teenth centuries offer less difficulty. I have much pleasure in expressing my grateful sense of the promptitude with which the Cecil, Russell, Sidney, and Lennox tombs have, by the noble and illustrious Houses which they represent, been restored to their original splendour, yet so as not to interfere with the general harmony of the surrounding edifice. These examples, it is hoped, will be followed up generally. The question of the later Monuments is sufficiently discussed in the account of them in the pages of this work.1 Doubtless, some rearrangement and reduction might with advantage take place. But, even where the objections of the representatives of the deceased can be surmounted, constant care is needed not to disturb the historical associations which in most cases have given a significance to the particular spots occupied by each. Each must thus be considered on its own merits. One measure, however, will sooner or later become indispensable, if the sepulchral character of the Abbey is to be continued into future times, for which, happily, the existing arrangements of the locality give ample facilities. It has been often proposed that a Cloister should be erected, communicating with the Abbey by the Chapter House, and continued on the site of the present Abingdon Street, facing the Palace of Westminster on one side, and the College Garden on the other Such a building, the receptacle not of any of the existing Monuments (which would be yet more out of place there than in their present position), but of the Graves and the Memorials of another thousand years of English History, would meet every requirement of the future, without breaking with the traditions of the past. I have ventured to throw out these suggestions, as See Chapter IV. relating to improvements which depend on external assisance. For such as can be undertaken by our Collegiate Body-for all measures relating to the conservation and repair of the fabric, and to the extension of the benefits of the institution-I can but express my confident hope that they will, as hitherto, receive every consideration from those whose honour is so deeply involved in the usefulness, the grandeur, and the perpetuity of the venerable and splendid edifice of which we are the appointed guardians, and which lies so near our hearts. June 1876. NOTE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. In order to ease the bulk of this volume, I have omitted from it the various documents which, having been printed in the three previous Editions, are there available for any who wish to refer to them, but are hardly required for general readers. I subjoin a 1. Letter from the late Joseph Robertson on the Legend, with Notes of Mr. Skene and Mr. Stuart 2. Geological Examination of it by Professor Ramsay . 594 . 597 (b) Judgment of the Privy Council on (c) Expenses for the Legal Proceedings of the Chapter of Windsor V. James I.'s Letter for the Removal of the Remains of Mary Queen . 618 I. Account of the Vault of Lennox, Duke of Richmond . 620 . 624 IV. Account of the Cromwell,' Monmouth,' or Ormond' Vault I. Feckenham's Speech on the Right of Sanctuary . 642 . 648 1. Physical Features of London and Westminster, 2-The Thames, the Hills and Streams, 3-The Island of Thorns, 5-The Spring, 7 II. Legends: Temple of Apollo, 8-Church of Lucius, 8-Church of Sebert A.D. 616, his Grave, 9-Monastery of Edgar, 10 III. Historical Origin, 10-EDWARD THE CONFESSOR; his Outward Appear- ance, 10-his Character, 11-The Last of the Saxons, the First of the His motives in the Foundation of the Abbey; 1. Consecration at Reims; 2. Situation of Thorney; 3. Devotion to St. Peter, 14-His Vow, 14-Connection of the Abbey with the name of St. Peter, 16-- Legend of the Hermit of Worcester, 17-of Edric the Fisherman, 17- of the Cripple, 20-of the Apparition in the Sacrament, 20 Palace of Westminster, 21-Journey to Rome, 21-Building of the End of the Confessor. Legend of the Vision of the Seven Sleepers 24 of the Pilgrim, 24-Dedication of the Abbey (Dec. 28, 1065), 25—— Death of the Confessor (Jan. 5, 1066), and Burial (Jan. 6), 27 Effects of his Character on the foundation, 28-Its Connection with |