whom Fuller Gabriel Goodman, 1561-1601; the Chapel of St. Benedict. says, 'Goodman was his name, and goodness was 'his nature.' He was the real founder of the present establishment-the Edwin' of a second Conquest. Under him took place the allocation of the monastic buildings before described. Under him was rehabilitated the Protestant worship, after the interregnum of Queen Mary's Benedictines. The old copes were used up for canopies. The hangings were given to the College. A waste place found at the west end of the Abbey was to be turned into a garden.2 A keeper was appointed for the monuments.3 The order of the Services was, with some slight variations, the same that it has been ever since. The early prayers were at 6 A.M. in Henry VII.'s Chapel, with a lecture on Wednesdays and Fridays. The musical service was, on week days, at 9 A.M. to 11 A.M. and at 4 P.M., and on Sundays at 8 A.M. to 11 A.M. and from 4 P.M. to 5 P.M. The Communion was administered on the Festivals, and on the first Sunday in the month. To the sermons to be preached by the Dean at Christmas, Easter, and All Saints, were added Whitsunday and the Purification. The Prebendaries at this time were very irregular in their attendancesome absent altogether-some disaffected and would not come to church.' When they did come, they occupied a pew called the Knight's Pew.' Goodman's occupation of the Deanery was, long after his death, remembered by an apartment known by the name of 'Dean Goodman's Chamber.'5 He addressed the House of Commons in person to preserve the privileges of sanctuary to his Church, and succeeded for a time in averting the change. He was the virtual founder of the Corporation of Westminster, of which the shadow still remains in the twelve Burgesses, the High Steward, and the High Bailiff of Westminster-the last relic of the 'temporal power' of the ancient Abbots. His High Steward was no less a person than Lord Burleigh." The Pest To the School he secured 'the Pest House' or 'Sanatorium' on the river-side at Chiswick,' and planted with his own hands a row of elms, some of which are still standing in the adjacent field. It is on record that Busby resided there, with some of his scholars, in the year 1657. When, in our own time, this house was in the tenure of Mr. Berry and his two celebrated daughters, the names of Montague Earl of Halifax, John Dryden, and other pupils of Busby, were to be seen on its walls. Dr. Nicolls was the last Master who frequented it. Till quite recently a piece of ground was reserved for the games of the Scholars. Of late years its use has been superseded by the erection of a Sanatorium in the College Garden. Headmaster, Goodman might already well be proud of the School, which had for its rulers Alexander Nowell and William Camden. Nowell, whose life belongs to St. Paul's, of which he Nowell, afterwards became the Dean, was remarkable at West- 1543. minster as the founder of the Terence Plays. The illustrious Camden, after having been Second Master,2 was then, though a layman, by the Queen's request, appointed Head- Camden, master, and in order that he might be near to her 1593-99. 'call and commandment, and eased of the charge of living,' was to have his 'food and diet' in the College Hall.3 'I know 'not' he proudly writes, who may say I was ambitious, who 'contented myself in Westminster School when I writ my "Britannia."' 4 Headmaster, Lancelot 1601-5. Andrewes, Lancelot Andrewes, the most devout and, at the same time, the most honest of the nascent High Church party of that period, lamented alike by Clarendon and by Milton, was Dean for five years, Under his care, probably in the Deanery, met the Westminster Committee of the Authorised Version of James I., to which was confided the translation of the Old Testament, from Genesis to Kings, and of the Epistles in the New. In him the close connection of the Abbey with the School reached its climax. The Monastery of 'the West' (тò èπiçeþúpiov) was faithfully remembered in his well-known 'Prayers.' Dean Williams, in the next generation, 'had heard much what pains Dr. Andrewes did take both day and night to train up the youth bred in the Public School, 'chiefly the alumni of the College so called;' and in answer to his questions, Hacket, who had been one of these scholars, 1 Alumni Westmonast., p. 2. 2 Chapter Book, 1587. 3 State Papers, 1594. 4 Alumni Westmonast., p. 13. (For Camden's tomb see Chapter IV. p. 271.) 5 See his conduct to Abbot in his 6 misfortunes, and his rebuke to Neale. Andrewes was appointed Bishop of Chichester 1605, translated to Ely 1609, and to Winchester 1619; died September 25, 1626; buried in St. Saviour's, Southwark. told him how strict that excellent man was to charge our masters that they should give us lessons out of none but the most classical authors; that he did often supply the place both of the head-schoolmaster and usher for the space of an whole week together, and gave us not an hour of loitering-time from morning to night: how he caused our exercises in prose and verse to be brought to him, to examine our style and proficiency; that he never walked to Chiswick for his recreation without a brace of this young fry; and in that wayfaring leisure had a singular dexterity to fill those narrow vessels with a funnel. And, which was the greatest burden of his toil, sometimes thrice in a week, sometimes oftener, he sent for the uppermost scholars to his lodgings at night, and kept them with him from eight to eleven, unfolding to them the best rudiments of the Greek tongue and the elements of the Hebrew Grammar; and all this he did to boys without any compulsion of correction-nay, I never heard him utter so much as a word of austerity among us.' In these long rambles to Chiswick he in fact indulged his favourite passion from his youth upwards of walking either by himself or with some chosen companions, with whom he might confer and argue and recount their studies: and he would often profess, that to observe the grass, herbs, corn, trees, cattle, earth, water, heavens, any of the creatures, and to contemplate their natures, orders, qualities, virtues, uses, was ever to him the greatest mirth, content, and recreation that could be: and this he held to his dying day. Richard Neale, 1605-10. He was succeeded by Neale, who thence ascended the longest ladder of ecclesiastical preferments recorded in our annals.3 Years afterwards they met, on the well-known occasion when Waller the poet heard the witty rebuke which Andrewes gave to Neale as they stood behind the chair of James I. Neale was educated at Westminster, and pushed forward into life by Dean Goodman and the Cecils. He was installed as Dean on the memorable 5th of November, 1605; and after his elevation to the See of Lichfield and Coventry, he was deputed by James I. to conduct to the Abbey the remains of Mary Stuart from Peterborough. It was in his London 'Hacket's Life of Williams; Russell's Life of Andrewes, pp. 90, 91.Brian Duppa, who succeeded Andrewes in the See of Winchester, learned Hebrew from him at this time. (Duppa's Epitaph in the Abbey.) 2 Fuller's Abel Redivirus. Neale was appointed to the See of Rochester in 1608, and was thence translated to Lichfield and Coventry 1610, to Lincoln 1614, to Durham 1617, to Winchester 1627, and to York 1631. He was buried in All Saints' Chapel, in York Minster, 1640. Le Neve's Lives, ii. 143. Sec Chapter III. A statement of the Abbey revenues in his time is in the State Papers, vol. lviii. No. 42. residence, as Bishop of Durham, that he laid the foundation of the fortunes of his friend Laud. To him, as Dean, and Ireland,' as Master, was commended young George Herbert for Westminster School, where the beauties of his pretty behaviour and wit shined and became so eminent and lovely in this his 'innocent age, that he seemed marked out for piety and to ' have the care of heaven, and of a particular good angel to 'guard and guide him.' 2 1610-17. Tounson, The two Deans who succeeded, Monteigne 3 (or Montain) and Tounson, leave but slight materials. It would seem that a suspicion of Monteigne's ceremonial practices was the George first beginning of the transfer of the worship of the Monteigne, House of Commons from the Abbey to St. Margaret's. Richard It is recorded that they declined to receive the Com- 1617-20. munion at Westminster Abbey, for fear of copes and wafer 'cakes.' 5 The Dean and Canons strongly resented this, but gave way on the question of the bread. Tounson, as we have seen, was with Ralegh in the neighbouring Gatehouse twice on the night before his execution, and on the scaffold remained with him to the last, and asked him in what faith he died." On his appointment to the See of Salisbury, he was succeeded by the man who has left more traces of himself in the office than any of his predecessors, and than most of his successors. The last churchman who held the Great Seal-the last who occupied at once an Archbishopric and a Deanery-one of the few eminent Welshmen who have figured in history,―John WILLIAMS-carried all his energy into the precincts John Williams, of Westminster. He might have been head of the 1620-50. Deanery of Westminster from his earliest years; for he was educated at Ruthin, the school founded by his predecessor and countryman Dean Goodman. His own interest in the Abbey was intense. Abbot Islip and Bishop Andrewes were his two 8 Ireland went abroad in 1610, nominally for ill health, really under suspicion of Popery. (Chapter Book, 1610.) 2 Walton's Life, ii. 24. Amongst the Prebendaries at this time were Richard Hakluyt, the geographer, and Adrian Saravia, the friend of Hooker. It has been sometimes said that Casaubon held a stall at Westminster, but of this there is no evidence. 3 Monteigne was appointed Bishop of Lincoln 1617, translated to London 1621, Durham 1627, York 1628. Died and buried at Cawood, 1628. 4 Tounson was appointed Bishop of Salisbury 1620. Buried at the entrance of St. Edmund's Chapel, 1621. He was uncle to Fuller. * State Papers, 1614, 1621. See Chapter V. 7 See Notices of Archbishop Williams by B. H. Beedbam, p. 8. He had the usual troubles of imperious rulers. Ladies with yellow ruffs he forbade to be admitted into his church. (State Papers, vol. cxiii. No. 18, March 11, 1620-21.) He also models amongst his predecessors-the one from his benefactions to the Abbey, the other from his services to the School: His benefac The piety and liberality of Abbot Islip to this domo came into Dr. Williams by transmigration; who, in his entrance into that place, found the Church in such decay, that all that passed by, and loved the honour of God's house, shook their heads at the stones that dropped down from the pinnacles. Therefore, that the ruins of it might be no more a reproach, this godly Jehoiada took care for the Temple of the Lord, to repair it, set it in its state, and to strengthen it.' He tions to the began at the south-east part, which looked the more deAbbey, formed with decay, because it was coupled with a later building, the Chapel of King Henry VII., which was tight and fresh. The north-west part also, which looks to the Great Sanctuary, was far gone in dilapidations: the great buttresses, which were almost crumbled to dust with the injuries of the weather, he re-edified with durable materials, and beautified with elegant statues (among whom Abbot Islip had a place), so that £4500 were expended in a trice upon the workmanship. All this was his cost: neither would he impatronise his name to the credit of that work which should be raised up by other men's collatitious liberality. For their further satisfaction, who will judge of good works by visions and not by dreams, I will cast up, in a true audit, other deeds of no small reckoning, conducing greatly to the welfare of that college, church, and liberty, wherein piety and benficence were relucent in despite of jealousies. First, that God might be praised with a cheerful noise in His sanctuary, he procured the sweetest music, both for the organ and for the voiccs of all parts, that ever was heard in an English choir. In those days that Abbey, and Jerusalem Chamber, where he gave entertainment to his friends, were the volaries of the choicest singers that the land had bred. The greatest masters of that delightful faculty frequented him above all others, and were never nice to serve him; and some of the most famous yet living will confess he was never nice to reward them a lover could not court his mistress with more prodigal effusion of gifts. With the same generosity and strong propension of mind to enlarge the boundaries of learning, he converted a waste-room, situate in the east side of the Cloisters, into Plato's Portico, into a goodly Library;2 modelled it into decent shape, to the Choir, to the Library, |