administrative authority was to secure proper cooperation and coordination in the various lines of work.

State cooperation.--Three States made appropriations for cooperative geologic work, viz, Maine, $1,500; Pennsylvania, $4,000, and North Carolina, $1,000.

Publications. The official publications of the geologic branch during the year included 13 geologic folios, 1 monograph and the atlas accompanying another (XXXII), 12 professional papers, 16 bulletins, and the annual volume on mineral resources. These embody the economic results of the work and the principal contributions to science resulting from the various investigations. In addition there were published, with the permission of the Director, in scientific journals and the transactions of scientific societies, a large number of papers based in whole or in part on the work of this branch.

DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY.

Organization. As during the last several years, the administrative control of the division was in the hands of the geologist in charge of geology, while scientific supervision was exercised by the section chiefs. The latter are responsible for the methods employed in the various lines of investigation and for the quality of the results presented in Survey publications. The form of organization, altho somewhat complex, is thoroly satisfactory, and is necessitated by the diversity and complexity of the problems under investigation.

Personnel. The scientific force of the division at the beginning of the fiscal year consisted of 47 geologists, 6 paleontologists, 40 assistant geologists, and 16 geologic aids. Of these, 31 geologists, 15 assistant geologists, and 10 aids were occupied continuously thruout the year; the remainder, being on the per diem roll, gave only a portion of their time or none at all to Survey work. During the year resignations and appointment resulted in a net gain of 4 in the force. In addition to the above regular force 5 field assistants were employed for a poron of the

year.

GEOLOGIC WORK IN NEW ENGLAND ANDORTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION.

in Maine was continued. The was finished and the geologic Lount Desert area was continued. folio, previously surveyed, was Brief reports on the lime

During the year cooperative wo, mapping of the Rockland quadra folio prepared, and work on the The text for the Penobscot Be completed and submitted for pulication. stone and clay of the Rockland area and on new occurrences of slate prepared for the annual economic bulthe granite quarries was made, and

and graphite in the State were letin. A special examination

the detailed report, which will be issued as a bulletin of the Survey, is nearly ready for publication.

The maps and manuscripts for the Quinsigamond and Ware folios, covering several quadrangles in Massachusetts, were completed with the exception of the Pleistocene geology, on which considerable progress was made, the mapping of the Quaternary deposits of the Brookfield quadrangle being finished. Considerable progress was also made in the study of the Pleistocene geology of the areas covered by the Housatonic and adjacent folios in Massachusetts.

A special investigation was made of the several drift sheets and Pleistocene formations of Rhode Island and the southern part of Massachusetts for the purpose of differentiating them and correlating them with the pre-Wisconsin deposits of Long Island. In connection with this investigation a study was made of the clays of Cape Cod, a brief report of which was prepared for the annual economic bulletin.

In cooperation with the New Jersey State Survey the Franklin Furnace folio was completed. In connection with this work a general study of the iron-ore deposits of the pre-Cambrian region of New Jersey and southeastern New York was made for the purpose of determining the mode of origin of these ores, the study having a direct bearing on the investigation of the zinc and manganese-bearing ores in the Franklin Furnace area. As a result of this investigation a special report on the zinc-ore deposits of the Franklin Furnace and Stirling Hill regions is in preparation. It will contain a chapter on the interesting minerals of this portion of New Jersey, which has long been classical collecting ground for the mineralogist.

The mapping of the crystalline rocks of the Raritan and Passaic quadrangles and of portions of the Greenwood Lake and Easton quadrangles of New Jersey was also completed.

Special attention was given to the critical examination of type localities of crystalline rocks in New England, the New Jersey Highlands, and the Pennsylvania Piedmont Plateau region, with a view to clarifying the relations of the various crystalline rocks, a problem which is directly connected with the economic resources of the East. Additional field work was done in the Mercersburg and Chambersburg quadrangles, in Pennsylvania, with a view to mapping the Ordovician formations on a partially paleontologic basis, and in the West Chester, Norristown, and Philadelphia quadrangles, for the purpose of elucidating certain complicated structural problems. Considerable progress was also made in the areal and economic surveys of the Coatesville and Phoenixville quadrangles, Pennsylvania, but additional field work will be necessary before the results can be prepared for publication.

GEOLOGIC WORK IN ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN.

In cooperation with the Maryland State Survey, stratigraphic and paleontologic studies were made in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina for the purpose of correlating the Coastal Plain formations of New Jersey with those of North Carolina. The economic deposits and water-bearing horizons were studied at the same time.

As a result of cooperation with the division of hydrology in the investigation of the position and availability of the water-bearing beds of the region, considerable additions were made to the knowledge of the stratigraphy and structure of portions of the Coastal Plain in North Carolina and much valuable paleontologic material was obtained.

GEOLOGIC WORK IN EASTERN APPALACHIAN AND PIEDMONT REGIONS.

The survey of the West Virginia and Pennsylvania portions of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles was completed and the Quaternary gravels of the Flintstone and Frostburg quadrangles in Maryland were mapped in detail.

Special studies were made of the cement resources of Virginia and Alabama, of the Oriskany iron ores of Virginia, and of the brown ores of southwestern Virginia. Brief reports of the results of these investigations were prepared for the annual economic bulletin, and a detailed report on the iron-ore investigations is in preparation.

The field work connected with the investigation of the granites and granite industry of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama was nearly completed, and considerable progress was made in the laboratory study of the rocks.

In cooperation with the State Geological Survey of Virginia, a special study was made of the copper resources of the Appalachian region from Virginia southward into Alabama. A brief report on this investigation was published in the annual economic bulletin of the Survey and a full report has been prepared for publication as a special bulletin of the Virginia State Survey.

The areal and economic surveys of the Roan Mountain quadrangle in North Carolina and Tennessee, of the Morganton quadrangle in North Carolina, and of the Ellijay quadrangle in Georgia were completed. The text for the Roan Mountain folio and the geologic map for the Ellijay folio were finished and considerable progress was made in the preparation of the text for the Morganton folio.

The areal geology of the Dahlonega mining district was mapped in detail and considerable progress made in the preparation of a special economic report, but additional field work will be necessary before this report can be completed.

The investigation of the economic resources of the Balsam Mountain region in North Carolina, which was undertaken in cooperation

with the North Carolina State Survey, was completed and good prog ress made in the preparation of the report, which will be published as a bulletin of the Survey and will include a chapter on the copper deposits of the neighboring Cowee quadrangle.

In addition, a special report, to be published as a bulletin of the Survey, on the gold belt of South Carolina was completed and submitted for publication.

GEOLOGIC WORK IN WESTERN APPALACHIAN REGION.

During the year detailed areal and economic surveys of the Punxsutawney, New Castle, and Claysville quadrangles in Pennsylvania, of the Kenova quadrangle in West Virginia and Kentucky, and of the Nicholas quadrangle in West Virginia were completed, and surveys of the Sewickley and Clarion quadrangles in Pennsylvania were started. The study of the physiography and Quaternary geology of the Catatonk quadrangle in New York was completed, and the Watkins GlenCatatonk folio is nearly ready for publication. The manuscripts for the Amity, Rogersville, and Barnesboro-Patton (Pennsylvania) geologic folios and for the following economic bulletins were also completed and submitted for publication: On the oil and gas sands of the Claysville, Burgettstown, and Steubenville quadrangles, Pennsylvania; on the oil and gas of Greene County, Pa.; on the economic resources of the Amity, Pa., quadrangle; on the economic resources of the Kenova quadrangle in Ohio, West Virginia, and Kentucky, and on the Berea grit sandstone of the Steubenville quadrangle in Ohio. Other economic bulletins are in preparation, as follows: On the Pittsburg coal of the Claysville, Burgettstown, and Steubenville quadrangles in Pennsylvania; on the economic resources of the Nicholas, W. Va., quadrangle, and on the coal resources of the BarnesboroPatton region in Pennsylvania. The work in Pennsylvania was done in cooperation with the State.

In addition, the following brief reports on economic investigations in this region were prepared for the annual economic bulletin, No. 285: Coal resources of the Kenova quadrangle (Kentucky-Ohio-West Virginia). The Clearfield coal field, Pennsylvania.

The Punxsutawney and Glen Campbell coal fields of Indiana and Jefferson counties, Pa.

The Nineveh and Gordon oil sands in western Greene County, Pa.

Notes on clays and shales in central Pennsylvania.

Clay resources of northeastern Kentucky.

Clays of western Kentucky and Tennessee.

Cement resources of the Cumberland Gap district, in Virginia and Tennessee. Glass-sand industry in eastern West Virginia.

Iron ores of Bath County, Ky.

GEOLOGIC WORK IN GULF REGION.

During the year the study of the red hematite or fossil ores of northern Alabama was completed, and a brief report on the same was prepared for the annual economic bulletin. A large amount of work was also done in the study of the iron ores and other economic resources of the Birmingham district, and in the independent study of the newly discovered gray ore districts in the vicinity of Talladega, Ala. A series of detailed reports on these investigations is now in preparation. A brief report on the Warrior coal basin, in the Birmingham quadrangle, was prepared for the annual economic bulletin.

Progress was made in the areal and economic survey of the Brookwood and Birmingham quadrangles, Alabama, but additional field work will be necessary before the reports can be completed.

The resurvey, based on paleontologic evidence that made possible a more accurate classification and correlation of the coal-bearing formations, which had heretofore yielded meager faunas, of the southern parts of the McAlester, Tuskahoma, and Windingstair quadrangles, in Indian Territory, was completed. Brief investigations were also made of the oil and gas prospects in the vicinity of Huntsville, Ala., and of the copper deposits of Archer County, Tex.

GEOLOGIC WORK IN GREAT LAKES REGION.

During the year the detailed areal survey of the Hartford, West Bend, and Poynette quadrangles, in southeastern Wisconsin, made with special reference to the Quaternary geology, was completed, and that of the Baraboo quadrangle was commenced. The manuscript for the Milwaukee Special folio was completed. The revision of the manuscript for a professional paper on the bowlder trains of southcentral Wisconsin and their relations to the glacial formations of the region was completed, but additional critical field studies will be made it is expected during the present field season-before the manuscript is transmitted to the printer.

The glacial formations, ancient lake deposits, soils, surficial and underground waters, and physiographic features of the eastern portion of the upper peninsula of Michigan were studied in the field and mapped, the results being incorporated in a report which will be published as a monograph. In connection with this study considerable additional information was obtained regarding the former extent of the Great Lakes in this region. Additional studies were also made of the lacustrine features of the territory covered by the proposed monograph on the Michigan glacial lobe, but considerable additional work will be necessary to complete this report. In connection with these surveys in Michigan cooperation was carried on with the division of