12 FINE ARTS. Royal Academy Exhibition. Four Studies of Heads, E. V. Rippingille, 287, et seq., from the size and situation are likely to be overlooked, but well deserve notice for their remarkable expression and truth. The No. 288 is especially excellent and life-breathing. Disturbed by the Night Mare, No. 308, is a very clever humorous piece, by the unfortunate Mr. Theodore Lane, who met his death in so dreadful a manner last week. His 'Enthusiasm,' in the water-colour exhibition, is even a more felicitous attempt than the one before us. Portrait of a Lady, W. E. West, No. 313, is a very highly-finished picture of a very beautiful subject, treated in a manner new, fanciful, and elegant. Scene in the Highlands, with the Portraits of the Duchess of Bedford, the Duke of Gordon, and Lord Alexander Russell, E. Landseer, A., No. 352, is a very clever painting, remarkable for its variety of touch and freedom from mannerism. The game and animals are in Mr. Landseer's best style. Venus, the Evening Star, No. 357, W. Etty, R. A. Elect, is an excellently painted picture, but more creditable to the power of the artist's pencil, than to his taste in design. The figure exhibits the same contempt for the beau ideal which we had occasion to remark in Mr. Etty's exhibited works in the British Institution. Does Mr. Etty draw, and Mr. Lough model, from the same subject? Portrait of the Viscountess Eastnor, Mrs. W. Carpenter, No. 366, is a very elegant and interesting portrait, with a peculiar expression of happy pensiveness, given with singular feeling the delicacy of the hands is remarkable; the colouring, of the flesh especially, as is too usual with Mrs. Carpenter's productions, is wanting in tone. In the Ante-Room, the chief attractions are all on one side. These are the works of Sir Thomas Lawrence, Mr. Bonnington, and Mr. Landseer. The Grand Canal, with the Church of La Vergine del la Salute Venice, No. 470, R. P. Bonnington, is a free, spirited, and effective picture. The subject is after Canaletti, and it is no little praise to Mr. Bonnington to say, that his performance reminds us of that artist's works, without giving cause to regret him. Portrait of a Terrier, the property of Owen Williams, Esq., M.P., E. Landseer, is capitally executed. The animal is, every inch of him, alive. The President's Portrait of the Earl of Eldon we have already noticed. There seems no love lost between Mr. Glover and the Royal Academy. He disdains to send his best performances to their exhibition, and they are above coaxing him by assigning his works their best places. No. 403, The Upper Lake of Killarney, taken from St. Rhonayne's Island, and View in the Alps, not far from St. Maurice, tates the wild extravagancies which the sublimest genius would barely excuse. nounce its completion and publication: and its very superior excellence happily confirms all the eulogy bestowed upon it on that occasion. The subject of the print is well known as exhibiting the extremes of fierceness and timidity in two school-boys, one of whom is threatening, and the other shrinking from, his violence; while an infant girl, having dropped her books in alarm, is hastening to the scarcely less agitated mother, who rushes out to effect a separation of the boys,-in whom the characteristics of the Wolf and the Lamb are made apparent in every feature, limb, and muscle. The whole of the picture is full of interest; and the engrav Mr. Wilkins presents us with some views of his buildings at Cambridge, most beautifully drawn by Mackenzie. The London University is a good and clever design, with the exception of its three wretched domes, which we feel confident will even look worse in execution than they do in the drawing. Mr. Wilkins also exhibits a Design for the rebuilding of St. George's Hospital, which will add considerably to the already splendid architectural effect of Hyde Park Corner. The perspective sketch of this design is extremely clever, but the elevation of the wings is not free from objec-ing, which is in the line manner, is in the very highest tion. Mr. Wilkins may have classical authority for his central antæ, but we cannot think their application The best perat all happy in the instance before us. formance of Mr. Wilkins is No. 1003, Design for a Mansion at Bylaugh, Norfolk. It is a most successful imitation of the style of Inigo Jones, and has all the dignity and character of a truly English mansion. Mr. Donaldson has only presented us with one small design-4 Monument to Mr. Canning. It is, however, a charming composition, worthy of the best days of Rome, and free from the paltry affectation of Greek, daily exhibited by our plasterers and carpenters. Mr. Parke, who contributed so splendidly to the two last exhibitions, has enriched this also with two beautiful drawings. The first is a Design for an Entrance to a City, in which he has attempted to unite Grecian and Egyptian architecture. While we admire the genius which prompted the attempt, we think the performance less happy than Mr. Parke's previous efforts. The View of the Temple in Nubia, near Kardassy, by the same artist, is one of the most beautiful drawings we ever beheld; we consider it the perfection of art, and most cordially congratulate Mr. Parke on his success. Lansdown Town, Bath, No. 1014, erected for William Beckford, Esq., is a very remarkable composition, and has considerable picturesque effect. It is, evidently, the creation of an extraordinary mind, and proceeds, we believe, from the highly-talented possessor himself. The drawing is extremely beautiful. The Campanile at Florence, is a very chilling performance, and can scarcely be believed to be the work of one who has ever felt the influence of the sunny sky of Italy. Sketch of the Second best Staircase in a Palace, No. 1026. If this be only the second best, what must be the best one? In that, Mr. Gandy, of course, surpasses himself. The West and South Sides of Belgrave Square, is a fine drawing of a design, in which there is very considerable merit. We rejoice that Mr. Bassevi has so excellent an opportunity of displaying his taste, and congratulate him that he has avoided the architectural affectations of the day. Two views of The alterations at Drummond Castle, are very beautiful drawings, and afford us additional 433, are nevertheless quite recognisable as the produc-proofs of Mr. Barry's very superior knowledge of tions of Mr. Glover's pencil. The architectural designs form a very important and interesting portion of the Exhibition, more especially in these piping times of peace, when architecture appears to be meeting with gradually increasing encouragement, and, in some classes of society at least, becomes every day better understood and appreciated. The Library has always been appropriated to the exhibition of designs in this art. In some crowded seasons, a stray portrait or two may have taken possession of several square feet of the walls, to the exclusion of the performances of more than one embryo Sir Christopher; but, this year, no such unlawful invasion of long-possessed rights and privileges has taken place, and the walls are hung with designs sufficient to adorn the most mighty empire, and to ruin the most opulent state. The first subject, in point of size and importance, is a National Waterloo Monument, by P. F. Robinson, a clever and showy composition, but wanting the sublimity commensurate with the subject. The drawing is exceedingly spirited, and the whole bespeaks a masterhand. The Professor's designs are next. They abound in the extravagancies, ingenious whims, and conceited oddities, which pervade, more or less, all his performances, and imbue them with so meretricious a character. All the designs here exhibited are comprised in Mr. Soane's publication, which we have recently had occasion to notice. We shall here content ourselves with cautioning the student, while he admires the brilliant invention and fancy of the worthy Professor, to beware how he imi Gothic architecture. We are already indebted to this highly-talented architect for the most successful Gothic structures of the present day; and we are quite sure that his works at Drummond Castle will augment the fame he already enjoys. There are several other very clever and admirable designs in the room, which our space will not allow us to particularize; and we are not saying too much in avowing the opinion, that the Library contains the best and most meritorious portion of the exhibition. We regret only to see so few performances from the portfolios of those architects who have travelled, and whom we know to be possessed of such valuable stores from Italy, Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and Egypt. We cannot help desiring, that these architects would make known to the public of the result of their labours, not only by exhibiting views of the places they have visited, but by taking at once the highest branch of their profession, and giving us restorations of the splendid monuments of antiquity. ENGRAVINGS. The Wolf and the Lamb. Painted by W. Mulready, R.A., and Engraved by John H. Robinson. Published by Moon, Boys, and Greaves, under the immediate superintendance of the Committee of the Artists' Fund. London, 1828. We took occasion to advert to this splendid Engraving, in a former Number, when it was in progress of execution. We have now, however, the pleasure to an class of art. What gives a great additional interest and value to this production, and establishes for it a very strong claim to the general patronage of the friends of Art, is the fact, that Mr. Mulready, the painter [of the original, has most munificently given over to the Artists' Benevolent Fund all the profits that may arise from the copyright of the engraving, which are already estimated at one thousand pounds,-the most splendid donation that the Artists' Fund ever received, and one that does the donor infinite honour.. We were present at the late anniversary dinner of the Artists' Fund Society, when Lord Lyndhurst announced this fact from the chair; and the enthusiastic acclamations with which it was received by the numerous and brilliant assemblage of the principal artists and amateurs of the country, showed how highly the gift was appreciated. We should add, that the Čommittee of Management, having determined that the Work should do honour to their cause, have undertaken to inspect every impression that is issued, and to permit no imperfect ones to go out; so that purchasers may be assured, not only of having a very excellent engraving from a very masterly picture, but also a fine impression, which, we regret to say, is more difficult than persons unacquainted with those matters. would imagine to be generally obtained. View in the Transept of Ely Cathedral; and View in the Chapel of Henry VII., in the Abbey Church, Westminster. From Drawings by C. Wild. Published by R. Jennings, Poultry. London, 1828. THESE to rich and imposing representations of two as interesting architectural views as the whole range of our Gothic specimens could furnish, form part of the series now publishing of the principal Ecclesiastical Edifices of England. Independently of the intrinsic interest and beauty of the original scenes or views. themselves, their execution is of sufficient merit to create a new source of pleasure. They are boldly, yet accurately, drawn, richly and even gorgeously coloured,. and the tints so softly and harmoniously blended, as to resemble closely original drawings; so much so, indeed, that, mounted as they are, it requires the eye of an experienced connoisseur to perceive the difference.. We do not know any series of Views, now in course of publication, more calculated to please generally than this interesting and valuable collection of architectural beauties. A Selection of the most remarkable and interesting off the Fishes found on the Coasts of Ceylon, from Drawings made in the Southern parts of that Island from the Living Specimens. By John Whitchurcht Bennett, Esq., F.R.S., and Member of the Literary and Agricultural Society of Ceylon. No. I., 4to, 1. 1s. Longman and Co. London, 1828. THIS is the commencement of a work intended to be completed in Six Numbers, each containing five plates, which will be fac-similes, in colours, of the orig mak drawings, accompanied by letter-press descripticis ; to be continued monthly till finished. The fine prints. contained in this are such as, we think, will induce all who take up the first Number to desire the remainiler; as, on a comparison of the Work with the Prospectus, we find what is not always the case, the publication realising all that had been promised. We shall do no more than justice to both author and reader, by transcribing the principal portions of the document referred to: 'It has often been remarked, that no part of natural history has received so little attention, and is conse quently so little known, as the fourth class of animals. in the Linnean system. Ceylon abounds with fishes, not less beautiful in appearance than they are, for the most part, delicious as food; and of which neither drawing nor description has ever yet been submitted to the public. In the works of Knox, Percival, Cordiner, Bertolacci, or Davy, on Ceylon, the reader would look in vain for any thing in the shape of information as to the ichthyology of that important island. The plates of this work will be accurate fac-similes of the original drawings, all of which have been made from the living fish. Several of these specimens are so extraordinary, that they might be taken for mere creatures of the artist's imagination; but they will be accompanied by a certificate from the head men of the Fishers' Caste, affirming them to be correct delineations. From ocular demonstration and comparison, the author has reason to believe, that, for his celebrated work on 66 Fishes," "Bloch made his drawings, in many instances, from subjects, after life had been for some time extinct. Such is the case particularly in regard to the Zeus Vomer, Balistes Vetula, Balistes Tomentosus, Chaetodon Curacoa, Chaetodon Vagabundus, Scorpæna antennata, &c. &c. The descriptive portion of the work will combine such local information as the author has been able to collect, with so much as can be gleaned from preceding writers on the subject. The Cingalese name of each specimen will be given, together with the Linnean, wherever it can be obtained. 'The author refers to the subjoined document, and to the list of most respectable subscribers who have patronised his work in the island of Ceylon itself, as the strongest evidence of its authenticity and interest, and of the opinion entertained of this undertaking on the spot where its value can be most correctly appreciated. "We have only to add, that this list is both long and respectable; and we cannot doubt the very general success of the undertaking. Outlines from the Ancients. Etched by T. C. Lewis, with descriptions by G. Cumberland, Esq., dedicated by permission to Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A. Septimus Prowett. London, 1828. WE have before us, the two first Numbers of this work, which is intended to consist of eighty engravings, with an Introductory Essay by the author, and critical descriptions, to be completed in four Numbers, or Parts, containing twenty etchings, price fifteen shillings, in imperial octavo. The whole work is expected to be finished on the 1st of August. It would be difficult to make any selection of outlines really taken from the Ancients, that should not be both instructive and interesting; so that the design, if executed with but tolerable skill, would still be worth patronising. The two Numbers before us contain forty subjects, amongst which are some that are not so well executed as they might have been, though there are others well done, and such as recommend themselves by the mere force of their intrinsic interest. Generally speaking, however, there is a want of firmness in the outlines; in which respect they are inferior to Baxter's work of the same description, published some years ago. There is this recommendation, however, that the Second Part, both in choice of subject and manner of treatment, is superior to the First; and, considering the price, 31. 3s. for the whole Series of Eighty Engravings, it would be unreasonable to expect more labour to be bestowed on them than is indispensable to mere accuracy of outline, which, we think, is generally attained. The Right Honourable Countess of Sheffield, Engraved by F. A. Dean, from a Picture by J. Jackson, R. A. Colnaghi. London, 1828. THIS exquisite print, of which proofs only are selling separately by the Publisher named, is, we understand, to appear in the June Number of La Belle Assemblee,' to which it cannot fail to be a very powerful recommendation. Independently of the soft and feminine loveliness of the distinguished lady whose portrait it represents, there is, as a mere work of art, so much grace and beauty in the composition and drawing of the picture, and such skill in the highwrought finish of the Engraving, that it is impossible to look on it without admiration. Portia and Bassanio. Drawn on Stone by J. D. Hard ing, from a Picture by H. P. Briggs, 4. R. A. Ackermanu. London, 1828. LITHOGRAPHY is making rapid improvement every day. The specimen before us approaches very nearly to aqua tinta of the ordinary standard in general effect. The moment chosen by the Artist is that in which Bassanio is about to decide his fate by preferring one of the three caskets, placed before him for his choice; on opening one of which he exclaims, What find Í here?-Fair Portia's counterfeit!' NEW MUSIC. Part of a Sinfonia, by Beethoven, arranged as a Duet for the Piano-Forte, by William Crotch, Mus. Doc., Professor of Music in the University of Oxford, and Principal of the Royal Academy of Music, London. Harmonic Institution. 4s. THIS is a clever and desirable adaptation of the remarkable, effective, and yet eccentric, allegretto movement in Beethoven's 7th sinfonia, op. 92, which was encored on its performance at the sixth Philharmonic Concert this season. The learned Doctor's arrangement is (as might be expected) as good as possible; and, for music of the first class, will not be found at all difficult of execution. He follows the principal movement by a short sketch of the vivace, (in A 6-8 time,) which precedes it in the sinfonia. Andante con Variazioni for the Piano-Forte; composed and dedicated to J. B. Cramer, by his Friend, D'Schlesinger. Op. 8. Cramer and Co. 3s. THIS is also the first work of the above composer that has been sent to us; and presents a favourable specimen of genius, talent, and excellent musical education. The thema is a very short, but well modulated, morceaux' of harmony, (in A flat 2-4 time;) and the eight variations present music of the first class, but requiring a good pianiste to do them justice; it will, however, repay the practice necessarily requisite. Schlesinger is a performer of high rank upon the piano-forte, and played a difficult concerto of Hummel's at the first Philharmonic Concert last year. 'Sweet to thy Slumbers away! A Ballad written and composed by J. A. Wade, Esq. Latour. 2s. A PLEASING trifle of Moore's school, gallant and gay,' easy of performance, and within the compass of line, the octave F in the first space, and that on the fifth We have not the pleasure of acquaintance with Mr. Wade, or his peculiar rank in society, but as, from the number of his writings and compositions, (and having had a benefit concert,) he must evidently be considered a musical professor, we are at a loss to know why, upon all occasions, he has Esquire added to his name, more especially than any other writer of words, and exclusive from all composers of music. Illustrative of this, we may mention, that on the last page of the song is a catalogue of vocal pieces published by Latour, and in which appear the names of near a score of popular composers, out of which list of plain unvarnished J.s, W.s, R.s, &c., stands always conspicuously J. Augustine Wade, Esq.! The very clever and admired writer we have noticed at the head of this article, is frequently denominated Tom Moore,' and we never remember to have seen any compositions of W. A. Mozart, Esq. We should feel obliged by an explanation of this. Dressler's Selection of Beauties, with Embellishments for the Flute. Dedicated to Amateurs. (No. 3.) Cocks and Co. 3s. AGREEABLY to promise, we notice the Third Number of this pleasing little work, which contains the following judicious selection of desirable pieces, viz.-No. I., 'Poor Mary Anne,' the favourite Welsh melody, embellished by R. Dressler. No. 2, 'Non piu mesta,' an Aria in Rossini's Cenerentola, arranged by W. Forde. No. 3, My lodging is on the cold ground,' with four showy variations by Dressler. No. 4, O Nanny!' also with similar variations. No. 5, Haydn's God preserve the Emperor.' No. 6, Rossini's Polacca Finale, from Il Barbiere,' arranged as a duet for two Flutes, by Berbiguier. And, No. 7, a pleasing Portuguese Air, with embellishments. Com A Grand March and Finale for the Piano Forte. posed, and respectfully inscribed to the Hon. Societies of the Temple, by George Warne, Organist of the Temple Church. Published by the Author. 2s. A short largo in E flat (in the unusual time of 12-8) introduces a clever and spirited March in the same key, in which the composer (with the best intention) has been so desirous to well define for the performer the proper punctuation and character, that he has set out and divided the quavers and semiquavers, &c., from each other, in such a peculiar manner, as to make it appear like vocal music divested of the words, `and thereby added considerably to the difficulty of reading it, especially by the multitude. The whole, however, is a specimen of the propriety of modulation, and general good taste, evinced in all Warne's writings, and is a very pleasing production of its class. Home, sweet Home! a celebrated Air, with Variations for the Violoncello; and Isabel,' a celebrated Spanish Air, with similar Variations, both having Accompaniments for a Bass. By John Peile. Published singly by Goulding and Co., each 2s. To all amateurs of the violoncello, these arrangements must be exceedingly acceptable, so few pieces for that instrument being published. They are expressly well adapted, and not very difficult, hence will be found also of especial service to teachers. They are both in the familiar key of D, and very clear and perspicuons. PHRENOLOGY, Let no man condemn a science he does not understand.' DEWBURST To the Editor of the Athenæum. SIR,-The subject of Phrenology has recently been discussed at the Westminster Medical Society, being brought forward by Dr. Epps, who laid before the members a brief but concise history of the science in question, together with a description of the doctrines laid down by Drs. Gall and Spurzheim; and, notwithstanding a strong opposition made by several members, general opponents, we perceive that the majority of it appeared to gain considerable ground. Among its them are ignorant of the fundamental principles of this science, or are only acquainted with such a knowledge as to enable them to turn it into ridicule. Phrenologists not unfrequently find their opponents entirely ignorant of the structure of the brain, anatomically as well as phrenologically,-ignorant of the formation of the bones of the skull upon the fœtal brain, and deny the plurality of organs, which has been revived by Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, having been known to the ancient philosophers for centuries past. If it is not Phrenology that has aided philosophers of the present day in ascribing accurately the true functions of the brain, and, what is more important, of pointing out the seat of disease in many of the mental maladies we are subject to ;-if it is not this science, I will ask the opponents of Phrenology what it is? Again, through the researches of Drs. Gall and Spurheim, we become better acquainted with the true anatomy of the brain and nervous system, and this has turned the attention of medical practitioners to attempt the cure of cases of insanity, and in many instances with success. Let the opponents of Phrenology recollect that this interesting science is yet in its infancy, and that it is not uncommon to find an opposition to any new doctrine that may be broached, whereby mankind may be benefited. When that illus trious physician, Vesalius, pointed out the errors of Galen, he was assailed, ill-treated, and even personally injured by the Spanish Inquisition. When our countryman, Dr. William Harvey, discovered the true circula tion of the blood, his theories were denied, and be was assailed with the most vituperative language that could be uttered against him, by anatomists and philosophers, both at home and abroad; but what was the consequence? These eminent men soon found, that only a short time was required to prove the truth of their assertions. So it is with Phrenology. The time, I trust, is not far distant, when phrenology will be generally studied as a branch of medical education; when the brain will be phrenologically dissected, (and here let me observe, it is the only true mode of ascertaining its structure;) and when professors of Phrenology will be appointed in every University and Academic Insti tution throughout Great Britain. H. W. D. This phrase is used here to signify the mode usually adopted of dissecting the brain, by anatomists of the present day. 7 was particularly excited by a truly beautiful passage, To the Editor of the Athenæum. THE BLIND Bookseller of Augsbourg. SIR,-In perusing, the other day, an octavo volume, Perhaps one of the greatest curiosities in the city of lately published by Hunt and Clarke, under the title of Augsbourg is a bookseller, of the name of Wimprecht,The Rev. C. Judkin's Oriental Mission,' my attention who had the misfortune to be born blind, but whose enterprising spirit has enabled him to struggle successfully against the melancholy privations he was doomed to sustain, and to procure, by his industry and intelligence, a respectable and comfortable support for a large family dependent upon him. His library consists of more than eight thousand volumes, which are, of course, frequently subject to change and renewal ; but, as soon as he acquires a new stock, the particulars of each book are read to him by his wife, and his discrimination permits him to fix its value; his touch, to recognise it at any period, however distant, and his memory, never fails him in regard to its arrangement in his shop. His readiness to oblige, his honesty, and information on books in general, has procured him a large custom; and, under such extraordinary natural disadvantages, he has become a useful, and haply will render himself a wealthy member of the society to which he belongs. SALE OF PIctures. The lovers of the Fine Arts will find much to admire in a magnificent collection of Italian, Dutch, and Flemish paintings, to be sold by Mr. Phillips of Bond. street, on Saturday next. Having been admitted to a private view of this splendid collection, we owe it as a duty to our readers, to indicate to them where they may receive the same high gratification. LIVERY SEISIN. Two men of the village of Berney, in the Department of the Loire, had very recently a dispute on their respective rights to a small piece of marshy ground; one claiming a moiety, the other totality. Two experts were summoned, and the litigants argued their respective claims with the utmost energy. He who demanded a half, was a grenadier; while the other was of a middling stature; but, notwithstanding the latter's disparity in point of size, his tongue was far the more active of the two. The grenadier, at last, vexed and wearied with the discussion, exclaimed, taking his opponent in his arms, 'If you will have it, take it;' at the same time, putting him in possession, by lodging him up to his neck in the bog, where he left him to speculate at his leisure on the nature of his property, and profit by his lesson in this novel practice of the law. Preston surely could not have made a more effectual conveyance of the soil. LA FAYETTE. LA FAYETTE has greatly disappointed the Parisians, who are eager for interest and excitement, and with whom, since the marriage of Mademoiselle Lafitte, funerals have again come into fashion. Poets and the schools of law and medicine, and the gendarmerie, with the Chamber of Deputies, were all on the qui vive; the bow-string of expectation was strung tight, but has suddenly relaxed, with a twang that has (to speak truth) more of sorrow than of joy in it; for there was nothing to substitute for the promised pleasures of Père La Chaise, and all Paris would have sunk into the very lowest depths of despair, had not the trial of Constance and her husband, and the hoped-for appearance of Mademoiselle Mars in open court, been at the moment announced, and La Fayette was, of course, as instantly forgotten. The old gentleman seems content to live on, until Savary's Memoirs shall have had their day; and when M. Bossange is wholly at leisure, and no other public event occupies the minds of his compatriots, perhaps he may condesceud to die. While lying on the sick bed, and supposed by his physicians to be asleep, one of the latter observed to a colleague, that the Parisians were all furnishing themselves with the uniform of the National Guards to attend his funeral.' La Fayette was, however, awake, and, turning to them, observed, Au moins l'on ne m'accusera pas d'être de cette conspiration.' ANECDOTE. 'What possible utility can there be in Lords and ?'observed an ancient Croaker, a few days since, to his friend. To be made Lords Privy Seal and President, to be sure,' replied the latter. This puts us in mind of the answer of Brindley, the engineer of the Duke of Bridgewater, on his Grace's demanding, Why Providence had accorded so many and such fine rivers in England?' For the supply of canals, undoubtedly, your Grace,' observed the man of science. I am sorry to add, that this is not the only instance belong to neither of the above classes, I confidently To the Editor of the Athenæum. last: M. A.: Rev. R. Skinner, Sidney College. B. A.: T. Bond and E. Holland, Trinity College.-H. Roper, At the same Congregation, the title of Professor of Political Another Grace has also been passed, to permit Masters of Arts to leave Strangers in the Fitzwilliam Museum while engaged there. The Regulations for B. A. degree Examinations proposed in the Syndic Report of March 27, 1828, have been confirmed. Phosphorus,' the name of the original, I have translated LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. In the course of the month of June will be published, in an Imperial 4to. volume, with numerous engravings, 'Buddhuism,' illustrated from original manuscripts of its Doctrine, Metaphysics, and Philosophy; accompanied by forty-three Engravings, lithographed from the Cingalese originals, demonstrative of their Scheme of the Universe and the Personal Attributes of the Buddhoo; also, Notices of the Planetary or Bali Incantations of the Demon Worship still existing in that Island. By Edward Upham, Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, F. S.A. The Second Number of the Picturesque Tour of the River Thames will appear in June. In the course of the present month, in 2 vols., 8vo., Recollections of a Service of Three Years during the War of Extermination in the Republics of Venezuela and Colombia.' By an Officer of the Colombian Navy. The Life and Times of Archbishop Laud,' by John P. Lawson, M. A., is preparing for publication, in one volume 8vo. The Rev. Richard Warner will shortly publish an edition of the Book of Psalms, according to the authorized version, with Practical Reflections and Notes, in one octavo volume. In the press, in 8vo., The Casket;' a Miscellany, consisting of Original Poems, by some of the best living Authors. Captain Geo. Beauclerk, 10th Infantry, who, with another Officer of the Garrison of Gibraltar, accompanied Dr. Brown, in July 1826, on a Medical Mission to the Sultan of Morocco, is about to publish an account of his travels, and of his residence at the Capital of that Empire, under the title of a 'Jour. ney to Morocco.' NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED DURING THE WEEK. Jardine's Index, making the 34th vol. to the State Trials, royal Luby's Introductory Treatise to Physical Astronomy, 8vo., 128. 10s. The Art of Tying the Cravat, third edition, 18mo., 3s. Fuller on Communion, 1 2mo., 4s. 6d. Tales and Sketches, by Jacob Ruddiman, M.A., post 8vo., 10s. 6d. Voltaire's Charles XII., French, new edition, revised by Catty, 12mo., 4s. The Waverley Dramas, 2 vols., 24 mo., 11s. Sankay's Rhymes on Geography and History, 12mo., 2s. 6d. Impey's Stamp Acts, second edition, 12mo., 7s. 6d. The Bacchd. and Heraclidd. of Euripides, in English prose, from Tytler's History of Scotland, vol. 1. 8vo., 128. Rennie on the Gout, Apoplexy, Paralysis, and Disorders of the Alcock's Descriptions of the Principal Hospitals of Paris, with Bailey's Exposition of the Parables, 8vo., 14s. A Companion for the Visitor at Brussels, fc. 8vo., 4s. 6d. Sermons on Christianity, new edition, 12mo., 3s. D'Israeli's Life and Reign of Charles I., King of England, 2 vols., The Missionary Gazetteer, by Charles Williams, 12mo., 8s. New Week's Preparation, 2 parts, each 2s. Auldjo's Ascent of Mount Blanc, 4to., 21s. Smith's Compendium Floræ Britannicæ, fifth edition, 12mo., Edinburgh Medical-Chirurgical Transactions, vol. 3, part 1, 12s. Blunt's Eight Lectures, 12mo., 4s. 6d. Jewsbury's Letters to the Young, fc., 6s. Vaughan's Life of Wycliffe, 2 vols., 8vo., 21s. Forsyth's First Lines of Philosophical and Practical Chemistry, 12mo., 8s. MA ADDOX-STREET GALLERY, opposite St. George's Church, Hanover Square.-AN EXHIBITION of PICTURES by the GREAT MASTERS is open daily, from 10 till 6 o'clock. The GRAND FRESCOS, by PAUL VERONESE, from the Soranza Palace, are on View at this Gallery; together with some of the finest works of CLAUDE LORRAIN and RICHARD WILSON.-Admittance ls. This day is published, in 8vo., price 12s., and in 4to., on India paper, price 17. 18., WENTY-TWO ENGRAVINGS, (accompa JULIUS CÆSAR, and ANTONY and CLEOPATRA, being No. VII. of the SPIRIT of the PLAYS of SHAKSPEARE a Series of Outline Plates, exhibiting the Story of each Play, Drawn and Engraved by FRANK HOWARD, and Dedicated, with permission, to Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A. London: printed for T. Cadell, Strand, (Bookseller to the Royal Academy ;) C. and J. Rivington, St. Paul's Churchyard, and Waterloo-place, Pall-Mall; Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, Paternoster-row; and J. Booker, New Bond-street. To be had also of Mr. F. Howard, No. 5, Newman-street, Oxfordstreet. **The Preceding Numbers may had separately. No. VIII., containing The Merchant of Venice,' will be published on the the 1st of June. WILD'S ENGLISH CATHEDRALS. THE SUBSCRIBERS are respectfully informVIIth's CHAPEL are now ready for Delivery, where may be had Two Views of York Cathedral, Interior and Exterior; also shortly will be published, King's College Chapel, Cambridge, and Oxford Cathedral. The Prints are carefully coloured and moanted; size, 11 inches by 15. Price 11. 1s. each. FENNER'S ATLAS. On the 1st of June will be published, A POCKET ATLAS, embodying a complete Set of Maps, Tustrative of Modern and Ancient Geography: engraved, in Eighty Plates, by REST FENNER. Price, coloured, 17. 118. 6d., plain, 1. 1s., neatly half-bound: either Series may be had separate,-Modern, coloured, 17. 18., plain, 148.-Ancient, coloured, 12s., plain, 9s. It will be found to be the most perfect, compact, and economical Atlas ever offered to the Public. London: Robert Jennings, 2. Poultry. MR. TURNER'S VIEWS IN YORKSHIRE. A SERIES OF JTME. TURNER, Esq., R.A. Frecu ted in the very best style of the art, by the most celebrated Engravers. Size of each Plate, 13 inches long by 11 high. Price 57. 58. the complete set on French paper, or 107. 10s. on India, and any Plate is sold separate. **A List of the subjects, with the names of the Engravers, may be had (gratis) on application to the Publishers, Moon, Boys, and Graves, Printsellers to the King, 6, Pall-Mall; F. G. Moon, 20, Threadneedle-street. Of whom also may be had, and 1. COLOGNE ON THE RHINE; a most superb specimen of Engraving, by GOODALL, after a Drawing by Mr. Turner. Size, 21 inches by 16 high. From the extreme delicacy of this Plate, there were no Prints taken, and after a very limited number of Proofs, the Plate was totally destroyed. French Proofs, price 27. 12s. 6d., or on India Paper, before the letters, 31. 13s. 6d. 2. OLD LONDON BRIDGE and VICINITY; beautifully engraved by GoODALL, after a most interesting Drawing by Mr. Tunner, of a Structure which will shortly disappear. Size, 14 inches by 10 high. Prints, 78. 6d.; Proofs, 158.; before Letters, 218. This day is published, in two Volumes svo., illustrated with a Map and Engravings, price 21s., boards, RESEARCHES in SOUTH AFRICA; illustrating the Civil, Moral, and Religious Condition of the Native Tribes; including Journals of the Author's Travels in the Interior, together with detailed Accounts of the Progress of the Christian Missions, exhibiting the influence of Christianity in promoting Civilization. By the Rev. JOHN PHILIP, D.D., Superintendent of the Missions of the London Missionary Society at the Cape of Good Hope, &c. &c. A very interesting Work, entitled, "Researches in South Africa, &c.," has just been given to the public by Dr. Philip, Superintendent of the London Missionary Society Missions to the Cape. It is full of valuable information respecting the progress made by the Missionaries in instructing and civilizing the Hottentots, Bushmen, and Caffres, and presents a view of the characters of these People very different from that which those interested in degrading them have falsely attributed to them. Whosoever wishes to obtain accurate and authentic information on the latter point, may turn, with confidence, to this publication.'-Times, April 24. 'We recommend Dr. Philip's work to every one interested in the important questions which he examines, whether they agree with or are adverse to him.'-Literary Gazette, 17th May, 1828. This is the most important Work connected with the Colonial Policy and Coloured Population of the British Empire which has come before us since we commenced our Review. It ought to be carefully perused by every friend of humanity, who desires to promote the spread of liberty, civilization, and true religion, over the world.'-London Weekly Review, April 26. London; printed for James Duncan, Paternoster Row, HE EXHIBITION OF PORTRAITS of the. THE OF TORY, from the Galleries of the Nobility, and from Public Collections, is now open at Messrs. HARDING and LEPARD'S, No. 4, Pall Mall East. Admittance by Tickets only, which may be had on application as above. R. MONTGOMERY, Esq. HE IMPERIAL MAGAZINE for June TH928, Portrait (taken expressly for, this Work) and a Memoir of R. MONTGOMERY, Esq., Author of The Omnipresence of the Deity,' &c. &c. Published by H. Fisher, Son, and Co., 38, Newgate-st., London. The following Works are just ready for publication, by HENRY COLBURN, 8, New Burlington-street. THE HE POETICAL WORKS of THOMAS CAMPBELL, Esq., elegantly printed in 2 vols., post 8vo., with a Portrait by Barnet, after Sir Thomas Lawrence, 18s. MEMOIRS of the LIFE and REIGN of CHARLES I. By J. D'ISRAELI. 2 vols. 8vo. A Second Edition, in Quarto, of LORD LONDONDERRY'S HISTORY of the PENINSULAR WAR. JOURNAL of an EMBASSY from the GOVERNOR-GENERAL of INDIA to the COURTS of SIAM and COCHIN CHINA. By J. CRAUFURD, Esq., late Envoy. In 1 vol.. 4to., with Plates. NOTIONS of the AMERICANS: picked up by a Travelling Bachelor. 2 vols., 8vo. The Octavo Edition of THE MEMOIRS OF GRANVILLE SHARP. BY PRINCE HOARE. 2 vols. The English Translation of the MEMOIRS of the DUKE of ROVIGO, (M. Savary.) 1 vol. NEW AND POPULAR ELEMENTARY WORKS BY INGRAM COBBIN, M.A. LEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY, on a New adapted to the Capacities of Young Children, and designed for Preparatory Schools. Illustrated with Maps, engraved by Mr. SYDNEY HALL, and numerous cuts, neatly half-bound, price 2s. 6d. 2. ELEMENTS of ARITHMETIC for Children, on an entire New Plan, and illustrated by cuts. 2d edition, price 18. 6d., halfbound. 3. ELEMENTS of ENGLISH GRAMMAR, being a new Edition of Grammar for Children, 7th edition, price 1s., sewed. 5. KEY to ENGLISH GRAMMAR, price 4d. 5. KEY to ENGLISH ARITHMETIC, price 6d. London: Printed for Frederick Westley and A. H. Davis, 10, Stationers'-hall-court, and Ave Maria-lane. Just published, in demy 8vo., price 48. 6d., Part II. of INDIA; or Facts submitted to illustrate the character and condition of the Native Inhabitants; the causes which have, for ages, obstructed its improvement, with suggestions for reforming the present system, and the measures to be adopted for the future Government of that Country at the expiration of the present Charter of the East India Company. By ROBERT RICKARDS, Esq. Published by Smith, Elder, and Co., 65, Cornhill. THEATRICAL PORTRAITS. Published by Moon, Boys, and Graves, (successors to Hurst, Robinson, and Co.,) Printsellers to the King, 6, Pall-mall, and sold by F. G. Moon, 20, Treadneedle street. 1. M ISS HUGHES, as REIZA, in the celebrated Opera of Oberon;' engraved by THOMAS JONES, after a Picture by W. M'CALL, now exhibiting at the Royal Academy. Size, nine inches by eleven high. Prints, 7s. 6d.; Proofs, 128. 2. MISS FOOTE, as Maria Darlington; engraved by PICART, after G. CLINT, A.R.A. Size, nine inches by twelve high. Prints, 58.; Proofs, India, 7s. 6d. ; Colours, 10s. 6d. 3. MISS PATON, as Susannah, in "The Marriage of Figaro ;' drawn and engraved by JoHN STEWART. Size (whole length), twelve inches by seventeen high. Prints, 6s.; Proofs, India, 10s. 6d.; Colours, 10s. 6d. 4. MISS LOVE, as Vespina, in 'Clara,' engraved by WOOLNOTH, after WAGEMAN. Size, eleven inches by fifteen high. Prints, 6s.; Proofs, 10s. 6d. 5. Mr. WALLACK, engraved by WOOLNOтH, afier WAGESize, 10 inches by 14 high. Prints, 5s. MAN. 6. Mr. KNIGHT, (late of the Theatre Royal, Drury-lane,) engraved by H. DAWE, after a picture by J. KNIGHT. Size, 11 inches by 15 high. Prints, 6s., Proofs, 10s. 6d. ; Before Letters, 158. 7. Miss O'NEIL, as Belvidera, (whole length,) engraved by MEYER, after DEVIS. Size, 18 inches by 29 high. Prints, 10s. 6d. Proofs, 218.; Colours, 42s. 8. Miss O'NEIL, as Belvidera, (half length,) by the same. Size, 13 inches by 15 high. Prints, 5s.; Colours, 7s. 6d. 9. JOHN KEMBLE, as Hamlet, holding the skull of Yorick, (whole length,) engraved by REYNOLDS, after the splendid picture by Sir THOMAS LAWRENCE, P.R.A, Size, 22 inches by 34 high. Prints, 21s. 10. JOHN KEMBLE, as Rolla, (whole length, and companion to the above,) engraved by REYNOLDS, after Sir THOMAS LAWRENCE, P.R.A. Prints, 158.; Proofs, 31s. 6d. 11. Mr. ELLISTON, engraved by TURNER, after a Picture by G. H. HARLOW, Size, 11 inches by 15 high. Prints, 58.; Proofs, 78. 6d. 12. Messrs. FARREN, FARLEY, and JONES, in The Clandestine Marriage,' engraved by H. MEYER, after a Picture by G. CLINT, A.R.A. Size, 10 inches by 12 high. Prints, 7s. 6d. ; Proofs, 158. 13. GARRICK, between Tragedy and Comedy, engraved by CARDON, after the Picture by Sir JOSHUA REYNOLDS. Size, 11 inches by 10 high, Prints, 78. 6d. Also, nearly ready, PORTRAITS of MADAME VESTRIS, Miss P. GLOVER, Mr. WILLIAMS, and Mr. LISTON, from a Scene in Paul Pry,' beautifully executed in Mezzotinto. by T. LUPTON, after the celebrated Picture by G. CLINT, Esq., A.R.A., exhibited in the Royal Academy last year; which will form a Companion" to Kemble and Fawcett, as Charles and Captain Copp. THE In one volume, post 8vo., with the Crown and Coronets printed Printed for Saunders and Otley, Public Library, Conduit Street, where may be had TERMS for the immediate perusal of NEW WORKS in Town or Country. Now Ready, in 4to., with Portraits, Fac-similes, &c. MEMOIRS OF THE GREAT LORD BURGHLEY. By the Rev. Dr. NARES, Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford. Dedi. cated by permission to the Most Noble the Marquises of Salisbury and Exeter. This elaborate Work is of the highest national interest; it embraces and discusses a multitude of great historical, biographical, religious, and political questions, and throws much light upon an era of almost unparalleled national and universal importance.'-Literary Gazette. This Work deserves to find an immediate place in every good Historical Library.'-Athenæum. Printed for Saunders and Otley, Conduit Street. RIVATE TUITION.-Instructions given to PRIV Ladies, Gentlemen, or Private Families, (in any part of London, or within two miles,) in Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Navigation, Geography, Use of the Globes, Merchants' Accounts, &c. on the MOST LIBERAL TERMS. For cards of address, apply to Mr. Booth, bookseller, No. 32, Duke Street, Manchester Square; or Letters may be addressed (post paid) to G. R. at the same place. FRENCH BATTLES.-Egyptian Hall, Picca dilly. The fine Collection of Eighteen Battles, in Egypt, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Russia; painted on a large scale, by General Baron Le Jeune, himself engaged in these actions, is newly CED. To the credit of this Exhibition, it is ob servable the greater number of amateurs who have favoured it w their visits, have returned three and four times, and express increased satisfaction, arising from the powerful interest these tragical and interesting scenes inspire. The portraits and views of the countries have the merit of the greatest fidelity, having been taken on the fields of battle immediately after the fights.-Admittance One Shilling. On the 2d of June will be published, price 1s. No. IV. of THE HARROVIAN, Containing, among other articles, Full length Portraits :-No. 1. The Rev. J. W. Cunningham, M.A., Vicar of Harrow. Sepher Rasiel, by an Oxford Medallist. Critiques-No. 2. Mr. C. Wordsworth's Prize Poem, on the Death of Dr. Samuel Parr. French PoetsClement Marót. Recollections of Harrow, January, 1825. Our Village Church. Evenings of a Student-Myself. A Chapter on Ears and Fingers. The Round Table-Triumph of Harrow-Meeting of the Authors of the Harrovian, &c. &c. THE HARROVIAN is unquestionably a production of genius.' -London Magazine. London: Hurst, Chance, & Co., 65, Paul's Church-yard. DR. LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. MESSRS, BALDWIN and CRADOCK beg to inform the Subscribers to this Work, and the Public, that they have purchased of the Executors of the late Mr. Mawman, the Copyright and Stock of this important History; and they have great satisfaction in announcing that the Completion of it to the REVOLUTION is in great forwardness, and will be comprised in two quarto volumes; the first of which, including the Protectorate and Charles II., will be published early in next winter. The History has already proceeded to the end of the Reign of Charles I., and is comprised in six quarto or ten octavo volumes. London, May, 1828. Nearly ready, in 1 handsome Pocket-volume, with a Frontispiece and Vignette, engraved by Horsburgh, from Paintings by Thomas Stothard, R.A. PECIMENS of the LYRICAL DESCRIPTIVE, and NARRATIVE POETS of GREAT BRITAIN, from CHAUCER to the present day; with a Preliminary Sketch of the History of Early English Poetry, and Biographical and Critical Notices. By JOHN JOHNSTONE, Editor of Specimens of Sacred and Serious Poetry.' Printed for Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh; and Geo. B. Whittaker, London. London: Printed and Published every Wednesday morning, by WILLIAM LEWER, at the Office, 147, Strand, near Somerset House. No. 32. LITERATURE. London Literaryland Critical Journal. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 4, ON SOME OF THE USES OF LITERARY from ordinary prepossessions, and to come to the examination unfettered by the common forms of conventional thinking. A biographer commencing the memoirs of a man distinguished for his noble intellect, with this idea of the true nature of his BIOGRAPHY loses much of its charm when subject, will bring before our eyes one of the subit is not generally remembered, that each of its limest objects which can engage our attention. branches is both to be written and studied with a A human spirit, endowed with the light of thought, feeling adapted to its peculiar characteristics. so strong and intense that it commands others This is particularly the case with regard to the by a sort of natural dominion, is the representabiography of literary men. Their memoirs are tive of humanity in its highest degree of present poor and unimportant in some respects, but they perfection. To be enabled to see its operations are rich and splendidly adorned in others; and it in its own high regions of imagination or reason, greatly depends upon the right apprehension of elevates us by the sight of our nature thus raised their particular applicabili y of moral, whether and ennobled. It does in an intellectual point of they be read with interest, or with totally unim-view, what the contemplation of great moral virtue pressed feelings. does in refining our moral feelings. The beauty and dignity of each are presented to us. Our affections are engaged in the one case, and our sympathies have the force of a new moral obligation. In the other, the mind sees the capabilities of its nature, and, seeing them, learns to admire, and endeavours to imitate the best and greatest of its species. Some men are of importance to society by their actions; others, by their sentiments, and their willingness and power to promulgate them. The lives of the former are, chiefly, written to record the events which were brought about or modified by their interposition. Such are the memoirs of statesmen, of warriors, and travellers. Their history is wound up with that of the country. Their actions are a part of the thousand effects, when written with talent, is, the maniOne object, therefore, which literary biography agencies by which the huge machine of society is festation of mind,-and mind in its loftiest and driven round. While other hands have worked most strongly defined characters. Another good with less consciousness of power and in obscurity effected by it, if the principles on which it should at the wheel, theirs have been visibly raised, and, be composed are rightly understood, is the illusevery time they were stretched forth, visibly notration it affords of literary men's productions. ticed. They have given an impulse to the stream This is a point less generally attended to than of life; but it has been by some manifest opera- it ought to be. Not only many a particular pastion, by the use of the spade and the mattock. sage in an author's works may be powerfully The action of men's minds, more purely intel- illustrated by certain circumstances in his life; lectual, is like the breathing of a gale impressing but the very spirit of his style, the moods of and agitating the waters of existence, but silently thought and feeling, to which he is found most and invisibly. Biography, when employed to note constantly resigning himself, may be more disthe history of the former description of charac- tinetly traced and understood by the commentary ters, has a comparatively easy task. When men's given in the memorials of his fortunes. In the actions are numerous, their dispositions and princase of poets, and other writers of a similar ciples are easily delineated. An active man can class, this is peculiarly striking. Their thoughts never be of a close or secret temper; either the are composed of sun-light imaginations, and their activity of the mind will overcome the design wishes of aspirations that appear to hold every of secrecy, or the wish of secrecy will destroy human hope and feeling in abeyance. They the action, and the writers of the memoirs thus seem, by the natural constitution of their of such men have, therefore, not to study cha- minds, to be set apart as the priests of nature, or racter, or to depict its variations; but to describe the expounders of a law of superior existence, events as they occurred, or, in fact, explain certhe glories of which they are the first to enjoy. tain circumstances by ascribing them to the in- But the images in which they are obliged to fluence of particular agents. Very contrary to clothe their divine conceptions, are earthly. They this is the situation of the biographer of men of have to come and converse with men, before literary genius. Actions are to be described, they can record the discourse of angels. The but they are to be considered only as the indexes dwelling-place of their minds is the purest region to a mysteriously written book. Events are to of the serene heaven; but their study is on earth, be related, but they are to be adduced as illustra-built amidst the bustle and confusion of the world. tions only of sublime truths discovered by an ap- They are taught, by their own inward feelings, peal to human nature itself. Mind is to be re- the independency of truth, and beauty of the mere garded, at setting out, as the subject of contempla present existence; but in teaching others, they tion. It is to be first considered as impressed have to submit themselves to the forms and rules with particular characters itself, before examining which have been composed, in many cases, by the how it impressed its own likeness on the objects necessities of social life, but, in others, by the with which it came in contact. It is to afford the mistakes of prejudice. They thus contract a inquirer both the materials and the subject of his familiarity with the world. They throw their thoughts. To be the object to which his contempla- own bright mantle over the forms that pass betions are raised, and the source from which he fore them, and then forget what has made them derives the finest illustrations of the truths he has so lovely. They confound the bright originals obtained from the contemplation; and thus, being of their imagination with the representatives they to be seen rightly by its own light alone, by that have borrowed to make them visible to mankind; only making those manifestations of the beauty and, in their after-intercourse with the world, and dignity of its principles and constitution which seek ideal good under earthly forms, and are our delight, it requires an effort on the part of worship an earthly form for its ideal beauty. the observer to abstract himself as much as possible Their passions are burning, and intense in pro portion to the power of their intellects. The clearer and more elevated their minds, the deeper is their love or desire of the objects which their imaginations have clothed in beauty, or which their purified understandings have pronounced excellent. The events of their lives, therefore, as they bring before them objects that adapt themselves to their dispositions, as they satisfy or disappoint their desires, diminish their selfdependence, or drive them back upon the elysium they had almost lost, as the circumstances of existence do one or the other of these, their thoughts will run in particular channels, he expressed in different styles, and manifest different inoods of feeling. The situations in which they found themselves in the progress of existence, and the bright or gloomy atmosphere through which they passed, first affected the operations of their intellect, by the use which it had first made of them to assist its expression; but, as the objects they called around them became more and more mixed up with these creations of their mind, they gained an unconquerable power over their affections, and, in determining in what current those affections should run, passed, in fact, a law upon the intellect which subjected it to the varying circumstances and fortunes of human life. By bearing this in mind, the biographer of a poet may transmit to posterity the most valuable exposition of his works that could be written, and one which will not only clear the meaning, but give a deeper interest and a more spiritual meaning to every sentiment he uttered. But literary biography has no better or more interesting purpose than the view it gives of the greatest and purest intellects, struggling under the adverse influences of human fortune. Inde pendent of the value of closely written memoirs, in the view which has just been taken of them, they have, in the high moral interest of their details, a value belonging to very few other kinds of literature. No observation can be more ridiculous than that with which nine biographies of literary men out of ten are found to begin, namely, that their lives are very meagre in materials for the biographer. Of anecdotes or details that may illustrate the history of kingdoms, it is true they are; but of such as throw light on the history of man, they are full. Every action of a person of strong or refined intellect, manifests its internal working clearly and distinctly. It matters not whether it be important for the effects it produces or not. The determination of thought and feeling to a particular point is evident, and the human mind, with all its phenomena, is better developed, when exposed by turns to the general occurrences of life, than when called into exercise by the strong and overpowering necessities of public business. In the lives, therefore, of literary men, we are not to look for events or actions that may startle us, or interest the curiosity, but for such as may show the influence which the changing circumstances of existence have upon superior minds, or the power which an exalted intellect exercises over a inutable and capricious fortune. Regarded in this manner, the memoirs of men of genius are replete with interest and instruction. Their virtues have a grandeur which renders them venerable; their errors are awfully visible under the bright clear light which shines around their hearts. Their actions are but another expression of the feelings which give energy and pathos to their |