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(7) The United States and the Republic of the Philippines are currently engaged in a second five-year review of the Military Bases Agreement.

(8) Officials of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines have indicated to officials of the United States that the United States should significantly increase compensation for the use by the United States of military bases in the Philippines.

(9) The provision of multilateral economic assistance to the Republic of the Philippines should be considered separately from the provision of security assistance by the United States to the Republic of the Philippines in return for United States basing rights in the Philippines.

(b) REPORT ON FACILITIES. (1) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the existing United States military facilities in the Republic of the Philippines. The report shall include analysis of the following:

(A) The costs and benefits of maintaining those facilities, including the costs to the United States of the operation and maintenance of those facilities and any other costs associated with those facilities and the economic and social benefits and other benefits of those facilities to the Republic of the Philippines.

(B) Potential alternative locations for those facilities.

(C) The strategic value to the United States of having military facilities located in the Philippines and of having such facilities at the potential alternative locations considered.

(D) The costs and benefits of relocating those facilities to the potential alternative locations, including

(i) the cost to the United States of operation and maintenance and other costs,

(ii) the economic, social, and other costs to the Philippines, and

(iii) the economic, social, and other benefits to the government and community at each alternative location.

(E) The availability of skilled indigenous personnel at the potential alternative locations and the cost of training such personnel to work at such installations.

(2) The report shall be prepared in consultation with the Secretary of State and shall be submitted to Congress not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1309.26 * * * [Repealed-1992]

SEC. 1310. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST ETHIOPIA (a) STATEMENTS OF POLICY.-The Congress

(1) condemns the Government of Ethiopia for its blatant disregard for human life as demonstrated by its use of food as a weapon, its forced resettlement program, and its human rights record;

(2) in the strongest terms possible, urges the Government of Ethiopia to allow foreign relief personnel to return to the north and to allow the international relief campaign to resume oper

26 Sec. 1074 of Public Law 102-484 (106 Stat. 2511) repealed sec. 1309, which required an annual assessment of security at U.S. bases in the Philippines.

ations at its own risk, while retaining full control over its assets and having access to adequate aircraft and fuel;

(3) in the strongest terms possible, urges rebel groups to cease attacks upon relief vehicles and relief distribution points and to respect the impartiality of the international relief campaign;

(4) urges the President and the Secretary of State (through direct representations to the Government of Ethiopia and certain rebel groups and through sustained multilateral initiatives involving other Western donors, the United Nations, and the Organization of African Unity) to focus world pressure and opinion upon the combatants in northern Ethiopia, to press for an "open roads/own risk" policy that will facilitate the resumption of international relief efforts in the north, to press the Government of Ethiopia and the rebel groups to reach a pragmatic, enduring political settlement, and to press the Government of Ethiopia to implement genuine and effective reform of its failed agricultural policies; and

(5) urges the President and the Secretary of State to engage in direct discussion with the Soviet Union in order that the peaceful resolution of the crisis in northern Ethiopia becomes a high priority of the Soviet Union and that the approach of the Soviet Union is consistent with that of the West.

(b) SANCTIONS.-(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to, and is hereby strongly urged to, impose such economic sanctions upon Ethiopia as the President determines to be appropriate (subject to paragraphs (2) and (3)) if, at any time after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Government of Ethiopia engages in any of the following outrages:

(A) Forced resettlement.

(B) Forced confinement in any resettlement camp.

(C) Diversion of international relief to the military.

(D) Denial of international relief to any persons at risk because of famine.

(E) Seizure of international relief assets provided by the United States.

(F) Prohibition of end-use monitoring of food distribution by international relief personnel.

(2) In imposing sanctions pursuant to paragraph (1) on imports from Ethiopia, the President shall give priority consideration to those products which constitute major imports from Ethiopia, unless the President determines that sanctions against such products would have an adverse effect on economic interests of the United States.

(3) If a sanction imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) involves the prohibition or curtailment of exports to Ethiopia, that sanction may only be imposed under the authority and subject to the requirements of section 6 of the Export Administration Act of 1979.

(c) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.-Not more than 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act and at the end of each 90-day period thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress a report stating whether or not, during the 90-day period preceding the date of the report, the Government of Ethiopia engaged in any conduct

described in subsection (b). Each such report shall describe the response of the United States to any such conduct.

(d) REGULATION AUTHORITY.-The President shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as are necessary to implement any sanction imposed under this section.

(e) EXPIRATION.-The authority provided by subsection (b) shall expire on June 1, 1990.

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SEC. 1436.27 NUCLEAR TEST BAN READINESS PROGRAM

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress makes the following findings:

(1) On September 17, 1987, the United States and the Soviet Union announced that they would resume full-scale, stage-bystage negotiations on issues relating to nuclear testing, including further intermediate limitations on nuclear testing leading to the ultimate objective of a comprehensive nuclear test ban. (2) It was agreed that the first step in these negotiations would be to reach agreement on verification measures that will make possible the ratification of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty of 1974 and the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty of 1976.

(3) To achieve the agreement on verification measures, thẹ United States and the Soviet Union have agree to design and conduct a Joint Verification Experiment at the test sites of each country during the summer of 1988.

(4) At the Moscow summit in May 1988, President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev reaffirmed their commitment to negotiations on "effective verification measures which will make it possible to ratify the Threshold Test Ban Treaty of 1974 and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty of 1976, and proceed to negotiating further intermediate limitations on nuclear testing leading to the ultimate objective of the complete cessation of nuclear testing as part of an effective disarmament process".

(b) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.-The Secretary of Energy shall establish and support a program to assure that the United States

27 42 U.S.C. 2121 note.

Sec. 3140 of Public Law 102-190 (105 Stat. 1580) provided the following:

"SEC. 3140. REPORT ON SCHEDULE FOR RESUMPTION OF NUCLEAR TESTING TALKS AND TEST BAN READINESS PROGRAM.

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of Congress that the United States and the Soviet Union share a special responsibility to resume the Nuclear Testing Talks to continue negotiations toward additional limitations on nuclear weapons testing.

"(b) REPORT.-Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to Congress a report containing a proposed schedule for resumption of the Nuclear Testing Talks and identifying the goals to be pursued in those talks.

"1(c) NUCLEAR TEST BAN READINESS PROGRAM.-Of the funds appropriated to the Department of Energy for fiscal year 1992 for weapons activities, $20,000,000 shall be available to conduct the nuclear test ban readiness program established pursuant to section 1436 of the National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 (Public Law 100-456; 42 U.S.C. 2121 note).".

is in a position to maintain the reliability, safety, and continued deterrent effect of its stockpile of existing nuclear weapons designs in the event that a low-threshold or comprehensive ban on nuclear explosives testing is negotiated and ratified within the framework agreed to by the United States and the Soviet Union.

(c) PURPOSES OF PROGRAM.-The purposes of the program under subsection (b) shall be the following:

(1) To assure that the United States maintains a vigorous program of stockpile inspection and non-explosive testing so that, if a low-threshold or comprehensive test ban is entered into, the United States remains able to detect and identify potential problems in stockpile reliability and safety in existing designs of nuclear weapons.

(2) To assure that the specific materials, components, processes, and personnel needed for the remanufacture of existing nuclear weapons or the substitution of alternative nuclear warheads are available to support such remanufacture or substitution if such action becomes necessary in order to satisfy reliability and safety requirements under a low-threshold or comprehensive test ban agreement.

(3) To assure that a vigorous program of research in areas related to nuclear weapons science and engineering is supported so that, if a low-threshold comprehensive test ban agreement is entered into, the United States is able to maintain a base of technical knowledge about nuclear weapons design and nuclear weapons effects.

(d) ČONDUCT OF PROGRAM.-The Secretary of Energy shall carry out the program provided for in subsection (b). The program shall be carried out with the participation of representatives of the Department of Defense, the nuclear weapons production facilities, and the national nuclear weapons laboratories.

(e) ANNUAL REPORT.-The Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress each year an unclassified report (with a classified annex as necessary) that describes the progress made to the date of the report in achieving the purposes of the program required to be established under subsection (b).

m. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1989

Partial text of Public Law 100-463 [H.R. 4781], 102 Stat. 2270, approved October 1, 1988; as amended by Public Law 100-526 [Defense Authorization Amendments and Base Closure and Realignment Act, S. 2749], 102 Stat. 2623, approved October 24, 1988; and by Public Law 100-690 [Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, H.R. 5210], 102 Stat 4181, approved November 18, 1988 AN ACT Making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989, for military functions administered by the Department of Defense, and for other purposes, namely:

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SEC. 8125.1 (a)(1) Not later than March 1, 1989, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on the assignment of military missions among the member countries of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and on the prospects for the more effective assignment of such missions among such countries.

(2) The report shall include a discussion of the following:

(A) The current assignment of military missions among the member countries of NATO.

(B) Military missions for which there is duplication of capability or for which there is inadequate capability within the current assignment of military missions within NATO.

(C) Alternatives to the current assignment of military missions that would maximize the military contributions of the member countries of NATO.

(D) Any efforts that are underway within NATO or between individual member countries of NATO at the time the report is submitted that are intended to result in a more effective assignment of military missions within NATO.

(b) The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall (1) conduct a review of the long-term strategic interests of the United States overseas and the future requirements for the assignment of members of the Armed Forces of the United States to permanent duty ashore outside the United States, and (2) determine specific actions that, if taken, would result in a more balanced sharing of defense and foreign assistance spending burdens by the United

110 U.S.C. 113 note.

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