectorate, Straits Settlements, Tanganyika, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Windward Islands (Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent, and Zanzibar Protectorate), Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Mexico, Monaco, Newfoundland, Netherlands (including the Netherlands Indies, Surinan and Curacao), New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Turkey, Union of South Africa, and Yugoslavia. 49 Stat. (pt. 2) 3079; Treaty Series 880; IV Treaties (Trenwith) 5372.

Agreement for the regulation of whaling, and final act. Signed at London June 8, 1937; ratification of the United States deposited with the Government of Great Britain September 3, 1937; proclaimed May 18, 1938. Effective provisionally July 1, 1937; effective definitively and effective as to the United States May 7, 1938.

The countries which have deposited ratifications of or have given notifications of adherence to the agreement are the United States, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, and Norway. 52 Stat. 1460; Treaty Series 933; IV Treaties (Trenwith) 5573.

Protocol amending the agreement for the regulation of whaling signed at London June 8, 1937, and final act. Signed at London June 24, 1938; ratification of the United States deposited with the Government of Great Britain March 30, 1939; proclaimed April 8, 1939. Effective provisionally July 1, 1938; effective

as to Germany, Great Britain, and Norway December 30, 1938; effective as to the United States March 30, 1939.

The countries which have deposited ratifications of or have given notification of adherence to the protocol are the United States, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, and Norway. 53 Stet. (pt. 3) 1794; Treaty Series 944. Mr. MCCANN. A letter of June 6, 1944, from George W. Taylor, Vice Chairman of the National War Labor Board, to Mr. Peterson will be received in evidence.

(The letter referred to is as follows:)

Re Fish Investigation.

Hon. J. HARDIN PETERSON,

NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD,
Washington, D. C., June 6, 1944.

House Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR MR. PETERSON: In the absence of Chairman Davis, I am answering your letter to him of May 22, in which you request information to assist your committee in formulating a report and recommendations to the Congress.

I list the items about which you requested information with our comments. (1) “All activities of your department pertaining to fisheries."

The War Labor Board has jurisdiction over wages, and over labor disputes which may cause substantial interference with the war effort, in the fishing industry.

(2) "The effect upon your organization's activities with respect to fisheries of any regulations or orders of any other agency or department of the Federal Government."

By express provision of section 7 a (2) of the War Labor Disputes Act, this Board is required to conform to the Fair Labor Standards Act, the National Labor Relations Act, the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, and the Stabilization Act of October 2, 1942. The effect of this provision is to require conformance as well to orders and regulations issued under these acts. But I know of no such orders or regulations which have interfered with the Board's work. In addition, the Policy Directive of the Director of Economic Stabilization dated May 12, 1943 requires that wage adjustments made by the Board which may furnish the basis either to increase price ceilings or resist otherwise justifiable reductions in price ceilings may become effective only if approved by the Economic Stabilization Director.

(3) "Any suggestions which you have to offer which would increase the development of fisheries products, their transportation, distribution and use as foods and for industrial and agricultural purposes.'

The Board has no suggestions to offer on this subject.

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(4) "Any legislation which you think would assist in the development of the fisheries industry."

The Board proposes no legislation in this field.

I trust that this information, together with the letter and memorandum sent to you by Mr. Davis on May 22, 1944, will fully cover the material which you consider necessary for the purposes of your committee.

Very truly yours,

GEORGE W. TAYLOR, Vice Chairman.

Mr. MCCANN. A letter from Paul V. McNutt, Chairman of the War Manpower Commission, together with a report from that agency will be received in evidence.

(The letter and report referred to are as follows:)

Hon. J. HARDIN PETERSON,

WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION,
Washington, D. C., June 3, 1944.

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR CONGRESSMAN PETERSON: Recently your special assistant, Mr. Irving J. McCann, suggested that you be supplied with a brief chronological statement

of the services which have been rendered by the War Manpower Commission to the commercial fishing industry.

The enclosed statement entitled "War Manpower Commission Services to Commercial Fishing" is sent in compliance with that request and in response to your letter of May 22. This statement should serve your purpose when supplemented by War Manpower Commission Field Instruction No. 297, Commercial Fishing Industry Program for 1944, which is also enclosed. This field instruction No. 297 was sent in March 1944 to all War Manpower Commission regional directors and became the guide and practical working tool for Employment Service interviewers assigned the responsibility of recruiting labor for the fishing industry. Should you desire more detailed information than that provided in this communication, we shall be pleased to supply it.

Sincerely yours,

PAUL V. MCNUTT, Chairman.

WAR MANPOWER COMMISSION SERVICES TO COMMERCIAL FISHING The following is a chronological summary of services which the War Manpower Commission has made available to the commercial fishing industry.

Since the inception of various industry labor recruitment programs by the United States Employment Service offices, the regular facilities of the local offices have been available to employers in the fishing industry. The extent to which these facilities were used varied from area to area in direct relation to the significance of the manpower problem in a particular area. For instance, the shrimp industry in the Gulf States, pilchard industry in California, and sardine industry in Maine availed themselves of the services of the United States Employment Service offices to a greater extent than less heavily concentrated branches of the industry in other geographical areas.

Commercial fishing has been included as an essential activity in the List of Essential Activities of the War Manpower Commission since the development of that list in the summer of 1942. Four fish processing occupations were included in the original list of essential occupations attached to the essential activity food processing. In November 1942 five other occupational titles in the fishing industry were added to the commercial fishing activity.

In July 1943 the War Manpower Commission recognized the growing manpower problems of the commercial fishing industry by assigning to the Rural Industries Division the responsibility for developing and applying special procedure and techniques for the recruitment of workers for this industry. Attention during 1943 was confined largely to the solution of special industry problems as they were brought to our attention by our regional offices. Concurrently we concentrated considerable effort on obtaining more adequate employment and production data on which to build an industry-wide manpower program. Close working relationships were established with other Government agencies concerned with sea-food production.

Determinations were made regarding the extent of cooperation which could be obtained from the Office of Coordinator of Fisheries, the War Food Administration, and other Government agencies concerned with fishing industry problems. Cooperation between our field personnel, area coordinators of the Office of Coordinator of Fisheries and field representatives of War Food Administration was encouraged. Working conferences were held with industry representatives for the purpose of obtaining employer viewpoint regarding the scope of the job to be done and suggestions as to the most effective measures for accomplishing the objectives of recruiting an adequate supply of workers for the industry.

Five occupations which might relate to the fishing industry were included within the List of Critical Occupations issued in August 1943.

In May 1944 two occupational titles in the List of Critical Occupations were redefined so as to include two additional key occupations in the commercial fishing industry.

Early in 1944 a special labor recruitment program for the commercial fishing industry was developed by the Rural Industries Division. This program has as its objectives: Maintaining present working force in the industry; attracting new workers to the industry; intensive community mobilization to meet peak seasonal labor requirement. This program was devised as a guide and practical working tool for employment service interviewers assigned the responsibility of recruiting labor for the fishing industry. A copy of this program is enclosed.

Additional War Manpower Commission aids to the industry in 1944 have been1. Active cooperation with the Office of Coordinator of Fisheries in the establishment and operation of the Alaska salmon industry manpower recruitment program. The War Manpower Commission, through stabilization controls, enforces employment ceilings and transfer of workers under the program.

2. War Manpower Commission personnel have rendered technical advice and assistance to the employer with regard to selective-service procedure, especially in connection with deferments.

3. War Manpower Commission personnel have appeared before other Government agencies in instances where a presentation of factual information would assist the fishing industry employer in obtaining favorable consideration of a request for equipment. For instance, employment and production information have been furnished the Office of Defense Transportation in cases where employers have filed application for transportation facilities. Similar information has been furnished to Selective Service headquarters for deferment purposes.

4. In shortage areas, where the production of a particular sea food has reached seasonal peak proportions, specially trained recruitment officers have been assigned for the purpose of intensive local recruitment.

5. In cooperation with the War Department the War Manpower Commission has developed and applied procedure for the employment of war prisoners in foodprocessing plants. While national security prevents the use of war prisoners on boat operations, it has been possible to employ such labor in shore establishments. 6. War Manpower Commission effected an agreement with the War Food Administration for the transfer of off-seasonal agricultural workers to food-processing establishments, including fish processing.

7. Through manpower stabilization procedure, in several shortage areas, workers were transferred from seasonal fishing activity to other types of employment through the use of limited statements of availability which made possible the return of those workers to the fishing industry upon resumption of the activity from which they originally transferred. In other words, the off-seasonal employer was notified that these fishing industry workers should be released when their regular seasonal fishing activity was resumed.

8. Commercial fishing industry labor market information was furnished to the Children's Bureau to aid them in arriving at decisions with regard to relaxation of child-labor legislation regulations.

9. Informational and publicity programs have been developed for the purpose of intense local mobilization of all available workers in those areas where manpower problems have been significant. With the cooperation of the industry and other Government agencies, successful publicity programs have been of material assistance in recruitment of part-time workers, housewives, young school students, and other persons not ordinarily in the labor market. An example of such a program is the campaign developed for use in the Maine sardine industry. Local United States Employment Service officers in the New England area are making a vigorous campaign to recruit workers for the canning plants. A special appeal has been directed to women and part-time workers. The industry has contributed to the expense of the campaign and has agreed to furnish transportation to workers from rural areas whom the War Manpower Commission may recruit.

(Whereupon, at 4:20 p. m., the hearing was adjourned.)

EXECUTIVE AGENCIES ON FISHERIES

MONDAY, JUNE 26, 1944

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE ON THE MERCHANT MARINE AND FISHERIES,
SPECIAL SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE FISHERIES,
Washington, D. C.

The subcommittee met in room 328, Old House Office Building, at 1:30 p. m.

Present: Mr. Irving G. McCann, special assistant to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries.

Mr. MCCANN. A letter to Mr. Peterson dated June 24, 1944, from Paul V. McNutt, Administrator, Federal Security Agency, will be received in evidence and included in the record at this point.

(The letter referred to is as follows:)

Subject: Fish Investigation.

Hon. J. HARDIN PETERSON,

FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY,

Washington, June 24, 1944.

Chairman, Subcommittee on Fisheries of the

Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR CONGRESSMAN PETERSON: The functions of the Federal Security Agency in relation to fisheries and the marketing of fisheries products are of a dual nature: 1. Protection of the purity of the product.

2. Social insurance for the workers.

I. PROTECTION

Legal action with relation to the purity of sea-food products is the function of the Food and Drug Administration. All projects involving the fisheries conducted by the Food and Drug Administration arise from the enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Fish and shellfish in common with all other foods, if shipped in interstate commerce, if imported from abroad or exported to foreign countries are within the jurisdiction of that law and must meet its requirements. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prohibits commerce in fish and shellfish which are adulterated or misbranded within the meaning of the act. The outstanding factors which may render sea foods adulterated are (1) decomposition, (2) contamination with filth, and (3) preparation under insanitary conditions. In addition there are other definitions of adulteration in the act particularly applicable to fishery products, such as those which in their effect prohibit the addition of water to clams and oysters and proscribe the use of substances which may conceal inferiority or damage. The misbranding prohibitions are to a large degree contained in the general requirement of the law that the label shall make no representation which is false and misleading in any particular. This broad provision is followed by a number of specific mandatory labeling requirements, including that which makes it necessary to label fish with its common or usual name.

From year to year over practically the entire history of the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act of 1906 and up to date during our experience with the enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, it has been

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