CODIFICATION

Section was a provision of the Sundry Civil Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1875.

A provision of the original text omitted here repealed so much of sections 24 and 43 of the National Currency Act, act June 3, 1864, ch. 106, 13 Stat. 106, 112, as required national bank notes to be burned to ashes.

§ 423. Laundering paper money.

The Secretary of the Treasury may employ such number of expert money assorters, feeders, and other employees, and expend such sums for contingent and miscellaneous items and for the purchase or construction and installation of papermoney laundering machines as may be necessary, in his judgment, to install, maintain, and operate laundering machines in the Treasury at Washington. (Aug. 26, 1912, ch. 408, § 1, 37 Stat. 595.)

CODIFICATION

Section was a provision of the Deficiency Appropriation Act for the fiscal year 1912. A proviso omitted here relative to annual estimates was incorporated in former section 583 of this title. Another proviso omitted as temporary made an appropriation for laundering paper money, to continue available during the fiscal year 1913. § 424. Counterfeit notes to be marked.

All United States officers charged with the receipt or disbursement of public moneys, and all officers of national banks, shall stamp or write in plain letters the word "counterfeit", "altered", or "worthless" upon all fraudulent notes issued in the form of, and intended to circulate as money, which shall be presented at their places of business; and if such officers shall wrongfully stamp any genuine note of the United States, or of the national banks, they shall, upon presentation, redeem such notes at the face value thereof. (June 30, 1876, ch. 156, § 5, 19 Stat. 64.)

CODIFICATION

Section was part of an act relating to receiverships of national banks, other sections of which are set forth in Title 12, Banks and Banking.

§ 425. State taxation.

Circulating notes of national banking associations and United States legal tender notes and other notes and certificates of the United States payable on demand and circulating or intended to circulate as currency and gold, silver, or other coin shall be subject to taxation as money on hand or on deposit under the laws of any State or Territory: Provided, That any such taxation shall be exercised in the same manner and at the same rate that any such State or Territory shall tax money or currency circulating as money within its jurisdiction. (Aug. 13, 1894, ch. 281, § 1, 28 Stat. 278.)

POSSESSION OF GOLD COINS AND BULLION

The possession of gold coins and bullion was prohibited except under Government license by Ex. Ord. No. 6260, eff. Aug. 28, 1933, set out in note under section 95a of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

CROSS REFERENCES

Gold coinage discontinued and existing gold coins withdrawn from circulation, see section 315b of this title.

§ 426. Same; national banks not affected.

The provisions of section 425 of this title shall not be deemed or held to change existing laws in respect

of the taxation of national banking associations. (Aug. 13, 1894, ch. 281, § 2, 28 Stat. 278.)

§ 427. Rules and regulations.

The Secretary of the Treasury shall make and issue from time to time such instructions and regulations to the several collectors, receivers, depositaries, officers, and others who may receive Treasury notes, United States notes, or other securities of the United States, or who may be in any way engaged or employed in the preparation and issue of the same, as he shall deem best calculated to promote the public convenience and security, and to protect the United States, as well as individuals, from fraud and loss. (R. S. § 251.)

DERIVATION

Acts Feb. 10, 1820, ch. 11, §§ 14, 15, 3 Stat. 543; Aug. 6, 1846, ch. 84, § 5, 9 Stat. 55; Res. May 14, 1856, No. 9, 11 Stat. 144; acts June 30, 1864, ch. 172, § 8, 13 Stat. 221; July 14, 1870, ch. 255, § 34, 16 Stat. 271.

§ 428. Gold certificates in exchange for gold bullion.

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to receive deposits of gold bullion with the Treasurer or any agencies designated under section 476 of this title, in sums not less than $20, and to issue certificates therefor, in denominations of not less than $20 each, corresponding with the denominations of the United States notes. The bullion deposited for or representing the certificates of deposit shall be retained in the Treasury for the payment of the same on demand. And certificates representing coin in the Treasury may be issued in payment of interest on the public debt, which certificates, together with those issued for coin and bullion deposited, shall not at any time exceed 20 per centum beyond the amount of coin and bullion in the Treasury. (R. S. § 254: May 29, 1920, ch. 214, § 1, 41 Stat. 655.)

DERIVATION

Act Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 73, § 5, 12 Stat. 711.

CODIFICATION

In the original text, the first sentence referred to deposits of "gold coin and bullion" with the Treasurer "or any assistant treasurer," and the second sentence referred to the "coin and bullion" deposited.

It was superseded, so far as it applied to gold coin by later acts incorporated in section 429 of this title.

By act May 29, 1920, the offices of the assistant tressurers were abolished, and the secretary was authorized to transfer their duties and functions to the Treasurer, etc. or utilize Federal reserve banks acting as depositaries or fiscal agents of the United States for the performance of such duties and functions. See section 476 of this title. A provision at the end of section making certificates receivable in payment of duties on imports, was omitted as superseded by section 451 of this title.

POSSESSION OF GOLD COINS AND BULLION

The possession of gold coins and bullion was prohibited except under Government license by Ex. Ord. 6260, Aug. 28, 1933, set out in note under section 95a of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

CROSS REFERENCES

Issuance of gold certificates in such denominations as the Secretary of the Treasury may determine, see section 405b of this title.

Restrictions on holding of gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates, see Ex. Ord. No. 6260, § 5, set out in note to section 95a of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

§ 429. Deposits of gold coin; gold certificates.

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to receive deposits of gold coin with the Treasurer, or any of the agencies designated under section 476 of this title, in sums of not less than $20, and to issue gold certificates therefor in denominations of not less than $10, and the coin so deposited shall be retained in the Treasury and held for the payment of such certificates on demand, and used for no other purpose. Such certificates when received for customs, taxes, and all public dues may be reissued, and when held by any national banking association may be counted as a part of its lawful reserve: Provided, That whenever and so long as the gold coin and bullion held in the reserve fund in the Treasury for the redemption of United States notes and Treasury notes shall fall and remain below $100,000,000 the authority to issue certificates as herein provided shall be suspended: And provided further, That whenever and so long as the aggregate amount of United States notes and silver certificates in the general fund of the Treasury shall exceed $60,000,000 the Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, suspend the issue of the certificates herein provided for: And provided further, That of the amount of such outstanding certificates onefourth at least shall be in denominations of $50 or less: And provided further, That the Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, issue such certificates in denominations of $10,000, payable to order: And provided further, That the Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, receive, with the agencies designated under section 476 of this title, in New York and in San Francisco, deposits of foreign gold coin at their bullion value in amounts of not less than $1,000 in value and issue gold certificates therefor of the description herein authorized: And provided further, That the Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, receive, with the Treasurer or any agencies designated under section 476 of this title, deposits of gold bullion bearing the stamp of the coinage mints of the United States, or the assay office in New York, certifying their weight, fineness, and value, in amounts of not less than $1,000 in value, and issue gold certificates therefor of the description herein authorized. But the amount of gold bullion and foreign coin so held shall not at any time exceed two-thirds of the total amount of gold certificates at such time outstanding. (R. S. § 254; July 12, 1882, ch. 290, § 12, 22 Stat. 165; Mar. 14, 1900, ch. 41, § 6, 31 Stat. 47; May 26, 1906, ch. 2558, 34 Stat. 202; Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2913, § 1, 34 Stat. 1289; Mar. 2, 1911, ch. 190, 36 Stat. 964; June 12, 1916, ch. 142, 39 Stat. 225; May 29. 1920, ch. 214, § 1, 41 Stat. 654.)

DERIVATION

Act Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 73, § 5, 12 Stat. 711.

CODIFICATION

Upon its incorporation into the Code, references to the assistant treasurers were changed to conform to section 476 of this title. See Codification note under section 428 of this title. A provision in the second sentence that the certificates should be receivable for customs, etc., was eliminated as superseded by section 451 of this title.

CROSS REFERENCES

Gold coinage discontinued and gold coins withdrawn from circulation, see section 315b of this title.

Issuance of gold certificates in such denominations as the Secretary of the Treasury may determine, see section 405b of this title.

Provisions requiring payment of obligations in gold declared against public policy, see section 463 of this title. Restrictions on holding of gold coin, gold bullion and gold certificates, see Ex. Ord. No. 6260, § 5, set out in note to section 95a of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

§ 430. Same; receiving by superintendents of mints or assayers of assay offices.

The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to constitute any superintendent of mint or assayer of any assay office a depositary to receive gold coin and bullion on deposit for the purposes provided for in sections 428 and 429 of this title. (June 8, 1878, ch. 170, 20 Stat. 102; May 29, 1920, ch. 214, § 1, 41 Stat. 654.)

CODIFICATION

Words "an assistant treasurer of the United States" changed to "a depositary" to conform to act May 29, 1920.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions of all officers of the Department of the Treasury, and all functions of all agencies and employees of the Department, were transferred, with certain exceptions, to the Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or the performance of any of his functions, by any of those officers, agencies, and employees, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, §§ 1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F. R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in note under section 241 of Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

CROSS REFERENCES

Deposits of gold bullion, see notes under sections 428 and 429 of this title.

GOLD COIN AND GOLD BULLION

§ 440. Short title.

The short title of sections 315b, 405b, 408a, 408b, 440--446, 733, 734, 752, 753, 754a, 754b, 767, 771, 821, 822a, 822b, and 824 of this title and sections 213, 411-415, 417, and 467 of Title 12 shall be the "Gold Reserve Act of 1934." (Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, § 1, 48 Stat. 337.)

§ 441. Title to gold coin and bullion transferred to United States; payment therefor.

On January 30, 1934, all right, title, and interest, and every claim of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, of every Federal Reserve bank, and of every Federal Reserve agent, in and to any and all gold coin and gold bullion shall pass to and are vested in the United States; and in payment therefor credits in equivalent amounts in dollars are hereby established in the Treasury in the accounts authorized under section 467 of Title 12. Balances in such accounts shall be payable in gold certificates, which shall be in such form and in such denominations as the Secretary of the Treasury may determine. All gold so transferred, not in the possession of the United States, shall be held in custody for the United States and delivered upon the order of the Secretary of the Treasury; and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Reserve banks, and the Federal Reserve agents shall give such instructions and shall take such action as may be necessary to assure that such gold shall be so held and delivered. (Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, § 2 (a), 1935, ch. 614, § 203 (a), 49

48 Stat. 337; Aug. 23, Stat. 704.)

REPEALS

All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this section were repealed by section 448 of this title.

CHANGE OF NAME

Act Aug 23, 1935, changed the name of the Federal Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

§ 442. Regulations for the acquisition and use of gold; exemption of gold held beyond continental United States.

The Secretary of the Treasury shall, by regulations issued hereunder, with the approval of the President, prescribe the conditions under which gold may be acquired and held, transported, melted or treated, imported, exported, or earmarked: (a) for industrial, professional, and artistic use; (b) by the Federal Reserve banks for the purpose of settling international balances; and (c) for such other purposes as in his judgment are not inconsistent with the purposes of sections 315b, 405b, 408a, 408b, 440446, 733, 734, 752, 753, 754a, 754b, 767, 771, 821, 822a, 822b, and 824 of this title and sections 213, 411-415, 417, and 467 of Title 12. Gold in any form may be acquired, transported, melted or treated, imported, exported, or earmarked or held in custody for foreign or domestic account (except on behalf of the United States) only to the extent permitted by, and subject to the conditions prescribed in, or pursuant to, such regulations. Such regulations may exempt from the provisions of this section, in whole or in part, gold situated in places beyond the limits of the continental United States. (Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, § 3, 48 Stat. 340; Proc. No. 2695, 11 F. R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352.)

REPEALS

All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this section were repealed by section 446 of this title.

CODIFICATION

Words "the Philippine Islands or other" preceding "places beyond" have been omitted on the authority of the Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, which granted independence to the Philippine Islands. 1946 Proc. No. 2695 is set out as a note under section 1394 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT

Power of the Secretary of the Treasury to perform, without the approval, ratification, or other action of the President, the functions vested in him by this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10289, September 17, 1951, 16 F. R. 9499, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

§ 443. Acquisition and use of gold in violation of law; penalties.

Any gold withheld, acquired, transported, melted or treated, imported, exported, or earmarked or held in custody, in violation of sections 315b, 405b, 408a, 408b, 440-446, 733, 734, 752, 753, 754a, 754b, 767, 771, 821, 822a, 822b, and 824 of this title and sections 213, 411-415, 417, and 467 of Title 12 or of any regulations issued hereunder, or licenses issued pursuant thereto, shall be forfeited to the United States, and may be seized and condemned by like proceedings as those provided by law for the forfeiture, seizure, and condemnation of property imported into the United States contrary to law; and in addition any person failing to comply with the provisions of said sections or of any such regulations or licenses, shall be sub

ject to a penalty equal to twice the value of the gold in respect of which such failure occurred (Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, § 4, 48 Stat. 340.)

REPEALS

All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this section were repealed by section 446 of this title.

§ 444. Definitions.

As used in sections 315b, 405b, 408a, 408b, 440-44 733,734, 752, 753, 754a, 754b, 767, 771, 821, 822a, 822b and 824 of this title and sections 213, 411-415, 41 and 467 of Title 12, the term "United States" means the Government of the United States; the term "the continental United States" means the States of the United States and the District of Columbia; the term "currency of the United States" means cur rency which is legal tender in the United States, and includes United States notes, Treasury notes of 1890. gold certificates, silver certificates, Federal Reserve notes, and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and national banking associations; and the term “person” means any individual, partnership, association, or corporation, including the Board of Go ernors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Reserve banks, and Federal Reserve agents. Whereve reference is made in such sections to equivalents & between dollars or currency of the United State and gold, one dollar or one dollar face amount of any currency of the United States equals such a number of grains of gold, nine-tenths fine, as, at the time referred to, are contained in the standard unit of value, that is, so long as the President shi not have altered by proclamation the weight of the gold dollar under the authority of section 821 of this title, twenty-five and eight-tenths grains d gold, nine-tenths fine, and thereafter such a numbe of grains of gold, nine-tenths fine, as the President shall have fixed under such authority. (Jan. K. 1934, ch. 6, § 15, 48 Stat. 344; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 64 § 203 (a), 49 Stat. 704; June 25, 1959, Pub. L. 86-10 § 25, 73 Stat. 147.)

CODIFICATION

The first par. of section 821 (b) (2), which authorised the President to fix by proclamation the weight of gat and silver dollars, expired by its own volition on June & 1943.

AMENDMENTS

1959-Pub. L. 86-70 substituted "and the District Columbia" for ", the District of Columbia, and the Ter tory of Alaska."

REPEALS

All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this secti were repealed by section 446 of this title.

CHANGE OF NAME

Act Aug. 23, 1935, changed the name of the Feder Reserve Board to Board of Governors of the Fede Reserve System.

CROSS REFERENCES

Weight of gold dollar reduced to 15% grains nine-tenths fine, see Proc. No. 2072, Jan. 31, 1934, 48 Stat. 1750, st out as note to section 821 of this title.

§ 445. Right to amend or repeal reserved; separability clause.

The right to alter, amend, or repeal sections 315 405b, 408a, 408b, 440-446, 733, 734, 752, 753, 7548 754b, 767, 771, 821, 822a, 822b, and 824 of this t and sections 213, 411-415, 417, and 467 of Title 12 is expressly reserved. If any provision of said see

tions, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid, the remainder of said sections, and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected thereby. (Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, § 16, 48 Stat. 344.) REPEALS

All laws inconsistent with the provisions of this section were repealed by section 446 of this title.

§ 446. Laws repealed.

All Acts and parts of Acts inconsistent with any of the provisions of sections 315b, 405b, 408a, 408b, 440-446, 733, 734, 752, 753, 754a, 754b, 767, 771, 821, 822a, 822b, and 824 of this title and sections 213, 411-415, 417, and 467 of Title 12 are repealed. (Jan. 30, 1934, ch. 6, § 17, 48 Stat. 344.)

SILVER PURCHASE

§§ 448-448e. Repealed. Pub. L. 88-36, title I, § 1, June 4, 1963, 77 Stat. 54.

Sections 448, 448a, act June 19, 1934, ch. 674, §§ 1, 9, 48 Stat. 1178, 1181, declared the short title for the silver provisions to be the "Silver Purchase Act of 1934" and authorized the issuance of rules and regulations, ⚫respectively.

Section 448b, acts June 19, 1934, ch. 674, § 10, 48 Stat. 1181; June 25, 1959, Pub. L. 86-70, § 26, 73 Stat. 147, de ́fined "person", "the continental United States", "monetary value", "stocks of silver" and "stocks of gold".

Sections 448c-448e, act June 19, 1934, ch. 674, §§ 11-13, 48 Stat. 1181, authorized appropriations, reserved the right to amend or repeal the silver purchase provisions and provided for a separability clause, and repealed inconsistent laws and declared the authority of the President and the Secretary of the Treasury to be supplemental to other conferred authority, respectively.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and banking associations, to be legal tender for payment of public debts, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, see sections 462 and 821 of this title.

§ 453. Treasury notes.

Demand Treasury notes authorized by the Act of July 17, 1861, chapter 5, 12 Stat. 259, and the Act of February 12, 1862, chapter 20, 12 Stat. 338, shall be lawful money and a legal tender in like manner as United States notes. Treasury notes issued under the Act of July 14, 1890, chapter 708, 26 Stat. 289, shall be a legal tender in payment of all debts, public and private, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in the contract, and shall be receivable for customs, taxes, and all public dues. (R. S. § 3589; July 14, 1890, ch. 708, § 2, 26 Stat. 289.)

DERIVATION

Act July 17, 1861, ch. 5, § 1, 12 Stat. 259; act Feb. 12, 1862, ch. 20, § 1, 12 Stat. 338; act Feb. 25, 1862, ch. 33, § 1. 12 Stat. 345; act Mar. 17, 1862, ch. 45. § 2, 12 Stat. 370

CODIFICATION

The first sentence of section is from R. S. § 3589. The second sentence is from act July 14, 1890.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and banking associations, to be legal tender for payment of public debts, public charges, taxes, duties. and dues, see sections 462 and 821 of this title.

§ 454. Interest-bearing notes.

Treasury notes issued under the authority of the Acts of March 3, 1863, chapter 73, 12 Stat. 710, and June 30, 1864, chapter 172, 13 Stat. 218-222, shall be legal tender to the same extent as United States notes, for their face value, excluding interest: Provided, That Treasury notes issued under the Act June 30, 1864, ch. 172, 13 Stat. 218-222 shall not be a legal tender in payment or redemption of any notes issued by any bank, banking association, or banker, calculated and intended to circulate as money. (R. S. 3590.)

DERIVATION

Acts Mar. 3, 1863, ch. 73, § 2, 12 Stat. 710; June 30, 1864, ch. 172, § 2, 13 Stat. 218.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and banking associations, to be legal tender for payment of public debts, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, see sections 462 and 821 of this title.

§ 455. Legal-tender quality of money not affected by certain sections.

Nothing contained in sections 146, 313, 314, 320, 406, 408, 410, 411, 429, and 751 of this title, and sections, 51, 101, 177, and 178 of Title 12 shall be construed to affect the legal-tender quality as now provided by law of the silver dollar, or of any other money coined or issued by the United States. (Mar. 14, 1900, ch. 41, § 3, 31 Stat. 46.)

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States to be legal tender for all debts, see sections 462 and 821 of this title. § 456. Foreign coins.

No foreign gold or silver coins shall be a legal tender in payment of debts. (R. S. § 3584.)

DERIVATION

Act Feb. 21, 1857, ch. 56, 3, 11 Stat. 163.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States to be legal tender for all debts, see sections 462 and 821 of this title.

§ 457. Gold coins of United States.

The gold coins of the United States shall be a legal tender in all payments at their nominal value when not below the standard weight and limit of tolerance provided by law for the single piece, and, when reduced in weight below such standard and tolerance, shall be a legal tender at valuation in proportion to their actual weight. (R. S. § 3585.)

DERIVATION

Act Feb. 12, 1873, ch. 131, § 14, 17 Stat. 426.

CROSS REFERENCES

Acquisition and use of gold in violation of law to subject the gold to forfeiture and subject person to penalty equal to twice the value of the gold, see section 443 of this title.

All coins and currencies of United States as legal tender, see sections 462 and 821 of this title.

Gold coinage discontinued and existing gold coins withdrawn from circulation, see section 315b of this title.

Provisions requiring obligations to be payable in gold declared against public policy, see section 463 of this title. § 458. Standard silver dollars; paid in silver.

Silver dollars coined under the Act of February 28, 1878, ch. 20, 20 Stat. 25, 26, together with all silver dollars coined by the United States, of like weight and fineness prior to the date of such Act, shall be a legal tender, at their nominal value, for all debts and dues public and private, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in the contract. But nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the payment in silver of certificates of deposit issued under the provisions of sections 428 and 429 of this title. (Feb. 28, 1878, ch. 20, § 1, 20 Stat. 25.)

CODIFICATION

Section is from the first section of the Bland-Allison Coinage of Silver Act.

Portions of the original text omitted here provided for the coinage of silver dollars of the weight of 4121⁄2 grains Troy of standard silver with the devices and superscriptions provided by act Jan. 18, 1837, ch. 3, 5 Stat. 137; and for the purchase of bullion to be coined into silver dollars. The provision for the purchase of bullion was repealed by act July 14, 1890, ch. 708, § 5, 26 Stat. 289. The provision for the coinage of silver dollars was omitted as superseded or obsolete.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and banking associations, to be legal tender for payment of public debts, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, see sections 462 and 463 of this title.

Obligations payable in any coin or currency which at the time is a legal tender notwithstanding a provision for payment in a particular kind of coin or currency, see section 463 of this title.

§ 459. Subsidiary silver coins.

The silver coins of the United States in existence June 9, 1879, of smaller denominations than $1 shall be a legal tender in all sums not exceeding $10 in full payment of all dues public and private. (June 9, 1879, ch. 12, § 3, 21 Stat. 8.)

CODIFICATION

Prior to its incorporation into the Code, this section read as follows: "The present silver coins of the United States of smaller denominations than one dollar shall

hereafter be a legal tender in all sums not exceeding ten dollars in full payment of all dues public and private." The twenty-cent piece, the coinage of which was thorized by act Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 143, § 1, 18 Stat. 478, w made a legal tender at its nominal value for any amoun not exceeding five dollars in any one payment, by section 2 of that act. The act was repealed by act May 2, 1873. ch. 79, 20 Stat. 47.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and banking associations, to be legal tender fo payment of public debts, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, see sections 462 and 821 of this title.

§ 460. Minor coins.

The minor coins of the United States shall be a legal tender, at their nominal value for any amount not exceeding 25 cents in any one payment. (R. S § 3587.)

DERIVATION

Act Feb. 12, 1873, ch 131, § 16, 17 Stat. 427.

CROSS REFERENCES

All coins and currencies of the United States, including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federa Reserve banks and banking associations, to be legal tender for payment of public debts, public charges, taxes, dutia. and dues, see sections 462 and 821 of this title. § 461. Commemorative coins.

CODIFICATION

Section, making certain enumerated commemorative coins legal tender, is omitted as executed in view of section 376a of this title discontinuing coinage and issuance of commemorative coins under acts enacted prior to Mar. 1,

1939.

Section was from acts Apr. 13, 1904, ch. 1253, § 6 39 Stat. 178; June 1, 1918, ch. 91, § 1, 40 Stat. 594; May 10 1920, ch. 176, § 1, 41 Stat. 595; May 10, 1920, ch. 177, į L 41 Stat. 595; May 12, 1920, ch. 182, § 1, 41 Stat. 597; Mar 4. 1921, ch. 153, § 1, 41 Stat. 1363; Feb. 2, 1922, ch. 45, 43 Stat. 362; Jan. 24, 1923, ch. 38, § 1, 42 Stat. 1172; P 26, 1923, ch. 113, § 1, 42 Stat. 1287; Mar. 17, 1924, ch. § 1, 43 Stat. 23; Jan. 14, 1925, ch. 79, § 5, 43 Stat. 749; Feb 24, 1925, ch. 302, §§ 1-3, 43 Stat. 965, 966; Mar. 3, 1955 ch. 482, § 4, 43 Stat. 1254; May 17, 1926, ch. 307. § 1, 44 Stat. 559; Mar. 7, 1928, ch. 135, § 1, 45 Stat. 198; June 15, 1933, ch. 82, § 1, 48 Stat. 149; May 9, 1934, ch. 265 §§ 1-4, 48 Stat. 679; May 14, 1934, ch. 286, § 1-3. 48 Stat. 776; May 26, 1934, ch. 355, §§ 1—4, 48 Stat. 807 June 21, 1934, ch. 695, §§ 1-4, 48 Stat. 1200; May 2, 1935. ch. 88, §§ 1-5, 49 Stat. 165, 166; May 3, 1935, ch. 90, §§ 1-4, 49 Stat. 174; June 5, 1935, ch. 176, 49 Stat. 3 Mar. 18, 1936, ch. 149, §§ 1-5, 49 Stat. 1165; Mar 20 1936, ch. 164, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1187; Apr. 13, 1936, ch. 211. §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1205; May 5, 1936, ch. 300, §§ 1-3. @ Stat. 1257; May 5, 1936, ch. 304, §§ 1—3, 49 Stat. 1259; M 6, 1936, ch. 331, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1262, 1263; May 15, 1936 ch. 399, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1276; May 15, 1936, ch. 402, §§ 1—§ 49 Stat. 1277, 1278; May 15, 1936, ch. 406, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat 1352, 1353; May 28, 1936, ch. 466, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1587 1388; June 16, 1936, ch. 583, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1522; June 16, 1936, ch. 584, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1523; June 16, 1938 ch. 586, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1524; June 24, 1936, ch. 760 §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1911; June 26, 1936, ch. 835, §§ 1-3. 49 Stat. 1972; June 26, 1936, ch. 837, §§ 1-3, 49 Stat. 1979 June 24, 1937, ch. 377, §§ 1-3, 50 Stat. 306; June 28, 1997, ch. 384, §§ 1-3, 50 Stat. 322, 323.

§ 462. Coins and currencies.

All coins and currencies of the United States (including Federal Reserve notes and circulating notes of Federal Reserve banks and national banking associations) heretofore or hereafter coined or issued. shall be legal tender for all debts, public and private. public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, except tha gold coins, when below the standard weight and limit of tolerance provided by law for the single