385,707 NA Not available. 1 Table excludes all ferroalloy production except where otherwise noted. 2 In addition to the countries listed, North Vietnam and Zaire (formerly Congo-Kinshasa) presumably have facilities to produce pig iron, but available information is inadequate to make reliable estimates of output levels. Includes sponge iron output as follows in thousand short tons: Mexico: 1967-359, 1968-410, 1969-444, 1970 679, 1971-743; Sweden: 1967-168, 1968-168, 1969- 196, 1970-203, 1971-191. Includes ferroalloys, if any are produced. Includes blast furnace ferroalloys. May include ferroalloys. 7 Includes blast furnace ferroalloys except ferromanganese and spiegeleisen. * Includes blast furnace ferroalloys, if any are produced. Includes ferroalloy production. Table 16.-Ferroalloys: World production by country 1 and furnace type 1 In addition to the countries listed, the People's Republic of China and North Korea are known to produce ferroalloys but output of these materials are included in estimates for pig iron in the iron and steel chapter; therefore they have been omitted here to avoid duplication. East Germany also is known to produce ferroalloys but it is not clear from source publications whether output has been included together with that of pig iron in the iron and steel chapter. Also, Colombia, Greece, Norway, Peru, Venezuela, and Southern Rhodesia may produce ferroalloys and output, if any, is also included with pig iron in the iron and steel chapter. 2 Blast furnace ferroalloy production by Australia, Canada, and United States included under electric furnace output. Production not reported separately from that of pig iron, which is presented in the iron and steel chapter. 4 Blast furnace ferromanganese and spiegeleisen only; other blast furnace ferroalloys are included with pig iron production in the iron and steel chapter. * Includes electric furnace ferroalloys if any are produced. In addition to the countries listed, the United Kingdom and the U.S.S.R. are known to have produced electric furnace ferroalloys and Romania may have produced some electric furnace ferroalloys, but output is not reported and no basis for estimation is available. 7 Year ended November 30 of that stated. 1 Steel formed in first solid state after melting suitable for further processing or sale. In addition to the countries listed, North Vietnam produces raw steel, but information is inadequate to make reliable estimates of output levels. Data from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). Excludes steel produced by foundries not reporting output to AISI but reported to Bureau of Census as follows (in thousand tons): 1969-1,906; 1970-1,723; 1971-1,583. Ingots only. 'Apparently excludes shipyard production of steel castings. Revised to exclude iron castings. Iron and Steel Scrap By Harold J. Polta 1 Domestic consumption of iron and steel scrap the first half of 1971 was well above that of the first half of 1970, and nearly equaled that of 1969 when consumption reached a record high. However, the decline in steel production that followed labor contract negotiations in the steel industry in July, resulted in a greatly reduced demand for scrap during the last 6 months of the year. This, together with large declines in scrap export trade, had the scrap processing industry operating considerably below 1970 levels. Prices were well below those of the year before. Concern about the quality of our environment and emphasis on conservation of natural resources remained high. Industry cooperated with environmental groups in setting up can collection centers, and an increasing number of States passed legislation designed to encourage the recycling of junked autos. However, both consumers and processors of scrap apparently agreed that to increase recycling will require inceasing demand for ferrous scrap. Research by the Bureau of Mines and others was directed toward improving the quality of scrap and finding ways to use greater quantities of low-quality scrap in steelmaking. 1 Mining engineer, Division of Ferrous Metals. Table 1.-Salient iron and steel scrap, and pig iron statistics in the United States (Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 1 1965-69 included ships, boats, and other vessels for breaking up (for scrapping). Legislation and Government Programs. -The U.S. Department of Commerce removed controls on exports of certain nickel-containing commodities to free-world countries in midyear. After removal of these controls, U.S. companies were no longer required to obtain permission from the Department to export iron and steel scrap containing nickel, nickel alloy scrap, and certain other nickel products to West ern Europe, South America, Japan, and other free-world nations. In line with the general policy of improving foreign relations, the United States relaxed restrictions on exports of "consumer grades of iron and steel scrap" to Communist Bloc countries including the Peoples Republic of China and the U.S.S.R. Other items allowed to be exported under general license included most |