Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to acquire by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, or exchange in accordance with the provisions of 35 (b) of the Act of July 15, 1958 (16 U.S.C. 4601-22 (Supp. V)), the land and interests in land, together with buildings and improvements thereon, located at, or in the vicinity of, 301 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania, together with such other lands and interests in land, including scenic easements, as the Secretary shall deem necessary for the administration of the area. The Secretary shall establish the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purpose of this Act.

SEC. 2. Pending establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site in accordance with the Act approved August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act approved August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 416 et seq.), as amended. SEC. 3. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act, not to exceed, however, $592, 000 for development of the area, plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctuations in construction costs as indicated by engineering cost indices applicable to the types of construction involved herein.

[S. 1973, 92d Cong.,.second sess.]

AN ACT To provide for the establishment of the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site in the State of Pennsylvania, and for other purposes

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, in order to preserve in public ownership the historically significant property associated with the life of Thaddeus Kosciuszko for the benefit and inspiration of the people of the United States, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to acquire by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, or exchange in accordance with the provisions of 35(b) of the Act of July 15, 1958 (16 U.S.C. 4601-22 (Supp. V)), the land and interests in land, together with buildings and improvements thereon, located at, or in the vicinity of, 301 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, together with such other lands and interests in land, including scenic easements, as the Secretary shall deem necessary for the administration of the area. The Secretary shall establish the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register at such time as he deems sufficient lands and interests in lands have been acquired for administration in accordance with the purpose of this Act.

SEC. 2. Pending establishment and thereafter, the Secretary shall administer lands and interests in lands acquired for the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site in accordance with the Act approved August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535; 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4), as amended and supplemented, and the Act approved August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C. 416 et seq.), as amended. SEC. 3. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act, not to exceed, however, $592,000 for development of the area, plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may be justified by reason of ordinary fluctiations in construction costs as indicated by engineering and cost indices applicable to the types of construction involved herein.

Passed the Senate March 28, 1972.
Attest:

FRANCIS R. VALEO,

Secretary.

Mr. TAYLOR. In the absence of objection, a copy of the departmental report of January 25, 1972, and the supplemental report of Sept. 6, 1972, will be made part of the record at this point. Hearing no objection, it is so ordered.

(The documents referred to follow :)

HON. WAYNE N. ASPINALL,

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, D.C., January 25, 1972.

Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,
House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: You have requested this Department to furnish your Committee with a report on H.R. 256, H.R. 657, H.R. 766, H.R. 811, H.R. 1169, and H.R. 1421, identical bills "To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site in the State of Pennsylvania and for other purposes." There are also pending before your Committee identical bills H.R. 6544, H.R. 7528, H.R. 7552, H.R. 11578, and similar bills H.R. 6827, H.R. 7513, H.R. 7517, H.R. 7763, H.R. 10566, and H.R. 11141.

We recommend against enactment of these bills.

The bills authorize the Secretary of the Interior to acquire the property designated as 301 Pine Street and/or 342 South Third Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and such adjacent land as may be necessary for administration of the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site.

At its Spring 1971 meeting the Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments, established by the Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666), to advise the Secretary of the Interior on historic sites, buildings, and objects of national significance, found that the house at the corner of South Third Street and Pine Street in Philadelphia failed to qualify as a memorial to Thaddeus Kosciuszko. The full recommendation of the Advisory Board follows: "The Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings and Monuments, at its 64th meeting in Washington, D.C., April 19-22, 1971, has considered the Thaddeus Kosciuszko House at 301 Pine Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a boarding house in the late 18th century, this building was the residence for six months in the winter of 1797-98 of Thaddeus Kosciuszko, the great Polish patriot and soldier whose genius as a military engineer contributed materially to the success of the American arms in the American Revolution. Apparently no other structure in the United States associated with Kosciuszko has survived. "The Advisory Board notes first, that Kosciuszko's association with this house lasted only six months; second, that the association occurred about fifteen years after the time of his principal significance in the U.S. history; and third, that the house has been greatly altered since Kosciuszko's residence there. For these reasons, the Advisory Board does not believe that the Thaddeus Kosciuszko house meets the criteria of national historical significance, and accordingly does not recommend it for designation as a National Historie landmark. "Although Thaddeus Kosciuszko was a figure of such significance in American history as to merit appropriate memorialization, the Advisory Board does not believe that the house at 301 Pine Street in Philadelphia possesses Kosciuszko associations of such strength and interpretive potential as to justify its restoration by the Federal Government. Accordingly, the Advisory Board does not recommend that the Department of the Interior support the proposals now being advanced to add this building to the National Park System."

Kosciuszko's short stay at the house at 301 Pine Street was about 20 years after the battle of Saratoga where he demonstrated his value as a military engineer, more than 17 years after he finished his assignment to fortify West Point, now the site of the U.S. Military Academy, and some 14 years after the treaty that ended the Revoluntary War.

This hero's memory is honored at the Saratoga National Historical Park. New York, by a monument on the battlefield. At West Point, there is a statue of him on the northeast corner of the parade ground: the military academy maintains a rock garden he developed there, and a plaque explains his contributions. In Washington. D.C., in Lafayette Park across Pennsylvania Avenue from the White House. a bronze standing figure of Kosciuszko rests on a granite pedestal. He is shown in Continental Army uniform and holding the fortification plans for Saratoga. This statue was erected by the Polish National Alliance of America and Polish American Citizens, under a 1904 Act of Congress.

We believe, therefore, that Thaddeus Kosciuszko has been memorolized in a fitting manner, and that to preserve a structure having so little association with the man and none at all with his accomplishments would constitute a lesser tribute to a great patriot than has already been bestowed.

The Office of Management and Budget has advised that there is no objection to the presentation of this report from the standpoint of the Administration's program.

Sincerely yours,

JOHN W. LARSON,

Assistant Secretary of the Interior.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Washington, D.C., September 6, 1972.

Hon. WAYNE N. ASPINALL,

Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Washington, D.C.

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This will supplement our report of January 25, 1972 on H.R. 256 and identical bills "To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site in the State of Pennsylvania, and for other purposes".

Our report, which was based on a finding by the Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments that the house at 301 Pine Street in Philadelphia did not meet the criteria of national historical significance, recommended against the enactment of the bills. Following submission of our report, it became evident at Senate hearings on S. 1973 and in discussions with those who favor enactment that the purpose of this legislation is not so much to recognize the historic significance of 301 Pine Street, but rather to provide for the establishment of an appropriate memorial to General Kosciuszko. It has also been determined that the site, together with improvements, would be donated to the Federal Government. Inasmuch as strong-historical associations are not a prerequisite to the establishment of a national memorial, as they are in the case of a national historic site, we believe it appropriate to establish a Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial at the Philadelphia site.

We therefore recommend the enactment of H.R. 256 or one of the identical bills, with the following amendments (keyed to H.R. 256) :

1. On page 1, revise lines 3 through 5 to read: "That, in order to provide for the development of a suitable memorial to General Thaddeus Kosciuszko, great Polish patriot and hero of the American revolution, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to"

2. On page 1, revise lines 6 and 7 to read: "acquire by donation or purchase with donated funds the property at the northwest corner of"

3. On page 2. lines 3 and 6, change "historic site" to "memorial".

4. On page 2, line 9, change "Home National Historic Site" to "National Memorial".

5. Revise the title to read: "To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial in the State of Pennsylvania, and for other purposes".

There are 21 national memorials in the National Park System, among them the Roger Williams National Memorial in Providence, Rhode Island, which was authorized by the Act of October 22, 1965; the Wright Brothers National Memorial in North Carolina, authorized by the Act of March 2, 1927, and the Johnstown Flood National Memorial, Pennsylvania, authorized by the Act of August 31, 1964. All are administered and developed by the National Park Service of this Department, and all were designated by the Congress in the exercise of its authority to determine what events and people, and at what locations, ought to be memoralized in the Nation's past.

Because the Pine Street site is to be donated by its private owner, there would be no acquisition cost to this Department. Development of the site is estimated to cost $592,000 based on January 1972 prices. In this connection, if the committee adopts a ceiling on appropriations for development, we recommend the adoption of an escalator clause to relate the authorization to costs at the time construction takes place.

Annual operation and maintenance costs are expected to be $83,100. A total of 5.9 man-years of permanent and no seasonal personnel will be employed. The site will be operated administratively as a part of Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia. A man-year and cost data statement is enclosed.

The Office of Management and Budget has advised that there is no objection to the presentation of this report from the standpoint of the Administration's program.

Sincerely yours,

NATHANIEL REED, Assistant Secretary of the Interior,

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE-INDEPENDENCE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK (THADDEUS KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL MEMORIAL)

ESTIMATED MAN-YEARS OF CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT AND EXPENDITURES FOR THE 1ST 5 YEARS OF PROPOSED NEW OR EXPANDED PROGRAMS

Mr. TAYLOR. We have several statements of several Congressmen who are interested in this bill. Many of them have introduced bills. In the absence of objection, these will be turned over to the counsel of the subcommittee to be placed in the record at the proper place. Hearing no objection, it is so ordered.

(The statements referred to follow :)

STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN MEIER, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF WISCONSIN

Mr. Chairman, it always is well for a country to look to its past and honor those who have played a major role in its history. As sponsor of H.R. 13508 which would designate the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home in Phildelphia as a National Historic Site, I believe the adoption of this legislation would accord proper and lasting recognition and status to a great man. Thaddeus Kosciuszko, who dedicated his life to the cause of American freedom and independence. The passion of Thaddeus Kosciuszko for liberty and justice brought him to the American shores in 1776, during the early stages of the War of Independence. His contribution to that great cause in training the Continental Army and his personal leadership of men were quickly recognized by General Washington. In the field of logistics and artillery, he was without equal in the Continental Army. His expertise as a military engineer was first demonstrated at the decisive battle of Saratoga in 1777, after which he was promoted to the rank of general. Later, Kosciuszko completed the construction of fortifications at West Point and he directed the military strategy which culminated in the final victory at Yorktown.

His contribution to our nation, however, was not limited to the field of battle. Following the Revolution, Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State, sent General Kosciuszko on a diplomatic mission to France to insure peace and harmony between the two nations.

For his unselfish service to our country, Kosciuszko received the official thanks of the Congress.

The legacy of Kosciuszko, however, would be incomplete without mention of his return to his native Poland which had been partitioned among her more powerful neighbors, Austria, Prussia and Russia. Kosciuszko's love for his homeland led him to raise a citizen army in an unsuccessful revolt against the rule of Czarist Russia.

Throughout the course of his life, Thaddeus Kosciuszko exhibited those qualities of unselfish dedication and persevering courage which have remained as the bedrock of human freedom. Because of his commitment to liberty and justice, Kosciuszko abhorred the slave system that existed in our young Republic, and he willed his estate to the cause of purchasing the freedom of enslaved Blacks in America. Thomas Jefferson, himself no stranger in opposition to oppression and tyranny, wrote of Kosciuszko, "He was as pure a son of liberty as I have ever known and of that liberty which is to go to all and not the few or to the rich alone."

Mr. Chairman, there is only one building in the United States where General Kosciuszko spent any time, his Pine Street residence in Philadelphia. As we approach the 200th anniversary of the struggle for independence, it is my judgment that in designating the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home as a National Historic Site, we will have preserved a monument to one of our Revolutionary heroes who fought courageously to secure freedom for all Americans.

STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES G. O'HARA, A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE STATE OF MICHIGAN

Mr. Chairman, I welcome this opportunity to present testimony in support of my bill, H.R. 7552, which would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Thaddeus Kosciuszko Home National Historic Site in the State of Pennsylvania.

As the Subcommittee is well aware, the Senate has already taken favorable action on a companion bill, which means that we stand closer today, than at any time in the long history of our nation, to paying proper tribute to a man who has often been called the "hero of two worlds"-a man who fought for both American and Polish independence.

Our notion virtually on the threshold of its 200th birthday. And if ever there was a time when we should pause and reflect on the contributions made by those who helped us achieve American independence, it is now. Particularly, we should consider some lasting memorial to one of the greatest of America's revolutionary heroes-Thaddeus Kosciuszko. Here was a man who volunteered his services to the Continental Congress during the Revoluntary War, was commissioned a Colonel in the Army Engineers, and was responsible for the construction of the famous fortifications at Saratoga and West Point.

No student of the American Revolution has ever questioned the enormous contribution which Thaddeus Kosciuszko made to the success of the Continental Army. No student of miltiary history has ever questioned the fact that Kosciuszko was probably the greatest fortification expert of his own time, and perhaps of all times. Yet, down through the years, we have failed to place his contributions in their proper perspective, so that all Americans could recognize how much the success of our arms depended on the brilliance of his mind. Republics are notoriously ungrateful, Mr. Chairman. To paraphrase Thomas Paine, in the aftermath of war we all too often are history's "sunshine soldiers." It is unfortunate that our Republic has been particularly ungrateful in terms of paying deserved tribute to Thaddeus Kosciuszko. It would be unfortunate in any event, given the brilliance of the man and the size of his contribution to our Revolution. It is particularly unfortunate, when one considers that Thaddeus Kosciuszko was the forerunner of millions of Polish-Americans who, by their skill, hard work and patriotism, have contributed so much to this country's development.

My own State of Michigan, for example, is the home of hundreds of thousands of Americans of Polish descent. It also is the center of some of the great Polish institutions of learning in the world-among them Orchid Lake Center of Polish Studies and Culture. Distinguished scholars in my State, along with others, are in the process of a most exhaustive study of the wellsprings of Polish culture, particularly as it relates to the early history of the United States.