are often too poor to buy more than one-half cent's worth of anything at a time, is a serious matter.

Some better provision for the control of helpless paupers and the suppression of vagrancy and mendicancy and for the better regulation of vice, crime, and disease has been urged. While some provision exists for the maintenance of boards of health, it is lacking for elementary instruction in the public schools in domestic hygiene.

Laws to regulate and control the homes, places of employment, and conditions of labor, and the employment of women and children, and to facilitate the adjustment of disagreements between the employer and the employed have not yet been sufficiently provided, according to the opinion of many of those best informed and most interested.

In this connection should be mentioned the need of the enactment and enforcement of insular laws requiring wages to be paid in cash and prohibiting the equivalent issue of checks or vales, redeemable only in specified places or commodities, in lieu of money.

Banking facilities adequate to new conditions should be established, with a system enabling the loan, under guarded conditions and at a moderate rate of interest, of money to planters and kindred enterprises based upon land or property security and affording an avenue of safe investment at reasonable interest of savings or other funds. In the same line of activity the organization of cooperative home-building associations and cooperative savings banks would accomplish much good and lead to that economy and saving which will most efficiently result in the owning of their homes by wage-workers.

In all of these directions improvement must be gradual; the ignorance of generations can not be overcome in a day, or even quickly. The example of better methods and their results must be relied on as the only convincing arguments in many of the lines of improvement. In the rural districts some of the more especial and distinctive needs of the breadwinners in the island are, in general, as follows: The revival of existing (but languishing) industries by the clearing and planting of devastated or neglected plantations. This often will require the loan of money to proprietors or the liquidation of their indebtedness by surrender to mortgagors and the development of the property by new owners. This will necessitate also the reseeding of the land. There has been so much inbreeding and neglect of fertilization and of rotation of crops that it may truthfully be said that practically there is need of renewal in every line. Lands have become impoverished, the cane has diminished in size and in saccharine product, tobacco, cocoanuts, ginger, etc., need new seed, live stock needs new blood, etc. To-day the cocoanuts of the island are unsalable because of inferior quality, the citrus fruits need budding anew, and new life, energy, and methods in cultivation are everywhere requisite;

The development of new agricultural industries and others dependent upon them, such as the establishment of yucca plantations and starch factories; of orange, lime, pineapple, banana, grape fruit, guava, and other fruit and vegetable plantations, and packing and canning factories; of herb and botanical gardens and their preparations; of new cultivations like the eucalyptus globulus, or blue gum tree, for fuel and railroad use, and the creation of stock farms and the raising of improved milch cattle, poultry, and swine;

The establishment of better facilities of transportation for crops to market and for food supplies, machinery, etc., to the interior, both by sea and land, including alike railroads, tramways, and public roads: The reclamation of land by clearing, fertilization, and adaptation to its best uses;

The better housing of plantation hands, with allowances of garden lands upon the estates or adjacent thereto;

The establishment of schools for the children of the island, in which especial attention shall be paid to the rudiments of education, and to manual training and instruction in sewing, cooking, and elementary domestic hygiene;

The establishment of associate cooperation of small sugar and yucca cultivators with the "central" factories, in the interest of all concerned;

The sale, lease, or joint operation of small areas, detached from the great estates, and their development as citrus fruit, small fruit, vegetable, dairy, botanic, poultry, or bee-culture farms, thus giving large employment to the present excess of labor;

The removal of the imbecile, hopelessly disabled, and paupers to the proper care of hospitals, homes, and asylums;

The general introduction of better implements, better cultivation, better seed, and the better curing, packing, and marketing of crops; Better domestic sanitary conditions, especial attention being given to sources of domestic water supply and the removal of excreta. OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT. Most of the opportunities for investment and employment in Porto Rico may be arranged under the following heads, viz:

1. Pursuits requiring considerable capital, large areas of land, and large numbers of employees.

2. Pursuits requiring small capital, less acreage, and a smaller number of employees; the latter usually of somewhat higher intelligence.

3. Pursuits carried on by means of small, often temporarily borrowed, capital, leased lands of varying areas, and labor hired in greater or less numbers and for varying periods.

4. Pursuits in which only manufacturing or preparing processes are followed, the raw product being supplied to the factory, either by sale at market rates or upon a cooperative basis.

5. Vocations in which no other capital is employed than one's own energy, knowledge, and "tools of trade."

6. Official, professional, commercial, or industrial pursuits, aside from the above named, usually calling for more or less capital, skill, experience, and business capacity.

7. Occupations which require distinctly personal or domestic service.

The first of these is exemplified by the great agricultural undertakings, such as sugar-cane cultivation and the associate manufacture of sugar; large coffee, tobacco, and vanilla plantations; stock raising, railroad construction, etc. The second is illustrated by the permanent fruit, apiculture, starch, dairy, and orange industries; the third by the operations of fruit, vegetable, and yucca "croppers," some apiculturists, guano gatherers, etc.; the fourth by fruit, tobacco, sardine, or ginger-root packers, canners, or preservers, starch manufacturers, etc.; the fifth by the whole list of skilled artisans and mechanics; the sixth by Government officials, physicians, dentists, engineers, bankers, merchants, steamship men, contractors, and journalists, and the seventh by barbers, cooks, nurses, and dressmakers.

The following is a detailed list of pursuits and industries offering opportunities for investment and employment in the island:

Coffee planting: Coffee berry.

Cotton planting: Cotton, cotton seed, cotton-seed oil.
Dairying: Milk, butter, buttermilk, cheese (hard and soft).
Fruit and small fruit growing, etc.:

Edible fruits now grown in Porto Rico

Grosella. A kind of tree gooseberry growing in clusters like grapes. No
English name.

Guava. Jellies, paste.

Guineo.

A small, very delicious banana or plantain, called in English "lady fingers."

Lemon, sweet.

Lime. Lime juice.

Mamey (mammee sopota).

Mangle. A white pulp inclosed in the shell of the mangrove tree. No
English name.

Mango.

Mangosteen (mangotin). A fruit the size of an apple.

Mulberry.

Nispero. A soft, very sweet, russet fruit. No English name

Orange, sweet. Orange juice, confections.

Pajuil. A small, pulpy, stone fruit. No English name.

Pineapple. Three varieties-sugar-loaf, Mayaguez, and cimarron, or wild.
Canned preserves.

Pomegranate.

Remp (quenepa). A South American seedling. A grape-like but stone fruit.

Sea-side grape. The British West India name.

Shaddock. Of the grape-fruit family.

Soursop. A large sweet fruit.

Tamarind. Tamarind pulp.

Edible fruits thought possible to Porto Rico

Cherries.

Dates.

Fruit and small fruit growing, etc.-Concluded.

Edible fruits thought possible to Porto Rico-Concluded.

Grapes, both raisin and table. Raisins and wine.

Japanese fruits.

Olives. Pickles.

Peaches. Preserves.

Plums. Preserves.

Prunes. Preserves.

Avocado pear.

Chinese plum.

Golden apple.

Granadilla.

Hog plum.
Jamaica plum.
Pois doux.
Sapadilla.

Sorrel.

Star apple.

Sugar apple.

Water lemon.

Edible nuts grown in Porto Rico

Almond, paper shell. Almond oil, confections.

Cashew. Oil.

English walnut. Oil and confections.

Pecan. Oil and confections.

Edible small fruits grown in Porto Rico

Fresa. A wild, so-called strawberry, but more like a raspberry in flavor

Ginger culture: Ginger root. Medicinal and culinary preparations and preserves. Indigo culture: India root. Dyestuff.