musqueteers waiting for the major's return, drinking and smoaking tobacco, as freely as if it were turned into an alehouse."*

The good bishop concludes his narrative with this account of the worse than savage treatment, which he and his family experienced from these pretended patriots and reformers.

"Still," says he, "I yet remained in my palace, though with but a poor retinue and means; but the house was held too good for me; many messages were sent by Mr. Corbet, [the principal of the commissioners for sequestrations] to remove me thence; the first pretence was, that the committee, who now was at charge for an house to sit in, might make their daily session there, being

* St. Paul's cathedral was served in the same manner, and converted into barracks for men and horses.

These outrages, however, were not peculiar to that rebellious period. The republican zealots only imitated what the pious John Knox, and his disciples had performed the preceding century, in Scotland, where the venerable remains of ancient piety and munificence still exist, to fill every sober mind with indignation and pity. There is only one cathedral left entire in that kingdom, and this is at Glasgow, which was saved in a remarkable manner,

"When the fanatics, in the year 1567, came to pull down this cathedral, a gardener, who stood by, said, 'My friends cannot you make it a house for serving God in your own way, for it would cost you a great deal of money to build such another? The fanatics desisted, and it is the only cathedral in Scotland that remains entire and fit for service."

Lord Buchan's Lives of Fletcher and Thomson.

a place

a place both more public, roomy, and chargeless. The committee, after many consultations, resolved it convenient to remove thither, though many overtures, and offers were made to the contrary: Mr. Corbet was impatient of my stay there, and procures and sends peremptory messages for my present dislodging: we desired to have some time allowed for providing some other mansion, if we must needs be cast out of this, which my wife was so willing to hold, that she offered (if the charge of the present committee house were the thing stood upon) she would be intent to defray the sum of the rent of that house, out of what the committee allowed her for a maintenance: but this was not granted out we must, and that in three weeks warning, by Midsummer Day then approaching, so as we might have lain in the street for ought I know, had not the providence of God so ordered it, that a neighbour in the close, one Mr. Gostlin, a widower, was content to quit his house for us."

Such were the tender mercies of these bigots, compared with whom, the Huns and the Vandals were a civilized and religious race.

The committee for sequestrating the bishop's property in the country, had allowed him four hundred pounds a year out of his estates, for the support of himself and his family, but before the first quarter became due, the committee in London prohibited its payment.

Thus reduced to poverty, this meek and exem

3

plary

plary man retired to a house which he rented at Higham, near Norwich, where, even out of the little pittance which remained, he distributed a weekly charity to a certain number of poor widows.

Here he died, September 8, 1656, and was buried in the church yard of St. Peter, Norwich, without any memorial, observing in his will: "I do not hold God's house a meet repository for the dead bodies of the greatest saints."*

It

* He expressed the same sentiment in an excellent sermon, preached by him at Exeter, on the consecration of a new burial ground in that city, August 24, 1637. On the practice of burying in churches, he observe:

"I must needs say, I cannot but hold it very unfit and inconvenient, both, first in respect of the majesty of the place; it is the Lord's house, the palace of the King of Heaven; and what prince would have his court made a charnel house? How well soever we loved our deceased friends, yet when their life is dissolved, there is none of us but would be loath to have their corpses inmates with us in our houses: And why should we think fit to offer that to God's house, which we would be loth to endure in our own? The Jews and we are in extremes this way: they hold the place unclean where the dead lies, and will not abide to read any part of the law near to ought that is dead; we make choice to lay our dead in the place where we read and preach both Law and Gospel.

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Secondly, in regard of the annoyance of the living; for the air (kept close within walls) arising from dead bodies, must needs be offensive, as we find by daily experience; more offensive now than of old to God's people; they buried with

odours,

It is well observed of Bishop Hall, by the person who preached his funeral sermon, that "his

odours, the fragrance whereof was a good antidote for this inconvenience; (she did this to bury me, saith our Saviour) not so with us; so as the air receives no other tincture than what arises from the evaporation of corrupted bodies."

In this opinion the bishop was not singular. Many men of the greatest judgment and piety have thought that the practice of burying in churches, instead of answering any good purpose, is injurious to health, and a mark of unbecoming ostentation. The great Sir Matthew Hale used to say that "Churches were for the living, and church-yards for the dead."

There was no such thing as burying in churches for the first three hundred years, though it was a custom with the primitive christians to hold their assemblies frequently at the burying places of the martyrs. Even after the empire became christian, laws were enacted prohibiting and restraining men from burying, both in cities and churches. In the sixth century, church-yards were made burying places, and afterwards kings, bishops, and other eminent persons were, by some laws, allowed interment in churches; but the practice did not become general till popery was fully established. The learned Rivetus speaking of this practice, says, worem, quem invexit Avaritia & Superstitio valde vellem apud nos cum aliis Superstitionis reliquiis esse abolitum, &c." This custom, which covetousness and superstition first brought in, I wish it were abolished with other relicks of superstition among us.' Grotius also makes the same complaint; and the learned Durantus, a Romanist, wishes the primitive practice were restored.

"hunc

It is much to be lamented that, in all our great cities and, large manufacturing towns, any cemeteries should be permitted within the walls.

industry

industry did not cease, or so much as abate, at: any of his preferments; he hath given," says he, "the world as good an account of his time as any man in it; as one that knew the value of time, and esteemed the loss of it more than a temporal loss, because it hath a necessary influence upon eternity. It is well known in this city, [of Norwich]" adds the preacher, "how forward he was to preach in any of our churches, till he was first, forbidden by men, and at last disabled by God.

"And when he could not preach himself, as oft, and as long as he was able, this learned Gamaliel was (not contented only, but) very diligent to sit at the feet of the youngest of his disciples; as diligent a hearer, as he had been a preacher; how oft have we seen him walking alone, like old Jacob, with his staff, to Bethel, the house of God?*"

How meekly he bore his sufferings we are told by the same person, who was intimately acquainted with him:

"But Israel at last," says he, "wanted bread for himself and his family: I cannot say this man did so, but how near he came to it, and by what means, we all know; but must not complain, because he never did: He had not the kindness that

Whitefoot's Funeral Sermon for Bishop Hall, preached

at St. Peter's, Norwich, 1656.