Source Book in Bioethics: A Documentary History

Front Cover
Albert R. Jonsen, Robert M. Veatch, LeRoy Walters
Georgetown University Press, Sep 7, 1999 - Medical - 640 pages

Government agencies and commissions, courts, and legislatures have during the past several decades produced reports, rendered decisions, and passed laws that have both defined the fundamental issues in the field of bioethics and established ways of managing them in our society. Providing a history of these key bioethical decisions, this Source Book in Bioethics is the first and only comprehensive collection of the critical public documents in biomedical ethics, including many hard-to-find or out-of-print materials.

Covering the period from 1947 to 1995, this volume brings together core legislative documents, court briefs, and reports by professional organizations, public bodies, and governments around the world. Sections on human experimentation, care of the terminally ill, genetics, human reproduction, and emerging areas in bioethics include such pivotal works as "The Nuremberg Code," "The Tuskegee Report," and "In the Matter of Baby M," as well less readily available documents as "The Declaration of Inuyama," the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences statement on genetic engineering, and "The Warnock Committee Report" on reproductive technologies from the United Kingdom. Three eminent scholars in the field provide brief introductions to each document explaining the significance of these classic sources.

This historical volume will be a standard text for courses in bioethics, health policy, and death and dying, and a primary reference for anyone interested in this increasingly relevant field.

From inside the book

Selected pages

Contents

THE SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING WITH HUMAN BEINGS
299
NIH POINTS TO CONSIDER FOR GENE THERAPY RESEARCHERS
314
INFORMATION FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC
317
Recommendations of European Medical Research Councils
319
THE DECLARATION OF INUYAMA
322
MAPPING AND SEQUENCING THE HUMAN GENOME
324
THE GENOME PROJECTSHOW BIG HOW FAST?
327
ETHICAL ISSUES ARISING FROM HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND ARRANGEMENTS
335

FEDERAL REGULATIONS REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS OF RESEARCH
62
FINAL REPORT OF THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY AD HOC ADVISORY PANEL
76
RESEARCH ON IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
88
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 1988
103
THE ETHICS OF DEATH AND DYING
111
CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARD DEATH AND MEDICINE
113
MEDICAL LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE DEFINITION OF DEATH
118
THE SUPREME COURT STATE OF NEW JERSEY 1976
143
STATE OF CALIFORNIA 1976 REVISED THROUGH 1992
149
SUPERINTENDENT OF BELCHERTOWN STATE SCHOOL V SAIKEWICZ
153
ETHICAL MEDICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN TREATMENT DECISIONS
159
THE SUPREME COURT STATE OF NEW JERSEY 1985
220
110 SCT 2841 1990
229
FINAL RULE
238
IN THE MATTER OF BABY K 1993
247
ETHICAL ISSUES IN HUMAN GENETICS
253
ISSUES IN GENETICS
255
PROGRAMS PRINCIPLES AND RESEARCH
260
SCREENING AND COUNSELING FOR GENETIC CONDITIONS
263
IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL POLICY
288
ON GENETIC ENGINEERING
296
INTRODUCTION
337
HEW SUPPORT OF RESEARCH INVOLVING IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER
341
COMMITTEE TO CONSIDER THE SOCIAL ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES ARISING FROM IN VITRO FERTILIZATIONFIRST INTERIM RE...
343
THE WARNOCK COMMITTEE LONDON
347
AMERICAN FERTILITY SOCIETY 1986
358
INSTRUCTION ON RESPECT FOR HUMAN LIFE BY THE CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH 1987
369
IN THE MATTER OF BABY M NEW JERSEY SUPREME COURT
376
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL CHOICESUS CONGRESS OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 1988
386
THE GLOVER REPORT TO THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 1989
395
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS 1990
398
FINAL REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON NEW REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES 1993
403
ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE CHANGING HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
407
INTRODUCTION
409
THE UNIFORM ANATOMICAL GIFT ACT 1968
412
ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1986
418
CANTERBURY V SPENCE 464 F 2D 772 1972
448
THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF INFORMED CONSENT IN THE PATIENTPRACTITIONER RELATIONSHIP
463
TARASOFF V REGENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA 1974
494
INDEX
505
Copyright

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Page 230 - Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body ; and a surgeon who performs an operation without his patient's consent commits an assault, for which he is liable in damages.
Page 36 - At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the government upon vital questions, affecting the whole people, is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made, in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their government into the hands of that eminent tribunal.
Page 11 - The voluntary consent of the human sub)ect is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion...
Page 65 - ... and sensitivity to such issues as community attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safeguarding the rights and welfare of human subjects. In addition to possessing the professional competence necessary to review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to ascertain the acceptability of proposed research in terms of institutional commitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of professional conduct and practice. The IRB shall therefore include persons...
Page 243 - ... not be effective in ameliorating or correcting all of the infant's life-threatening conditions; or (iii) otherwise be futile in terms of the survival of the infant; or (C) the provision of such treatment would be virtually futile in terms of the survival of the infant and the treatment itself under such circumstances would be inhumane.
Page 12 - ... 7 Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death. 8 The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment.
Page 64 - Private information" includes infor-mation about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can rea-sonably expect that no observation or recording is taking place, and Information which has been provided for specific purposes by an individual and which the individual can reasonably expect will not be made public (for example, a medical record). Private information must be individually identifiable...
Page 71 - Secretary will consider whether the risks to the subject are so outweighed by the sum of the benefit to the subject and the importance of the knowledge to be gained as to warrant such modification or waiver and that such benefits cannot be gained except through a modification or waiver. Any such modifications or waivers will be published as notices in the FEDERAL REGISTER. Subpart C— Additional Protections Pertaining to Biomedical and Behavioral Research Involving Prisoners as Subjects SOURCE:...
Page 12 - The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment.
Page 13 - The purpose of biomedical research involving human subjects must be to improve diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic procedures and the understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of disease.

About the author (1999)

Albert R. Jonsen is a professor of ethics in medicine and chairman of the Department of Medical History and Ethics at the University of Washington School of Medicine.

Robert M. Veatch is professor of medical ethics and former director of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University.

LeRoy Walters is Joseph P. Kennedy Professor of Christian Ethics at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics.

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