THE LONDON WEEKLY REVIEW.

[Concluded.]

NOTHING is more certain than that, in any given controversy or dispute, the party conscious of being in the wrong will be the first to depart from the real question at issue; his only hope of escape being in drawing off the attention of his judges from misstatements in fact, or errors in argument, and flying from positions which he finds untenable, to some new track, in which he may hope to entangle their judgments or elude their pursuit.

This has been so peculiarly the case in the conduct of the Editor of The London Weekly Review' towards ourselves, that we might from that alone infer his certain defeat. The criminatory accusations which that Editor offered in lieu of arguments, were no answer whatever to the charges that preceded them, and might, therefore, have been taken as a complete abandonment of the question in dispute; but the charges were so personal and so serious, that it was determined to rebut them; and the refutations offered in our last, from a letter in Mr. St. John's own hand-writing, were so strong, as to reduce our adversary to this inevitable dilemma; namely, either to support his recent accusations as true, by admitting that his former professions were false, and therefore branding himself as a hypocrite: or, not to deny either the existence or sincerity of his former professions, and therefore tacitly to admit, that his recent accusations could not possibly be true.

Mr. St. John chose the last of the courses described; that is, he did not deny either the existence or the sincerity of the letter of February 28, from which the quotation was made: he did not even advert to the obvious inconsistency of revering a man for four years as worthy the first place in his affections and esteem, and then recapitulating the history of that very period, in order to prove the same man a monster and a fool,-though this was the only point to which public attention would be directed; but, without even alluding to, much less answering or removing, the difficulty, he goes into fresh recriminations, as entirely new as they are utterly foreign from the subject matter in dispute. Into these, also, we shall follow him, as it is his last retreat; for, after he is beaten from these, we shall have no occasion, ever again, to revert to the subject.

The first new accusation made is, that Mr. Buckingham has been always engaged in quarrels, and that his friends almost always become his enemies. The proofs cited, are two instances, out of a life of some length and variety: the first, the dispute with Mr. Burckhardt and Mr. Bankes, and those whom they had induced to believe in their calumnies; the second, a dispute with Mr. Arnot, who had no associate in his claims.

The second new accusation is, that Mr. Buckingham, so far from having made any pecuniary advances to Mr. St. John, beyond his just demands, actually owed him, at the period of his leaving The Oriental Herald,' a sum of 10501., for certain shares of profits due to him on that work, stating Mr. Arnot's readiness to testify the justness of this claim on oath.

The third charge is, that of having expressed a wish to have the three letters, including all our recent Correspondence, burnt; and the fourth, that of having represented an arrangement to have been made with Messrs. Longman and Co. which was never concluded. These two being of the least importance, shall be an swered first.

The desire to have the Correspondence destroyed, was with a view to prevent the very controversy which has since unhappily arisen: that desire was, however, expressed in the body of the last letter itself, and not, after it was written, from any wish to avoid disclosures : to disprove or confirm which, Mr. St.John is now publicly invited, nay, requested, to publish these three letters, with any comment he chooses to append to them, in "The London Weekly Review.'

The arrangement said to be made with Messrs. Longman and Co., was discussed with and agreed to by one of the partners, Mr. Orme, though not reduced to writing, or concluded in a formal manner, by the firm; because the Oriental Herald' soon afterwards passed from their superintendance, as publishers, and that arrangement, which was dependant on this work continuing with them, was null before any orders had reached England to be executed on the terms reciprocally agreed to. These two minor points are adverted to, merely to show, that there is nothing which cannot

be satisfactorily answered. We pass now to the two heavier charges.

As to the quarrel with Mr. Bankes and his supporters, all the literary world, at least, knows the merits and the issue of this: but it should be added, that the friend, who, on the trial of Mr. Bankes, sat beside Mr. Buckingham during the protracted proceedings of that day, who remained with him from the opening to the close of the Court, and who was the loudest and most fervent in his expressions of joy at the triumph of innocence over such an iniquitous combination of jealousy, artifice, and crime, was Mr. St. John himself! as the Counsel and Solicitor, on whom he was a frequent attendant during the progress of the cause, can bear testimony.

Of the quarrel with Mr. Arnot, the following is a brief account: this individual did undoubtedly set up a claim to the participation of profits to which Mr. St. John adverts; and, after some discussion, it was submitted to the arbitration of Dr. Gilchrist and the Honourable Leicester Stanhope, who both decided, that there was no foundation whatever for such claim. The most remarkable part of this affair, however, is, that the main evidence upon which the arbitrators rejected this claim was, that of the very individual who now, for the first time, revives it on his own behalf,namely, Mr. St. John himself! It was he who first endeavoured to persuade Mr. Arnot of his error, and who, failing in this, satisfied the parties referred to that the claim was wholly groundless; subsequently, moreover, expressing not merely his wonder, but his horror and disgust at the ungrateful conduct of Mr. Arnot, as he had before done at that of Messrs. Burckhardt and Bankes, with whom he is now so proud to associate himself!!

Some dissatisfaction being expressed, however, by Mr. Arnot, with the decision of the first referees, and it being discovered that he had been writing out to India the grossest misrepresentations, the whole matter was again submitted, in written evidence, to two other arbitrators, the Honourable Douglas Kinnaird and Mr. John Hunt of "The Examiner. The issue was still the same, as is proved by a letter written by the Honourable Douglas Kinnaird to a friend at Calcutta, enclosing copies of the documents adverted to, (the originals being still in his possession), with a view to remove, as speedily as possible, the injurious impressions created by Mr. Arnot's misrepresentations, of which letter we think it sufficient to give merely the commencement and close:

'Pall Mall East, May 1, 1827.

'MY DEAR ---I am ashamed to take up my pen at this twelfth hour, and then only to write to you on a matter of public concern. What an unfortunate man is Mr. Buckingham ! Upon learning the calumnies of Mr. Arnot, he, immediately, by my advice, drew up a statement of his intercourse with that person, for the information of those who had advocated the cause in which he has been so long a suffering victim. This was due to them, not less than to the cause. This statement he placed forthwith in the hands of myself, and Mr. John Hunt, of The Examiner.' We agreed, after reading it, to place it in the hands of Mr. Arnot, and to require his reply to it. This has been delivered to us. I know not how to give you an adequate idea of its contents. The perusal of it can alone give you some idea of the mind of the man who could have written it; and who, two days afterwards, has confessed that he has no ground whatever of complaint against Mr. Buckingham, and that he has been acting all along under a delusion of mind; that he cannot account for his own conduct, and that all he desires is, that he may make any reparation in his power.

'You are at liberty to make what use of this letter you please. I have watched Mr. Buckingham jealously, ever since I took up the cause of the press, as it was attacked in his person and interest; and I am ready to bear witness that I know no reason why I should wish any part of his conduct had been different from what it has been. He has had a severe struggle, and I have never found him either a sordid calculator of his own interest, when it might appear to

be opposed to the interest of a public cause, nor, on the other hand, wildly adventuring beyond his means. He has been sorely tried, and has, I verily believe, not been found wanting. He is entitled to this open testimony of a jealous observer of his conduct, which I profess myself to have been; and I regret

only it has not been in my power to be more instrumental in

assisting his efforts. Believe me, my dear, yours very truly and faithfully,

'DOUGLAS KINNAIRD.'

We have never before publicly adverted to this matter, great as has been the injury we have sustained from this forbearance; nor should we indeed now have ventured to mention it, but for the purpose of defending ourselves from public imputations, and of showing the utter worthlessness of Mr. St. John's assertions, when

he can cling to the name of Mr. Arnot as that of a fellowsufferer, and endeavour to excite sympathy, by naming him as one of the friendly and virtuous persons with whom Mr. Buckingham has captiously and unjustly quarrelled! What will the reader say, when we add that all these facts were known to, and all these letters and papers named were seen, and read, and commented on, by Mr. St. John himself! It was he who waited first on Mr. Hunt, and next on Mr. Kinnaird, to elucidate points in the written statements referred to, with which he was familiar; it was he who joined them most fervently in his expressions of indignation at such unparalleled and inexplicable conduct; even he, who now adds Mr. Arnot's name to those of Messrs. Bankes and Burckhardt, as parties similarly injured, and similarly right in their cause of quarrel with himself!!

lightest, is this: that Mr. Buckingham is a man so The last charge of all, and that certainly not the devoured by the base passion of avarice, that the grasping of money is his chief delight; and that, so far from Mr. St. John having been, as is represented, under the smallest obligation to him for pecuniary advances, Mr. Buckingham owed Mr. St. John, at the period of his quitting his service, 1,050. sterling, of which he was deceitfully defrauded.

We can only say, that, if Mr. Buckingham's whole life be not a complete answer to the general charge of his loving money beyond all other earthly things, then no answer would suffice. But for the particular charge of Mr. St. John,-that Mr. Buckingham has grossly wronged him, and is still his debtor to the extent described, let the following note, of which we have the original, written by his own hand, on the very day when the first number of 'The London Weekly Review' appeared, on the 9th of June, 1827, speak to every candid mind:

76, Upper Seymour Street.

'MY DEAR SIR,-I have been very busy and very unwell for some days past, or I should have called to know your opinion of our First Number. It cost a great deal of exertion to bring it out, but it seems to give satisfaction. I write this morning, however, to say, that, if you can conveniently oblige me to-day with a cheque for last month's salary, I should esteem it a particular favour, as, what with removing to this house, and getting a few things to put in it, I have been sadly embarrassed.

'Had it not been for these things, I intended to request that you would put that small amount to liquidate PART of the sum I owe you. I am ashamed to bore so kind a friend as you about money matters in any way; but I ought to mention, that I think the best way for me to discharge this debt, so long due, and which you have been so kind as never to mention, will be, to pay a few pounds at a time as frequently as I can possibly spare them. I am afraid it would be long before I should be able to pay it all at once.

'I sincerely hope you will not consider my speaking of it on this occasion as indelicate, or indicative of any diminution of confidence in your friendship and disposition to serve me to the utmost. On the contrary, you may be sure, that, as LONG AS I RETAIN ANY TRACES OF VIRTUE IN MY OWN MIND, SO LONG SHALL I HAVE CONFIDENCE IN YOUR HEART AND

AFFECTION.

'Yours most affectionately,

'J. A. ST. JOHN.'

If this letter, coupled with the one written eight months after, in February, 1828, professing unaltered and unalterable attachment and esteem, does not prove that the calumnies, traced by the same pen, almost before the ink of the eulogies was dry, are without precedent or parallel, we shall have no faith in evidence hereafter. The epithet by which such conduct should be characterised we shall not apply-every honest heart will involuntarily utter it for us; and, if we have unwillingly been drawn into tedious length, we trust our readers will forgive it, when they remember that our reputation-dearer than a thousand lives-is at stake. If we had failed to refute, to the very bottom, the imputations now cast upon our veracity and honour, we should have been unworthy of their support for a single hour. But if, even at the expense of wearying their attention for once, we have established our claim to their future confidence and esteem, we are satisfied, and shall not need either to try their patience, or to tarnish our own victory, by recurring, even for a moment, to so ungrateful a theme.

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDGE, APRIL 11.-The Rev. T. Pope has been elected one of the Conducts of Eton, by the Rev. Dr. Godall, the Provost.

OXFORD, APRIL 11.-Walter John Tromer, B.A., and George Dennison, B.A., of Christ Church, and Charles Neate, B.A., of Lincoln Coll., were elected Fellows of Oriel College,

NOTICE.

MADDOX STREET GALLERY-NINE

This day, 4 vols. 8vo., with a chart, 21. 2s.

Some Capital Pictures, by TITIAN and CLAUDE, with a few Fine Pictures of the DUTCH SCHOOL, will be added to the Collection at this Gallery, on the 21st instant, to supply the place of those which have been sold. Admittance, 18.

NEW TREATISE ON COLOURS.

Notwithstanding the generally favourable reception of the plan of issuing two Numbers of 'THE ATHENÆUM' in the week, as proved by the great majority of its original Subscribers continuing to receive it, since the duplication of its issues, we have learnt that there is still a large portion of the reading community, to whom this double Publication is less agreeable than a single one would be, chiefly from want of leisure to follow up the rapid succession of so much matter; and that there is still another and not an inconsiderable portion of the continually place, Fitzroy-square. increasing number of readers among the less wealthy classes, by whom the double Publication is not, from its expense, attainable.

Having an earnest desire to administer to the gratification of all these, as far as may be practicable, and conceiving that a return to the original plan of issuing One Number of "THE ATHENEUM' only, during the week, and a consequent diminution of expense to its Subscribers, will not be injurious to any class, and highly acceptable to many, we have resolved to effect this general accommodation without delay.

The same reasons which were originally assigned for issuing it in the middle of the week, WHEN NO OTHER LITERARY PAPER APPEARS, remaining in full force, it will be published, as at first, on Wednesday mornings, and at its original price.

This arrangement will take place after the close of the present week; and, by removing all obstacles to its general accessibility, will, we trust, soon place 'THE ATHENÆUM' in the hands of every literary person in the Kingdom. Those who desire to complete their Series, by procuring the back Numbers issued since the single publication was first changed, are requested to do so without delay, as many of these Numbers are already getting scarce, and will soon be difficult to be procured.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

An English Translation of Manzoni's celebrated Romance, "The Betrothed Lovers,' is printing at Milan. It will contain an interesting Letter from Mauzoni to the Translator.

In the press, the second edition of the Rev. E. Burton's Description of the Antiquities and Curiosities of Rome, made during a Visit to Italy in 1818-19, with numerous Illustrations of Ancient and Modern Writers. In 2 vols., post 8vo.

The Rev. E. B. Pusey will shortly publish an Historical Inquiry into the Rationalist Character, lately predominant in the Theology of Germany. In 8vo.

Preparing for publication, an Abridgement of the Rev. H. Soomes's History of the Reformation of the Church of England. In 12mo.

In the press, Narrative of a Journey from Constantinople to England, In 1 vol., post 8vo.

LIST OF BOOKS PUBLISHED DURING THE WEEK.

Omnipresence of the Deity, third edition, 12mo., 7s. 6d. Gordon's Examinations on the Practice of Surgery, 12mo., 7s. Thornton's Fruits of the Spirit, fourth edition, 18mo., 48. Christian Experience, or a Guide to the Perplexed, by R. Philip, 18mo., 38.

Horne's Introduction to the Scriptures, 4 vols., 8vo., sixth edition, 31. 38.

The Life of Mansie Wauch, 12mo., 78.

Dunlop on the Scotch Poor Laws, second edition, 8vo., 6s. 6d. Cruden's Concordance, 4to., ninth edition, 218.

Tales of a Grandfather, by Sir Walter Scott, second edition, 3 vols., 18mo., 10s. 6d.

Chronicles of the Canongate, second edition, 2 vols., 8vo., 17. 18. Hyatt's Sermons, second edition, 10s. 6d.

Salathiel, a Story of the Present, Past, and Future, 3 vols., post 8vo., 1. 11s. 6d.

Red Rover, second edition, 3 vols., post 8vo., 28s. 6d.
Flirtation, third edition, 3 vols., post 8vo., 31s. 6d.
Memoirs of the First Forty-five Years of the Life of James
Larkington, (Auto-Biography, vol. 18,) 18mo., 38. 6d.
Selection from Italian Prose Writers, with a Double Transla-
tion on the Hamiltonian System, 8vo., 14s.
Sir John Sinclair on the Culture and Use of Potatoes, 48.
Christ's Appearance the Second Time for the Salvation of Be-
lievers, 28.

Foreign Review and Continental Miscellany, No. 2, 6s.

SPHYNX LONDON NEWS GAZETTE

THE 28, Saturday Evening, April 12, 1929, contains, am

other interesting articles,-Parliamentary Portraits, No 20; Mr. Edward Burtenshaw Sugden, M.P. for Weymouth-Legal Reforms; Sinecure Offices, and Claims for CompensationProgress of Mechanical Power in Great Britain-On the Law of Libel-The Westminster Review, No. 17-Comments on the Politics of the Week-Correspondence with the Editor-Leading Articles from the Daily Papers-Notes of the Week-Foreign and Domestic Intelligence-Courts of Law-Gazette-Naval and Shipping Intelligence.

Printed and published by W. LEWER, every Wednesday and Saturday, at the Office, 147, Strand, near Somerset House,— price Sevenpence.

By C. HAYTER, Portrait-painter, and Professor of Perspective to her late Royal Highness, the Princess Charlotte of Saxe Cobourg. Assumed as the Basis of a perfect System. Published by J. Booth, Duke-street, Portland-place, 1 vol. 4to., 16s. boards, and sold by the Author, 14, Buckingham

A CLEAR and PRACTICAL EXPLANATION of the Progressive Formation of ALL COLOURS, by the Equilateral Communion of the THREE PRIMITIVE COLOURS ; illustrated by 39 carefully coloured Diagrams, founded on the 5th Figure (Ulti malum) Plate XX. of his Fourth Edition on Perspective, Drawing, and Painting, now published by Kingsbury, Parbury, and Allen, 7, Leadenhall-street, where this Work is sold; also at Newman's, Soho square; Smith and Warner's, Piccadilly; Messrs. Fuller's, Rathbone-place; Dickenson's, New Bondstreet; Carpenter's, New Bond-street; and Colnaghi's, Pall Mall East.

***Those who have determined on the Professions of the Fine Arts, are taught the indispensable Rudiments of Practical Geometry, Perspective, and the Five Orders of Architecture, by Mr. HAYTER, at his Residence.

ABOLITION OF POOR-RATES.

In one vol. 12mo., with plate, price 6s., boards, AN ACCOUNTRAL WORKHOUSES, N ACCOUNT of the POOR-COLONIES,

lent Society of Holland. By a Member of the Highland Society of Scotland.

*** The system detailed in this work has been considered, by many very competent judges, as superior to all other modes of maintaining the poor, and is particularly applicable to this country.

Printed for Peter Brown, Edinburgh; and James Duncan, 37, Paternoster-row, London.

A

Just published, in one handsome 8vo. vol. price 168. TREATISE on the DISEASES of CHILDREN, with Directions for the Management of Infants from the Birth. By the late MICHAEL UNDERWOOD. M.D. Eighth Edition, revised, with Notes and Observations. By SAMUEL MERRIMAN, M.D., F. L. S.

London Printed for Callow and Wilson; Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green; Simpkin and Marshall; T. and G. Underwood; Burgess and Hill; and S. Highly; and Hodges and M'Arthur, Dublin.

RHEUMATISM, LUMBAGO, SCIATICA, &c. Just published, price 3s. 6d. sewed, ASES Illustrative of the immediate Effects of SCIATICA, &c. &c. Being an Appendix to the Author's Treatise on the subject. By JAMES MORSS CHURCHILL, F.L.S. Printed for Callow and Wilson, 16, Princes-street, Soho. Of whom may be had, by the same Author, A TREATISE on ACUPUNCTURATION, price 4s., boards; or with the above Appendix, price 78., boards.

'The removal, or relief of pain, has been procured in innumerable instances, in which every other remedy had been tried assiduously, and in vain; and in a great majority, even of obstinate cases, the cure has been permanent,'

Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.

Third Edition, price 7s. 6d. Dedicated, by Permission, to the Lord Bishop of London.

THE

HE OMNIPRESENCE of the DEITY. A
Poem. By ROBERT MONTGOMERY.

The following remarks are copied from 'The Times.'
THE OMNIPRESENCE OF THE DEITY.

'Mr. Montgomery's excellent poem on this awful and impressive subject has, not more rapidly than deservedly, arrived at a second edition. The work is dedicated, by permission, to the Lord Bishop of London, and is, in every respect, worthy the countenance and protection of that elevated dignitary. The author is, we understand, a very young man; but, in this production, he has displayed a depth and maturity of thought, a strength and justness of reasoning, which would do honour to any writer of the present day. His versification combines, in no ordinary degree, energy and elegance; his figures are beautifully appropriate-they are never introduced merely at the suggestion of fancy, but are called in to illustrate some feeling of the mind, or some affection of the heart. A glowing spirit of fervid devotion distinguishes the whole work. In every page we find

"Thoughts that breathe, and words that burn." "The author appears to have felt, that he stood in the presence of HIM whose greatness he was celebrating; to HIM he has prayed for inspiration, and from HIM he has received it. He describes, with felicitous effect, the presence of the Deity in all times and places-in the glare of day, and in the darkness of night; in the storms of winter, in the mild breath of spring, in the gorgeous glory of summer, and in the fruition of Autumn. The all-seeing eye is never closed; it penetrates our most secret thoughts; it views our most covert designs; it is fixed on us when we are born,-it marks us during youth, manhood, and old age,-and, when the death-bed scene arrives, it is still fixed on us. The author has inculcated this principle with a force and vigour worthy of the theme; he calls on his fellowmen, eloquently and affectionetely, never to let the fact escape from their memory, that the Deity is ever present; and he argues, that, where such a feeling exists, it must check the growth of evil, counteract the tendency of human nature to vice, and extend the empire of virtue. A purer body of ethics we have never read; and he who could peruse it without emotion, clothed, as it is, in the graceful garb of poetry, must have a very cold and insensible heart.

'There are several small poems attached to the volume, which possess great merit. That entitled "The Crucifixion," cannot be read without emotion.'-The Times, April 1, 1828.

of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.

By WASHINGTON IRVING. 'This work will, we are persuaded, give Mr. Washington Irving a prodigious increase of fame. The novelty of fact exhibited will command wonder-only to be explained by the circumstances which have given the author access to public as well as private archives, hitherto a fountain shut up, and a book sealed.' The chaste and nervous elegance of the style, and the liberal and truly philosophical cast of thought and sentiment, are what no one need be surprised with, who has read some of his previous writings; but this performance is every way a more elaborate one than any of those, and of higher pretensions-pretensions which we have no doubt the world will pronounce to be justified in the result. To throw an air of total novelty on a theme of ancient interest-to write a history, where previously there had been only memoires pour servir— such has been our American countryman's proud attempt; and with unmingled pleasure do we contemplate the fruit of his long and arduous labours.'-Literary Gazette, Feb. 2.

'Nothing can be more elegant and pleasant than the style in which the history is written. It is simple, unaffected, and sometimes even eloquent. The circumstances are related with a modest enthusiasm, which is justified by the subject, and in that perfectly good taste which makes the narrative extremely agreeable.'-Times.

Printed for John Murray, Albemarle-street. Just published, in 8vo., with Six coloured Plates, price 2s. 6d. each; Nos. I. to VI. of

LORA MEDICA; containing Botanical Delyses, Preparations, &c. of the Medicinal Plants comprised in the Pharmacopoeias of the Three British Colleges; also, an Introduction to General Botany; a copious List of Botanical Terms and Definitions; Lists of Indigenous and Poisonous Plants, &c.

Published by Callow and Wilson, 16, Princes-street, Soho. The present work is illustrated by lithographic drawings, beautiful as a specimen of the art, and accurate in all the most important particulars, at nearly one half the price of other works on the same subject.

'It is a well executed work, and if the succeeding numbers should equal the first, we have no doubt it will receive, as it deserves, the warm support of the profession generally.'-The Dissector, Vol. I. No. 6.

WEET'S BRITISH FLOWER GARDEN, Published in Monthly Numbers, at 3s. each, and each Number contains four full and beautifully coloured figures, drawn and coloured from Living Plants, grown in the open borders of the Gardens in this Country, and contains all the most handsome, rare, and interesting Plants, both herbacious and flowering Shrubs, that may be cultivated with advantage in the open Air of this Country, with full Directions for their Cultivation and Propagation, or what other information may be considered of importance. The Drawings, by E. D. SMITH a well-known Botanical Artist.

Also, just published, price 5s. Part II of SWEET'S BRITISH WARBLERS, or, An Account of the. Summer Birds of Passage, belonging to the genus Sylvia,illustrated with five handsome coloured figures of the natural size, with full Directions for their Treatment, as practised by the Author, showing how all this Tribe of delightfully Singing Birds may be kept in good health in confinement, and will continue in Song nearly all the year; with numerous other observations on their Habit, Migration, or any thing relating to their History that may be considered of importance.

The Third Part, which will complete the Work, is nearly ready, and whoever is possessed of Part I., containing six Figures of the NIGHTINGALE, REDSTART, GARDEN WARBLER, &c., with Descriptions of the other Species, price 7s., boards, may have the present Part at 48., wanting the three first descriptions that are in Part I., and which will, in future, be left out of that Part; it will then be 6s., boards, and the other two Parts at 58. each.

Published by W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, Stationers' HallCourt, Ludgate-street.

THE

HE ORIENTAL HERALD for APRIL, conducted by J. S. BUCKINGHAM, contains, among other Articles, equally interesting to Oriental and General Readers-Proceedings in India to Petition Parliament for Opening that Country to Civilization-Sonnett-On the Education of Negroes-Mr. Rickards's New Work on IndiaMalte-Brun, the celebrated Geographer-The Slave Ship-The Censorship of the Press in India-The Minstrel Maid to the Warrior-Travels in Italy, No. II.-Present Seat of War in Chinese Tartary-The Oak of the Village-green-Inquiry into the Right or Justice of the Punishment of Death--A Despot's Midnight-Sir Edward East's Suggested Reform in India, No. V.-Sonnet on a Group of Venus lamenting over the dead Body of Adonis-The Libraries of Constantinople-RegretExpedition from India to Egypt-Ruins-Turkish Manners and Opinions-Sonnet to the Memory of John Keats-Arbitrary Proceedings at Bombay, and Specimens of Indian Legislation-The Broken Heart-Pacho's Travels in Cyrenaica and Marmarica-Summary Commitments for Constructive Contempts of Parliament, &c.-The Scottish Covenanter-Bishop Heber's Journal-To some Transplanted Flowers-The Medical Service of India-The Bombay Marine Board-Sonnet, by Nathan Drake, M.D.-General Summary of the Latest Intelligence connected with the Eastern World-Letters from Bengal, Madras, and Bombay-Excursion along the Arracan CoastDiscovery of Coal in Australia-Asiatic Society of BengalDebates at the India House-Grant to Captain BuchananSuspension of Judge Smith-The Carnatic Debt-Calcutta Stamp Act-Abuse of Patronage-Treasury Department-Civil and Military Appointments, Promotions, and Changes in India -Shipping Intelligence; Arrivals from Eastern Ports, Arrivals in Eastern Ports, and Departures from Europe-General List of Passengers, &c. &c.

Printed for the Proprietors, and sold by W. LEWER, at the Office, No. 147, Strand, near Somerset House.

London: Printed and Published every Tuesday and Friday morning, by WILLIAM LEWER, at the Office, 147, Strand, near Somerset House,

No. 25.

REVIEWS OF BOOKS.

DR. PHILIP'S RESEARCHES IN SOUTH AFRICA. Researches in South Africa; illustrating the Civil, Moral, and Religious Condition of the Native Tribes: including Journals of the Author's Travels in the Interior; together with Detailed Accounts of the Progress of the Christian Missions, exhibiting the Influence of Christianity in Promoting Civilisation. By the Rev. John Philip, D.D., Superintendant of the Missions of the London Missionary Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 2 vols. 8vo. Duncan. London, 1828.

We

THESE interesting volumes are valuable on two accounts. In the first place, they contain the narrative of a most intelligent traveller, among a people of whose real character and dispositions we at present know very little; and, in the next, and perhaps the most important, they furnish us with abundant materials for judging of the pretensions and labours of a set of men, whose character has been delineated, by one party, as a compound of folly and gross hypocrisy, and, by another, as a bright and glorious exemplification of the most perfect self-denying virtues. shall hardly be suspected of bigotry, we imagine, when we express our pleasure at having before us materials, which, as far as they go, will help us in forming a better and safer judgment on the subject than could be easily done, either from documents filled with a heterogeneous mixture of facts and sectarian correspondences such as Missionary Registers, or from works which have a decidedly hostile and prejudiced tone in their every mention of these wandering preachers of Christianity. That many persons, however, of this kind have been excellent and simple-hearted men,-that several of them have dared dangers to promote the cause they laboured in, from which they would have shrunk had they not possessed the spirits of martyrs,-and that more than one of their number have borne the pain and misery of languishing disease, without a murmur or hope of reward; that this has been the case, we have too many testimonies from unprejudiced witnesses to admit of its being controverted. That, on the other hand, they have been influential in the production of much solid good to many of the people they have been sent to,-that they have laboured in the cause of universal truth and charity, and borne oppression of the heaviest kind for its sake, we need but mention to prove it, the account which Mr. Pringle has given us in some of the notes to his beautiful little volume of poems.

It would, it is true, argue but an imperfect knowledge of human nature, to imagine that every pretender to peculiar sanctity is possessed of the virtues he would have us believe belong to his character; but it would argue still less, we apprehend, to suppose that men, equally alive to suffering as ourselves, filled with the same love of life, and bound by the same charities, would voluntarily expose themselves to every hardship, and cut themselves off from all the pleasures and endearments of human life, to gratify no other wish than that of successfully playing the hypocrite; or, which is just as conceivable, that of dying of a fever at Sierra Leone. Dr. Philip's work, we trust, will do much to remove several of the mistakes on this subject. It is written by a man of good sense and learning; and one who, by the bold, manly, and honest tone of independence which characterises its pages, deserves the attention and respect of every unprejudiced reader,

This enlightened traveller and fervent friend of humanity has taken up the cause of an oppressed and unprotected people, to whom he was originally sent as a preacher of Christianity; and in whose interests he appears to have exerted all his faculties and resources. The tale which he tells is so plain and unaffected, and so clearly demonstrates both the good intentions of the class of men to which he belongs, and the deplorable violation of every principle of charity by those who opposed them, that we shall let Doctor Philip speak for himself. The exposure which he has been driven to make, is such, as to rouse the indignation of every thinking man, and we trust that the bold, but temperate, remonstance, which he has made in these volumes of his travels, will have the effect of turning the attention of Government to the subject in a more serious manner than has hitherto been done. The author thus accounts for the deep interest he has now for some time past taken in the affairs of the despised South-Africans :

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'My object in the composition of these pages has paring them for the press, I have studied, as much as not been to expose men, but measures; and, in prepossible, to divest myself of all personal feelings. My motto, in all my labours in this cause, has uniformly been, I shall "nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice." The necessity of bringing forward the names of so many individuals in connexion with the disclosures made in these volumes, has been to me the most painful part of the task imposed upon me in the present undertaking. "Surely, to every good and thing to be a displeaser and molester of thousands; peaceable man, it must, in nature, needs be a hateful

much rather would it like him, doubtless, to be the messenger of gladness and contentment, which is his chief intended business to all mankind; but that they resist and oppose their own happiness."*

'We shall, perhaps, be told, that such evils should be left to be corrected by the progress of society; but long and painful experience has taught us, that the liberties we ask for an oppressed people do not fall into their lap like fruit from a tree when it is ripe, and never can be obtained from the privileged classes, except by the interference of a stronger power than that employed to keep them in a state of subjugation. Present gain is always preferred to that which is remote and contingent only, and the voice of humanity has little chance of being heard amidst the clamour of passion

and selfishness.

"The present Lieutenant-Governor of the Cape has displayed a liberal spirit towards the missions; but, while things remain in their present state, no permanent relief is to be hoped for, in opposition to the tide of prejudice and interest which the highest authority defend the natives. The Governor of such a colony as in the colony will have to oppose in endeavouring to the Cape of Good Hope, must always be dependent, for the information he receives respecting the Aborigines, upon those in official situations, and immediately about his person; and his informers being interested persons, or connected with such, it is extremely difficult for him to get at the truth of their situation, or to resist the tendency of the conversation of their enemies, to prejudice his mind against them, and against all plans proposed for their improvement. The greatest humanity and even talents in a Governor, are not always proof against unjust insinuations, caricatures, and calumnies invented to disparage the natives. While he remains in Cape Town, he has no means of obtaining correct information respecting them; and, if he travels over the country himself, the liability he is under to be imposed upon, is not lessened. In the first instance, he is deceived by the representations of others only; in the second, he becomes himself a party

in the deceit.

* Milton.

Price 7d.

'A Governor leaves Cape Town to visit the interior. Preparations are made for weeks previous to his journey. His intentions are announced in the Gazette; notices are sent to the local magistrates to have relays of horses ready on different parts of the road for his service; he spends a day or two at the seats of the chief magistrates of the districts through which he passes; he sees the local authorities and the farmers, converses with them, receives their petitions, and hears their complaints. The opgaaf, (taxes,) and the want of labourers, form the largest items in the list of grievances. The landdrosts, and clerks, and farmers, have all the same views respecting the Hottentots and other Aborigines; they consider them as the absolute property of the colonists, and as much made for their hears nothing but what is prejudicial to the Aborigines, use as their cattle and sheep. Thus, while the Governor and to every scheme devised for their benefit, he enters into all the measures recommended to him the more readily, because, ignorant of the arts which have been practised upon him, he does it under the false impression that he has seen every thing with his own eyes, and heard every thing with his own ears.

The subject of the present volumes, renders it necessary that something should be said in this place of the circumstances in which they originated, and of th object proposed by their publication. The sufferings of fully depicted by Mr. Barrow; but it did not begin to the natives under the Dutch Government, have been be suspected in England, till lately, how little their condition has been improved by the change of masters they experieuced when the English took possession of the Cape. It seems to have been too easily taken for granted, that, because we could declaim against Dutch inhumanity, and because the natives, in the first instance, viewed own conquest of the colony as a deliverance, that all their early expectations had been realized, and that their oppressions had passed away with the pressions, at least, under which I arrived at the Cape power of their former masters. Such were the imof Good Hope in 1819, and such were the feelings I endeavoured to cherish, till I could no longer retain them.

'During my first journey into the interior of the country, in 1819, many facts came under my observation at variance with the favourable opinion I had formed of the condition of the natives; but the expla

nations I received from the local authorities of the dis

tricts, where inquiries were made, led me to suppose that they arose out of the old habits of the people which our Government had not been able to correct; but that, nevertheless, the work of amelioration was going forward, and that in a few more years there would be no grounds for further complaint.

'When I had occasion to submit the grievances of the people to our institutions, the colonial Government, the facts were denied by the local authorities, against whom the complaints were made. I was presented with Government proclamations, declaring the Hottentots to be a free people, and declaring at the same time that their improvement and happiness had always been a favourite object with the colonial Government. And there was so much address displayed in the management of the whole system, that it might have continued to operate for an unlimited time, had it not been for the collision occasioned by its coming in contact with our missionary institutions, and for the obstinacy which refused to lessen the friction till the sparks burst into

flames.

'To account for the manner in which the oppressions of the natives have been increased of late years, it will be necessary to take into consideration the change which has taken place in their relative value as labourers, by the abolition of the slave-trade in 1807. While slaves could be got for a trifle, by the vessels engaged in this trade touching at the Cape, the natives were not of much importance to the colonists, and many of them in those districts in which slaves were numerous, were allowed to live after their ancient manner. In the more remote and thinly-inhabited districts of the colony, in which there were few slaves, and in

from the wall, when the thought of Jubal struck me. There was a struggle of a moment in my mind. To linger now, might be to give the guard time to intercept me. I was ravening for liberty. It was to me now, what water in the desert is to the dying caravan. It was the sole assuaging of a frantic thirst, of a fiery and consuming fever of the soul. If every grain of dust under my feet were diamonds, I would have given them to feel myself treading the dewy grass that lay waving on the hill-side before me.

'A tall shadow passed along, and compelled me to pause. It was that of a mountain shepherd, spear in hand, guarding his flock from the depredations of the wolves. He stopped at a short distance from the dungeon, and, gazing on the moon, broke out with a rude, but not unsweet, voice into song. The melody was wild, a lamentation over the fallen glories of Judea; "whose sun was set, and whose remaining light, sad and holy as the beauty of the moon, must soon decay." The word freedom mingled in the strain, and every note of that solemn strain vibrated to my heart: The shepherd passed along.

'I tore down the bar, and gazed upon the glorious face of heaven. My feet were upon the free ground. I returned hastily to the cell, and told Jubal the glad tidings; but he heard me not. To abandon him there was to give him up to inevitable death, either by the rage of the guard, or by the less merciful infliction of famine. I carried him on my shoulders to the

entrance.

'A roar of wrath, mixed with ridicule, broke on me, as I touched the threshold. The guard stood drawn up in front of the dilapidated door; and the sight of the prisoner entrapped in the very crisis of escape, was the true food for ruffian mirth. Staggering under my burden, I yet burst forward, but I was received in a circle of levelled spears. Resistance was desperate; yet, even when sunk upon the ground under my burden, I attempted to resist, or gather their points in my bosom and perish. But my feeble efforts only raised new scoffing. I was unworthy of Roman steel; and the guard, after amusing themselves with my impotent rage, dragged me within the passage, placed Jubal, who neither spoke nor moved, beside me, blocked up the door, and wished me 66 better success the next time."

'I spent the remainder of that night in fierce agitatation. The apathy, the protecting scorn of external things that I had nurtured, as other men would nurture happiness, was gone. The glimpse of the sky haunted me; a hundred times in the course of the night I thought I was treading on the grass, that I felt its refreshing moisture; that the air was breathing balm on my cheek; that the shepherd's song was still echoing in my ears, and that I saw him pointing to a new way of escape from my inextricable dungeon. In one of my ramblings I fell over Jubal. Exasperated at the stern reality round me, I flung the crow-bar from my hand. A sound followed, like the fall of large stones into water. The sound continued. Still stranger echoes followed, which my bewildered fancy turned into all similitudes of earth and ocean; the march of troops, the distant roar of thunder, the dashing of billows, the clamour of battle, the boisterous mirth of Bacchanalians; the groaning and heaving of masts and rigging tossed by storm.

The dungeon was dark as death, and I felt my way towards the sound. To my surprise, the accidental blow of the bar had loosened a part of the wall; and made an orifice large enough to admit the human body. The pale light of morning showed a cavern beyond, narrow and rugged; but into which I was resolved to penetrate. It branched into a variety of passages, some of them fit for nothing but the fox's burrow. Two were wider. I returned to the lair of my unhappy companion, and prevailed on him to follow, only by the declaration, that, if he refused, 1 must perish by his side. My scanty provisions were gathered up. I led the way; and, determined never to return to the place of my misery, we set forward, to tempt in utter darkness the last chances of famine -pilgrims of the tomb.

We wandered through a fearful labyrinth for a period which utterly exhausted us. Of night or day we had no knowledge; but hunger keenly told us that it was long. I was sinking; when a low groan struck my ear. I listened pantingly: it came again. It was evidently from some object close beside me. forth my hand, and pulled away a projecting stone: a flash of light illumined the passage. Another step would have plunged us into a pool a thousand feet below.

I

put

'The cavern thus opened to us was large, and seemed to be the magazine of some place of trade.

It was crowded with chests and bales heaped together in disorder. But life and liberty were before us.'Vol. ii, pp. 224–230.

After this escape, Salathiel becomes successively engaged in the various attacks on the Roman forces; but, as the history of his career consists of scenes, connected together rather by the order of their occurrence than by any particular plot in the fable, an analysis would be useless. Through all his adventures, he bore a charmed life; and it is to show this mystery of his hero's being, that the author has constructed the magnificent machinery of his story. The sword, the the wildest fury of fire and tempest, dungeon, the insidious snares of unseen enemies, even the dreadful power of demons, surround this fateprotected man, and in vain assault him. However deadly the slaughter of his besieged countrymen, he stood safe; and when the predicted day of wrath came, and the glorious temple, the pride of the whole earth, fell in blazing ruins on the grave of a lost nation, the flames that destroyed every other living being within the consecrated circle, left him alive to hear again the words, Tarry thou, till I come.'

We give the following as a specimen of the author's style in dialogue: it describes an interesting

Interview between Salathiel and Titus.

'Doubt was now at an end, and I advanced. My step roused the party, and they started up, drawing their swords. But the quick eye of Titus recognised me; and, satisfying his companions by a gesture, I heard him pronounce to them: "My antagonist, the prince of Naphtali." There was no time for ceremony; and I addressed him at once.

"Son of Vespasian, you are a soldier, and know what is due to the brave: I come to solicit your mercy; it is the first time that I ever stooped to solicit man. My brother, a chieftain of Israel, is in your hands, condemned to the horrid death of the cross; he is virtuous, brave, and noble; save him, and you will do an act of justice more honourable to your name than the bloodiest victory."

Titus looked at me in silence, and evidently perplexed; then returned to his chair, and, having consulted with his companions, hesitatingly pronounced: "Prince, you know not what you have asked. I am bound, like others, by the Emperor's commands; and they strictly are, that none of your countrymen, taken after the offer of peace, must live."

"Hear this, God of Israel," I cried, "King of vengeance, hear and remember."

"You are rash, prince," said Titus, gravely: "yet I can forgive your national temper. With others, even your venturing here might bring you into hazard. But the perfidy of your people makes truce and treaty impossible. They leave me no alternative. I lament the necessity. It is the desire of the illustrious Vespasian to reign in peace. But this is now at an end."

'He paused, and advancing towards me offered his hand, with the words, "I know that there are brave and high-minded men among your nation. I have been astonished at the valour, nay, I will call it, the daring and heroic contempt of suffering and death, that this siege has already shown. I have been witness too," and he smiled, " of the prince of Naphtali's prowess in the field, and I would most willingly have such among my friends."-I waited for the conclusion. "Why not come among us," said he; " give up a resistance that must end in ruin; abandon a cause that all the world sees to be desperate; save yourself from popular caprice, the violence of your rancorous factions, and the final fall of your city?-Be Cæsar's friend; and name what life, possession, or employ, you will."

"The thought of deserting the cause of Jerusalem was profanation. I drew back, and looked at the majestic Roman, as if I saw the original tempter at my

side.

"Son of Vespasian, I am at this hour a poor man, as I may in the next be an exile or a slave; I have ties to life as strong as ever were bound round the heart of man; I stand here a suppliant for the life of one whose loss would embitter mine! Yet, not for wealth unlimited, for the safety of my family, for the life of the noble victim that is now standing at the place of torture, dare I abandon, dare I think the impious thought of abandoning the cause of the City of Holiness."

The picture of her ruin rose before my eyes, and

sorrow.

tears forced their way; my strength was dissolved; my voice was choked. The Romans fixed their looks on the ground, affected by the sincerity of a soldier's I took the hand that was again offered. "Titus! in the name of that Being, to whom the wisdom of the earth is folly, I adjure you to beware. Jerusalem is sacred. Her crimes have often wrought her misery-often has she been trampled by the armies of the stranger. But she is still the City of the Omnipotent; and never was blow inflicted on her by man, that was not terribly repaid.

"The Assyrian came, the mightiest power of the world; he plundered her temple, and led her people into captivity. How long was it before his empire was a dream, his dynasty extinguished in blood, and an enemy on his throne? The Persian came; from her protector, he turned into her oppressor; and his empire was swept away like the dust of the desert! The Syrian smote her: the smiter died in agonies of remorse; and where is his kingdom now? The Egyptian smote her; and who now sits on the throne of the Ptolemies? Pompey came; the invincible, the conqueror of a thousand cities; the light of Rome; the lord of Asia, riding on the very wings of victory. But he profaned her Temple and from that hour he went down-down, like a mill-stone plunged into the ocean! Blind counsel, rash ambition, womanish fears, were upon the great statesman and warrior of Rome. Where does he sleep? What sands were coloured with his blood? The universal conqueror died a slave, by the hands of a slave! Crassus came at the head of the legions; he plundered the sacred vessels of the sanctuary. Vengeance followed him, and he was cursed by the curse of God. Where are the bones of the robber and his host? Go, tear them from the jaws of the lion and the wolf of Parthia,-their fitting

tomb!

""You, too, son of Vespasian, may be commissioned for the punishment of a stiff-necked and rebellious people. You may scourge our naked vice by the force of arms ; and then you may return to your own land exulting in the conquest of the fiercest enemy of Rome. But shall you escape the common fate of the instrument of evil?-shall you see a peaceful old age?— shall a son of yours ever sit upon the throne ?-shall not rather some monster of your blood efface the memory of your virtues, and make Rome, in bitterness of soul, curse the Flavian name?"

Titus grew pale; and shuddering, covered his eyes with his mantle, as he sat. His companions stood gazing on me with the awed aspect of men gazing on the messenger of fate. Spare Eleazar," was all that I could utter. Titus made a sign to the page; who flew to bear, if not too late, the orders of mercy.'Vol. i., pp. 261–266.

With the destruction of the temple, the account of Salathiel's immediate misfortunes ends; and he thus concludes his narrative:

Conclusion.