PART I.—THE AWAKENING TO THE MANPOWER REVOLUTION
"The Population Upsurge and the American Economy, 1945-80," by Joseph
S. Davis, Stanford University, from the Journal of Political Economy,
October 1953----
"The Coming Labor Shortage," by Peter F. Drucker, from "America's
Next Twenty Years," Harper & Row, Inc., 1957----
Address by Senate Democratic Leader Lyndon B. Johnson before the AFL-
CIO Unemployment Conference, the Armory, Washington, D.C., April
8, 1959---
Committee print entitled "Manpower Challenge of the 1960's".
"Challenge of 'Industrial Revolution II,'" by Arthur J. Goldberg, in the
New York Times magazine, April 2, 1961--
Manpower Report of the President, March 11, 1963.
Remarks of Senator Joseph S. Clark upon opening hearings on the Na-
tion's manpower revolution___.
PART II.-CURRENT AND EMERGING MANPOWER TRENDS
Recent trends in employment, from Manpower Report of the President,
"Work History, Attitudes, and Income of the Unemployed," by Robert L.
Stein, Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Growth and change in the population and in the labor force, from the
Manpower Report of the President, 1962__
Manpower future, from the Manpower Report of the President, 1962_.
Haworth, Dr. Leland J., Director, National Science Foundation, statement
before the Senate Subcommittee on Employment and Manpower, Novem-
ber 14, 1963---.
"Nation's Engineering Manpower Needs," by Carl Frey, executive secre-
tary, Engineering Manpower Commission, Engineers Joint Council____
"Labor Force Growth and Job Opportunities: Some Doctrines and the
Evidence," by Gertrude Bancroft, Bureau of Labor Statistics_____
"Impact of Effective Demand of the Labor Supply," by Clarence D. Long,
Johns Hopkins University--
Projections of the labor force of the United States, testimony by Harold
Goldstein, Assistant Commissioner for Manpower and Employment Sta-
tistics. Bureau of Labor Statistics, before Subcommittee on Employment
and Manpower, September 26, 1963_-.
PART III.-THE PACE AND IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL
CHANGE
"The Impact of Technology: The Historic Debate," by Robert L.
Heilbroner, from Automation and Technological Change--
"Productivity: Its Meaning and Trend," by Solomon Fabricant, Chal-
lenge, October 1962_.
"Productivity and Technological Trends in the Private Economy,
1947-62," by Leon Greenberg, Assistant Commissioner for Productivity
and Technological Developments, Department of Labor----
"The Scope of Automation," from the Economic Journal, March 1957-----
"Check This Country Against Europe, Check Your Industry Against
Other Industries, Check Your Company Against Other Competitors,
and Then Ask, 'Are We Falling Behind in Mechanization?" by James
R. Bright, from Harvard Business Review, November-December 1960__
Theobald, Robert, economic consultant and author of "The Challenge of
Abundance," and "The Rich and the Poor," statement by----
Watson, Thomas J., Jr., chairman, board, International Business Ma-
chines Corp., statement by----.
Diebold, John, president, the Diebold Group, Inc., testimony of..
"Cybernation The Silent Conquest," by Donald N. Michael__
"Automation-The Impact of Technological Change," by Yale Brozen_-_-
"The Promise of Automation," by Peter F. Drucker, from "America's Next
Twenty Years," Harper & Row, Inc----
"Automation and Technological Change," report of the Joint Committee
on the Economic Report, January 5, 1956_-.
"Effects of Automation," from the Department of Labor-
"Factors Influencing Employment and Some Specific Measures To Combat
Unemployment," paper prepared for the Subcommittee on Employment
and Manpower, by Phillip S. Bobb, director, McKinsey & Co., Inc.-‒‒‒
"The Strategy of Automation," by Joseph Harrington, Jr., head, mechani-
cal engineering, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass., from Auto-
mation, June 1962_.
"Challenge to Management, Developing Policies for Automation," by
Roger W. Bolz, publisher and editorial director, from Automation, July
1962__.
"The Effects of Automation on Job Design," by Louis E. Davis, professor
of industrial engineering, University of California, Berkeley, from Indus-
trial Relations, October 1962.
"White Collar Automation," by Thomas O'Toole, from the Reporter, De-
cember 5, 1963_.
EXPLORING THE DIMENSIONS OF THE MANPOWER
From May to December 1963, the Subcommittee on Employment and Manpower conducted extensive hearings designed to plumb the depths of the Nation's manpower and employment problem. This was the first time a congressional committee had attempted to look at our employment problems on a comprehensive rather than piecemeal basis. Members of the subcommittee had been convinced for some time that piecemeal policies were no longer adequate if the national goal of full employment, first proclaimed in the Employment Act of 1946, was ever to be achieved in the United States. Many members had begun to sense that a profound change was taking place in the kind of labor force required to man an increasingly sophisticated technological economy. The pace of this change, it seemed, had accelerated and posed serious challenges to the course of future social and economic policy. We referred to this complex phenomenon as a "manpower revolution."
The subcommittee heard over 150 witnesses. Yet, despite the enormous volume of testimony gathered, it was quite evident that much information still remained to be gathered if the subcommittee's eventual recommendations were to have any applicability to reality. This document supplements the testimony of witnesses heard by
In the hearings, an attempt was made to give voice to the full range of opinion on controversial issues. The same policy has been followed in selections for this volume. No member of this subcommittee agrees with the views of all of the authors. They cannot, for many of the views are diametrically opposed. Nevertheless, it is from the factual material and various viewpoints presented in the hearings, this volume, and other similar volumes which will follow, as well as other Sources, that the subcommittee members will form the conclusions which are embodied in their final report and recommendations.
Since the selected materials included herein will be essential to the subcommittee in its deliberations and enlightening for the Senate and Congress as a whole, I order this document to be printed. JOSEPH S. CLARK, Chairman, Subcommittee on Employment and Manpower.
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