it was well constituted for the splendour and security of the Crown; and religion, as it cherished and maintained that order and obedience that was necessary to both; without any other passion for the particular opinions which were grown up in it, and distinguished it into parties, than as he detested whatsoever was like to disturb the public peace.1 Duchess of Jan. 7, With him is buried his second wife, herself as remarkable as her husband-the most prolific of female writers, as is indicated by her book and inkstand on the tomb. She Margaret was surrounded night and day with young ladies, who Lucas were to wake up at a moment's notice to take down Newcastle, 'her Grace's conceptions;' authoress of thirteen 1673-4. folios, written each without corrections, lest her coming fancies should be disturbed by them; of whom her husband said, in answer to a compliment on her wisdom, 'Sir, a very wise woman ' is a very foolish thing:' but of whom, in her epitaph, with more unmixed admiration, he wrote that she was a very wise, witty, and learned lady, as her many books do testify;' and, in words with which Addison was very much pleased '-' Her 'name was Margaret Lucas, youngest sister of Lord Lucas of 'Colchester-a noble family, for all the brothers were valiant, Iand all the sisters virtuous."2 Of all the riders on Pegasus, 'there have not been a more fantastic couple than his Grace and his faithful Duchess, who was never off her pillion." There is as much expectation of her coming,' says Pepys, as if it were the Queen of Sweden.' He describes her appearance at the Royal Society: She hath been a good and 'seemly woman, but her dress so antick, and her deport⚫ment so ordinary, that I do not like her at all; nor did I hear 'her say anything that was worth hearing, but that she was full ' of admiration, all admiration! In reply to her question to Bishop Wilkins, author of the work on the possibility of a passage to the Moon-Doctor, where am I to find a place for waiting in the way up to that planet?'-Wilkins answered, 6 ‹ Madam, of all the people in the world, I never expected that ' question from you, who have built so many castles in the air, that you may lie every night at one of your own!' John Holles, By a slight anticipation of the chronological order, we may here notice the monument which stands next to this in the Transept, and which with it long guarded the open space. It was attracted to its position by a triple affinity to this particular spot. John Holles was descendant both of the families of George Holles and Sir Francis Vere, who lie immediAug. 9, 1711. ately behind; and after his marriage with the granddaughter of William Cavendish, who lies immediately by his side, he was created Duke of Newcastle. By all these united titles he became the richest subject that had been in 'the kingdom for some ages;'3 and his monument is ment, 1723. proportionably magnificent, according to the style which then prevailed. On it the sculptor Gibbs staked his immortality; and by the figures of 'Prudence' and 'Sincerity," which stand on either side, set the example of the allegorical figures which, from that time, begin to fill up the space equally precious to the living and the dead." His monu THE REVOLUTION OF 1688. Bentinck, Duke of Portland, 1709. The Duke of Schomberg, The statesmen and warriors of the Revolution have but slight record in the history of the Abbey. Bentinck, the Earl of Portland, with his first descendants, favourite and friend of William III., lies in the Ormond vault, just under the great east window." When Marshal Schomberg fell in the passage of the Boyne, it was felt that the only cemetery in which so illustrious a warrior, Aug. 4, 1719, slain in arms for the liberties and religion of England, could properly be laid,' was Westminster Wallin, Abbey. His corpse was embalmed and deposited for that purpose in a leaden coffin on the field. But, in fact, he was never carried further than Dublin, where he now lies in St. Patrick's Cathedral. His family, however, are interred in the Ormond vault at West aged 79. Sir Joseph buried Oct. 14. 1701. Temple, 1679. Lady 6 7 W. Temple, minster-brother, son, and daughter. In the vault of the Duke of Richmond, with whose family he was Feb. 1, 1698-9. connected by marriage,' is Sir Joseph Williamson, the English plenipotentiary at Ryswick.2 In the south aisle of the Nave lies, by the side of his daughter Diana and wife Dorothy (former love of Henry Cromwell), Sir William Temple,3 beneath a monument which combines their names with that of his favourite sister Lady Gifford, who long survived him. Marquis of One monument alone represents the political aspect of this era-that of George Saville, Marquis of Halifax, who, with his wife and daughter, lies in the vault of Monk close by. George But its position marks his importance. It is the first Saville, visible memorial of any subject that has gained a place Halifax, in the aisle which holds the tomb of Queen Elizabeth. 1695. Its classical style, with its medallion portrait, marks the entrance into the eighteenth century, which with its Augustan age of literature, and its not unworthy line of ministers and warriors, compensates by magnificence of historic fame for its increasing degradation of art and taste. QUEEN Close beside George Saville is the monument of the REIGN OF second Halifax, who lies with him in General Monk's ANNE. vault-Charles Montague, his successor in the foremost Charles ranks of the state, his more than successor as a patron Halifax. May of letters: When sixteen barren centuries had past, This second great Maecenas came at last.5 Montague, Earl of 26, 1715. He had an additional connection with Westminster from his education in the School, and in his will he desired to be 'buried privately in Westminster Abbey, and to have a hand'some plain monument.'6 The yet more famous ashes of his friend Addison were attracted, as we shall see, to that spot, by the contiguity of him who 'from a poet had become the chief 'patron of poets.' On Addison's coffin rests the coffin of James Craggs, Secretary of State, and, in spite of their divergent politics, the friend both of Addison and Craggs, Pope. The narrow aisle, where he was buried, could buried not afford space for more monuments; and in the 1720-1. erection of his memorial, at the western extremity of the small vault that contained Elizabeth Claypole, which is on the other side of the Chapel. 1 Nichols's Collect. viii. 12. 2 In St. Paul's Chapel is the monument of Sir Henry Bellasyze, governor of Galway, 1717. James died Feb. 16, March 2, His monument. church, we have at once the earliest example of a complete dissociation of the grave and tomb, and also the first monument of imposing appearance erected in the hitherto almost vacant Nave. His premature end at the age of thirty-five, by the smallpox, then making its first great ravages in England, no doubt added to the sympathy excited by his death. The statue was much thought of at the time. It 'will make the finest figure, I think, in the place; and it is the 'least part of the honour due to the memory of a man who 'made the best of his station.' So Pope wrote, and the interest which he expressed in the work during its execution never flagged the marble on which the Italian is now at work;' 'the cautions about the forehead, the hair, and the feet;' the visits to the Abbey, where he saw the statue up,' though the statuary was down' with illness; the inscription on the urn, which he saw scored over in the Abbey.' The The Latin inscription,' he says, His epitaph. I have made as full and yet as short as I possibly 'could. It vexes me to reflect how little I must say, and how 'far short all I can say is of what I believe and feel on that 'subject: like true lovers' expressions, that vex the heart from 'whence they come, to find how cold and faint they must seem to others, in comparison of what inspires them invariably in 'themselves. The heart glows while the tongue falters.' It exhibits the conflict in public opinion between Latin and English in the writing of epitaphs. It also furnishes the first materials for Dr. Johnson's criticism: epitaph remains. Statesman, yet friend to truth! of soul sincere, In action faithful, and in honour clear! Who broke no promise, serv'd no private end, Ennobled by himself, by all approv'd, Prais'd, wept, and honour'd by the Muse he lov'd. 4 JACOBUS CRAGGS, REGI MAGNE BRITANNIE A SECRETIS ET CONSILIIS SANCTIORIBUS, PRINCIPIS PARITER AC POPULI AMOR ET PELICIE VIXIT TITULIS ET INVIDIA MAJOR, ANNOS HEU PAUCOS, XXXV. The lines on Craggs [so writes Dr. Johnson] were not originally intended for an epitaph; and therefore some faults are to be imputed It stood originally at the east end of the Baptistery. 374. 2 Johnson's Poets, ii. 63. 3 See Pope's Works, iii. 368; vi. Pope, ix. 427, 428, 442.-For the character of Craggs, see his Epistle (ibid. iii. 295, 296; and for the original inscription, ibid. iv. 290). Johnson. to the violence with which they are torn from the poem that first contained them. We may, however, observe some defects. There is a redundancy of words in the first couplet: it is superfluous Criticism to tell of him, who was sincere, true, and faithful, that he was of Dr in honour clear. There seems to be an opposition intended in the fourth line, which is not very obvious: where is the relation between the two positions, that he gained no title and lost no friend? It may be proper here to remark the absurdity of joining, in the same inscription, Latin and English, or verse and prose. If either language be preferable to the other, let that only be used; for no reason can be given why part of the information should be given in one tongue, and part in another, on a tomb more than in any other place, or any other occasion; and to tell all that can be conveniently told in verse, and then to call in the help of prose, has always the appearance of a very artless expedient, or of an attempt unaccomplished. Such an epitaph resembles the conversation of a foreigner, who tells part of his meaning by words, and conveys part by signs.' The situation of the monument has been slightly changed, but the care which was expended upon it was not in vain, if the youthful minister and faithful lover of the Muses becomes the centre of the memorials of greater statesmen than himself, and of poets not unworthy of Pope-Pitt and Fox, Wordsworth and Keble. 6 In the Nave is a slight record of an earlier statesman of this age-Sidney, Earl Godolphin, chief minister of Queen Anne during the nine first glorious years of reign,' buried in the south aisle-‘a man of 'clearest head, the calmest temper, and the most 2 her Lord Godolphin, died Sept. oct. 8, 1712. 15, buried Duchess of 'incorrupt of all the ministers of states' that Burnet had ever known the silentest and modestest man that was, perhaps, ' ever bred in a court; '3 and who maintained to his life's end the short character which Charles II. gave him when he was page,- 'He was never in the way, and never out of the way.'4 The bust was erected to him by Henrietta (his Henrietta, daughter-in-law), daughter and heiress of the great Marl Duke of Marlborough, who was buried beside him and 1733. his brother. Her mother Sarah was standing by Lord Godolphin's deathbed, with Sir Robert Walpole, then in his early youth. The dying Earl took Walpole by the hand, and turning to the Duchess, said: 'Madam, should you ever desert this 1 Johnson's Poets, iii. 205, 206. 2 Own Time, vi. 135 (or ii. 614). Ibid. ii. 240 (or i. 479). 4 See Pope, v. 256. borough, |