advisers to the President, the National Security Council and the Secretary of Defense. The Joint Chiefs of Staff are basically responsible for military strategy and the preparation of strategic and logistic plans. Their logistic plans, which are prepared in support of their strategic plans, are the beginning of the material requirements planning cycle. The Joint Chiefs of Staff are also responsible for the assignment of logistic responsibilities to the Military Services, the establishment of unified commands in strategic areas, and the formulation of policies for joint training and for coordinating the education of members of the military forces. The Chief of Naval Operations is the Navy member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff takes precedence over all other officers of the armed services. The Joint Chiefs of Staff are assisted by a Joint Staff which is restricted to not more than 210 officers, and composed of approximately equal numbers of officers from each of the three armed services. The Joint Staff has no command authority. It is headed by a Director appointed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff who directs the staff work as a full-time executive. Munitions Board The Chairman of the Munitions Board is appointed by the President from civilian life, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Other members are an Under Secretary or Assistant Secretary from each of the three military departments. It is basically responsible for (1) coordination of procurement, production, and distribution plans and policies of the Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense; (2) assignment of procurement responsibilities; (3) liaison with other Departments and Agencies of the Government for the proper correlation of military requirements with the civilian economy; and (4) the stockpiling of critical materials. Here are brought together, for coordination detailed material requirements as determined by each Department in support of the logistic plans of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and first-hand knowledge of the nation's industrial potential. The Munitions Board serves as the coordinating agency within the Department of Defense for official communications to and from the National Security Resources Board and other related government agencies. From the Munitions Board flows much of the basic data needed by the National Security Resources Board and other related government agencies in the discharge of their broader responsibility to the President. The Chairman of the Board is the principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense on supply management and industrial matters. With respect to all other matters within the Board's jurisdiction, it functions as an agent of the Secretary of Defense with authority, as delegated to the Chairman of the Board, to make decisions having the force and effect of acts of the Secretary. Research and Development Board The Chairman of the Research and Development Board is appointed by the Presi dent from civilian life by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Other members are two representatives from each of the Departments of the Army, Navy and Air Force. This Board is the over-all planning and coordinating agency in the field of research and development for military purposes. It has the task of assisting the Secretary of Defense in assuring adequate provision for research and development in the interest of national security. The Board is responsible for the formulation of policy; the preparation of complete and integrated research and development programs; allocation of responsibility to the departments for the conduct of specific programs and projects of joint interest; and the initiation of projects as deemed necessary in the interest of national security. It works in close relation with the Joint Chiefs of Staff in order to correlate research and development and strategic and logistic plans; and with the Munitions Board so that the latter may at all times be informed of requirements for materials, components, and production facilities needed to carry out research and development programs. On matters of major policy, the Board makes recommendations to the Secretary of Defense. With respect to all other matters within its jurisdiction, it functions as an agent of the Secretary of Defense with delegated authority to make decisions having the force and effect of acts of the Secretary. Against this background, the remaining chapters are devoted to a description of the functional organization of the Department of the Navy for the discharge of its statutory responsibility in support of national security. PART II THE NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT The Department of the Navy is alternatively referred to as the Naval Establishment. Geographically, and organizationally, it consists of three principal parts: the Operating Forces, Navy Department, and Shore Establishment (chart C). The Operating Forces are composed of the several fleets, seagoing forces, sea frontier forces, district forces, Fleet Marine forces, and such of the shore activities of the Navy and other forces and activities as may be assigned to it. The Navy Department is the executive part of the Naval Establishment located in Washington, D. C. It is the headquarters from which stems the over-all policy, command, administrative, and logistic direction of both the Operating Forces and the Shore Establishment; and is made up of the several bureaus, boards and offices of the department, the Headquarters, U. S. Marine Corps, and the Headquarters, U. S. Coast The Shore Establishment comprises the field activities of the Navy Department ashore, and includes all such activities not assigned to the Operating Forces. These are the activities distributed throughout the United States and outlying territories for the purpose of maintaining, supplying, equipping, repairing, overhauling and rendering similar services in support of the Operating Forces. It is on the Operating Forces that rests the broad responsibility of fulfilling the Navy's role in support of fundamental national policies and interests throughout the world. Hence, in a very true sense, both the Navy Department and the Shore Establishment exist for the purpose of supporting the Operating Forces. The Executive Organization The Naval Establishment is under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of the Navy and is administered by him as one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense, subject to the direction, authority and control of the Secretary of Defense. In addition to the Secretary, the Navy's top executive organization consists of his (a) Civilian Executive Assistants and (b) Naval Professional Assistants. These officials are responsible for such duties as may be prescribed by law, by Executive Order, or as assigned by the Secretary (appendix C). The Civilian Executive Assistants are the Under Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Secretary for Air, and Administrative Assistant to the Secretary. The positions of the Under and Assistant Secretaries, which are created by law are, as is the case with the Secretary, filled by appointment of the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The position of the Administrative Assistant was created by directive of the Secretary and is filled by his appointment. The Naval Professional Assistants fall into two categories as follows: a. Naval Command Assistant, who is the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and b. Naval Technical Assistants, which include the Chiefs of Bureaus, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Judge Advocate General, the Chief of Naval Research, the Chief of Naval Material, and the Commandant of the Coast Guard (when assigned to the Navy). Of these, the CNO, Chiefs of Bureaus, Commandants of the Marine Corps and Coast Guard, the Chief of Naval Research and the Judge Advocate General are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Responsibilities of the Executive Organization The broad responsibilities of the Naval Establishment and hence, of the Secretary, his Civilian Executive and Naval Professional Assistants, are expressed in the fundamental policy of the United States Navy as announced on 23 August 1949. "To maintain the Navy and Marine Corps, as part of the Department of Defense, in sufficient strength and readiness to fulfill its responsibilities as set forth in the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, and the 'Functions of the Armed Forces and the Joint Chiefs of Staff' issued by the Secretary of Defense on 21 April 1948." (Appendix E.) From the above statement of fundamental naval policy evolve four basic tasks, responsibility for which has been divided among the Secretary, his Civilian Executive Assistants, and Naval Professional Assistants. These tasks are "Policy Control", "Naval Command", "Logistics Administration and Control", and "Business Administration" of the Naval Establishment. Policy Control is the task of interpreting, applying and upholding national policies and interests in the development and use of the Naval Establishment. In addition to providing policy guidance to the Navy as a whole, and continuous appraisal of over-all performance, it encompasses the broadest concept of "public relations" which includes many and vital relationships such as those with the Congress, the President, the Secretary of Defense, public information media, and private concerns. Naval Command is the task of commanding the Operating Forces and maintaining them in a state of readiness to conduct war; of commanding the deployment, maneuvers and actions of the Operating Forces, both during war or national emergency, and in times of peace when they are training and preparing themselves for emergencies. It also includes the promulgation of directives throughout the Naval Establishment embracing matters of naval operations, security, intelligence, discipline, communications and similar functions of a military character, including their administration. It deals broadly with the conduct of all who wear the uniform of the Navy, and assumes full control of such personnel and their duties when they are serving with the Operating Forces; and is concerned with preserving the customs and traditions of the naval services. Logistic Administration and Control is the task of coordinating and directing the efforts of the Navy Department and Shore Establishment in order to assure the development, procurement, production and dis |