2 ment erected 1762. Wolfe, killed Sept. 13, Greenwich, 1759. His 6 monument in the south aisle of the Nave, erected to Viscount Howe, the unsuccessful elder brother of the famous Lord Howe, admiral. But the one conspicuous memorial of that 1758; monuperiod is that of his brother's friend-friends to June 14, each other as cannon to gunpowder' to gunpowder'1- General General Wolfe. He was buried in his father's grave at Green- at Quebec, wich, at the special request of his mother; but the buried at grief excited by his premature death in the moment Nov. 20, of victory is manifested by the unusual proportions of monument. the monument, containing the most elaborate delineation of the circumstances of his death-the Heights of Abraham, the River St. Lawrence, the faithful Highland sergeant, the wounded warrior, the oak with its tomahawks. Nothing 'could express my rapture,' wrote the gentle Cowper, when Wolfe made the conquest of Quebec.' So deep was the enthusiasm for the little red-haired corporal,' that the Dean had actually consented to erect the monument in the place of the beautiful tomb of the Plantagenet prince, Aymer de Valence a proposal averted by the better taste of Horace Walpole, but carried out in another direction by destroying the screen of the Chapel of St. John the Evangelist, and dislodging the monument of Abbot Esteney. It marks, in fact, the critical moment of the culmination and decline of the classical costume and undraped figures of the early part of the century. Already, in West's picture of the Death of Wolfe, we find the first example of the realities of modern dress in art.4 3 Earl Howe-great not only by his hundred fights, but by ⚫ heart than on that part of the monu- LORD HOWE'S his character, undaunted and silent as a rock, who never 'made a friendship but at the cannon's mouth'-first of the naval heroes, received his public monument in St. Paul's instead of the Abbey. It was felt to be a marked deviation from the rule, and the Secretary of State, Lord Dundas, in proposing it to Parliament, emphatically gave the reason. It was that, on a late solemn occasion, the colours which 'Lord Howe had taken from the enemy on the first of June 6 had been placed in the metropolitan Cathedral.' But that great day of June is not left without its mark in Westminster. The two enormous monuments of Captains Harvey and Hutt, and of Captain Montagu, who fell in the same fight, originally stood side by side between the pillars of the Nave, the first beginning of an intended. series of memorials of a like kind. Corresponding to these three captains of the Nave, but of a slightly earlier date, are the three captains of the North Transept-Bayne, Blair, and Lord Robert Manners, who perished in like manner in Rodney's crowning victory, and whose colossal monument so cried for room as to expel from its place the font of the church, which has since taken refuge in the western end of the Nave." CAPTAINS. Hutt, and RODNEY'S 3 The tablet of Kempenfelt in the Chapel of St. Michael commemorates the loss of the Royal George.'5 Admiral Harrison Kempenfelt, is buried at the entrance into the Cloisters, with the two appropriate texts, Deus portus meus et refugium, Aug. 29, 1787. Harrison. Earl Dun donald, died Oct. 31, buried Nov. 14, 1860. Oct. 26, 1791. and Deus monstravit miracula sua in profundis; and the funeral of Lord Dundonald, in the Nave-thus at the close of his long life reinstated in the public favour-terminates the series of naval heroes which begins with Blake. Nelson, who at Cape St. Vincent looked forward only to victory or Westminster Abbey, found his grave in St. Paul's. 1 buried Aug. buried Nov. 4 Burgoyne, whose surrender at Saratoga lost America to England, lies, without a name, in the North Cloister. Burgoyne. But of that great struggle the most conspicuous 13, 1792. trace is left on the southern wall of the Nave by the memorial of the ill-fated Major André,2 whose remains, brought André, died home after a lapse of forty years, lie close beneath. Oct. 2. 1780, When,3 at the request of the Duke of York, the body 28, 1821. was removed from the spot where it had been buried, under the gallows on the banks of the Hudson, a few locks of his beautiful hair still remained, and were sent to his sisters. The string which tied his hair was sent also, and is now in the possession of the Dean of Westminster. A withered tree and a heap of stones now mark the spot, where the plough never enters. When the remains were removed, a peach tree, of which the roots had pierced the coffin and twisted themselves round the skull, was taken up, and replanted in the King's garden, behind Carlton House. The courtesy and good feeling of the Americans were remarkable. The bier was decorated with garlands and flowers, as it was transported to the ship. On its arrival in England, it was first deposited in the Islip Chapel, and then buried, with the funeral service, in the Nave, by Dean Ireland, Sir Herbert Taylor appearing for the Duke of York, and Mr. Locker, Secretary of Greenwich Hospital, for the sisters of André. The chest in which the remains were enclosed is still preserved in the Revestry. On the monument, in bas-relief, by Van Gelder, is to be seen the likeness of Washington receiving the flag of truce and the letter either of André or of Clinton. Many a citizen of the great Western Republic has paused before the sight of the sad story. Often has the head of Washington or André been carried off, perhaps by republican or royalist indignation, but more probably by the pranks of Westminster boys: 'the wanton mischief,' says Charles Lamb, 'of some school-boy, fired perhaps with some raw notions of Transatlantic freedom. The mischief was The only other mark of the AmeWragg, died rican war, showing the traSept. 3, 1777. gic interest it excited, is the monument to William Wragg, shipwrecked in his escape from South Carolina. 2 The bas-relief appears to represent André as intended to be shot; not, as was the case, to be hanged. Life of Major André, by Winthrop Sargeant, pp. 409-411. Burial Regis 6 ter. Annual Register, 1821, p. 333. In 1868 died an old American lady who had as a girl given him a peach on that occasion. The monument was deemed of sufficient importance to displace that of Major Creed. • Amongst them Benedict Arnold (through whose act André had suffered). Peter von Schenck, p. 147 6 'done,' he adds, addressing Southey, about the time that you were a scholar there. Do you know anything about the unfortunate relic?' Southey, always susceptible at allusions to his early political principles, not till years after could forgive this passage at arms. The wreath of autumnal leaves from the banks of the Hudson which is placed over the tomb was brought by the Dean from America. Sir R. Wil 1849. Sir James Outram, died at Pau, March 11, buried March 25, 1863. Lord Clyde, died Aug. 14, buried Aug. 22, 1863. Sir George Here and there a few warriors of the Peninsular War are to be found in the Aisles. Colonel Herries's funeral, in the south aisle of the Nave, was remarkable for the attendance of the whole of his corps, the Light Horse Volunteers, of which he was described as the Father.2 Sir Robert Wilson, son, May 15, like Lord Dundonald, after many vicissitudes, has found a place in the north aisle of the Nave.3 There also the late Indian campaigns are represented by the two chiefs, Outram and Clyde, united in the close proximity of their graves, after the long rivalry of their lives, followed by Sir George Pollock, whose earlier exploits preserved Afghanistan. The Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, and the loss of the 'Captain,' 1872. will be long recalled by the stained glass of the North Transept. The granite column which stands in front of the Abbey also records, in a touching inscription-from its public situation more frequently read perhaps than any other in London-the Westminster scholars who fell in those campaigns, and whose names acquire an additional glory from the most illustrious of their number, Lord Raglan. A monument not far from Kempenfelt, in the Chapel of St. John, was erected to the memory of Sir John Franklin by his hardly less famous widow, a few weeks before her own death in her 83rd year. Its ornaments are copied from the Arctic vegetation, and from the armorial bearings which served to identify the relics found on his icy grave, and the lines which indicate his tragic fate are by his kinsman, the PoetLaureate Tennyson. Monument to Sir John Franklin, 1875. Down to this point we have followed the general stream of history, as it has wound, at its own sweet will, in and out of Chapel, Aisle, and Nave, without distinction of class or order. 1 Lamb's Elia. 2 Lord Teignmouth's Life, i. 268. Two young officers, Bryan and Beresford, who fell at Talavera (1809), and Ciudad Rodrigo (1812), have monuments in the North Aisle. 4 The erection of the column (1861) is commemorated, and the inscription given in Lusus West., ii. 282-85. But there are channels which may be kept apart, by the separation both of locality and of interests. MODERN Lord The first to be noticed is the last in chronological order, but flows more immediately out of the general arrangement of the tombs. The statesmen of previous ages had, as THE we have seen, found their resting-places and me- STATESMEN. morials, according to their greater or less importance, in almost every part of the Abbey. But in the middle of the last century a marked change took place. Down to that time one exception presented itself to the general influx. The Northern Transept, like the north side of a country churchyardlike the Pelasgicum under the dark shadow of the north wall of the Acropolis of Athens-had remained a comparative solitude. But, like the Pelasgicum under the pressure of the Peloponnesian War, this gradually began to be occupied. At first it seemed destined to become the Admirals' Corner. They, more than any other class, had filled its walls and vacant niches. One great name, however, determined its future fate for ever. The growth of the naval empire which those nautical monuments symbolised had taken place under one commanding genius. William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, was the first English politician who, without other accom- Chatham, paniments of military or literary glory, or court- 1778. favour, won his way to the chief place of statesmanship. Whatever fame had gathered round his life, was raised to the highest pitch by the grand scene at his last appearance in the House of Lords. The two great metropolitan cemeteries contended for his body-a contention the more remarkable if, as was partly believed at the time, he had meanwhile been privately interred in his own churchyard at Hayes. It was urgently entreated by the City of London, as a mark of gratitude and veneration from the first commercial city of the empire towards the statesman whose vigour and counsels had so much contributed to the protection and extension of its 'commerce,' that he should be buried in the cathedral church ' of St. Paul, in the City of London.' Parliament, however, had already decided in favour of Westminster, on the ground that he ought to be brought near to the dust of His funeral, 'kings;' and accordingly, with almost regal pomp, June 9, 1778. the body was brought from the Painted Chamber, and interred 1 Anecdotes of Lord Chatham, pp. 332, 335; Malcolm, p. 254. R died May 11, |