two branches of the intercostal which come down to the thorax form a considerable ganglion with it.

361. The sir lower dorsal nerves give branches to the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.

362. The twelfth joins with the first lumbar, and gives nerves to the musculus quadratus lumborum, and iliacus internus.

363. The five lumbar nerves on each side communicate with the intercostal, and with each other, and give branches backward to the loins.

364. The first communicates with the last dorsal, sends branches to the abdominal muscles, to the psoas iliacus, and to the anterior parts of the thigh, while its principal branch joins with the other nerves to form the crural nerve.

365. The second passes through the psoas muscle, and is distributed nearly in the same manner as the former; as is likewise the third.

366. Branches of the second, third, and fourth, make up one trunk, which runs along the fore part of the pelvis, and passing through the notch at the anterior part of the foramen magnum, ischii, and pubis, goes to the triceps, and to the teguments on the inside of the thigh. This nerve is commonly called the obturator or posterior crural.

367. By uniting branches from the first, second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves, the anterior crural nerve is formed, which, running along the psoas muscle, escapes from the abdomen along with the external iliac vessels, below the tendinous arch of the external oblique muscles. This nerve is distributed principally to the muscles and teguments on the fore part of the thigh. One branch, however, runs down the leg to the upper part of the foot, keeping near the saphena

vein.

368. The remainder of the third and fourth lumbar join with the fifth to help in the constitution of the largest nerve of the body, viz. the sciatic or ischiatic; which is further composed of the first, second, and third of the sacral nerves: this nerve, after sending large branches to the different parts of the pelvis, and to the external parts of generation, as likewise to the muscles of the hips, passes behind the greater tuber of the os ischium, and then over the quadrigemini muscles, to run down near to the bone of the thigh at its back part, giving off nerves to the neighbouring muscles and teguments some way above the ham, where it has the name of popliteal nerve; it here divides into two or sends off a large branch, which passes over the fibula, and, sinking among the muscles on the fore and outer part of the leg, runs down to the foot to be distributed about the upper part of the toes, supplying in its course the neighbouring muscles and teguments. The main branch, after giving nerves to the muscles and teguments above the ham and knee, and sending a large cutaneous nerve down the calf of the leg to supply the outside of the foot, sinks below the gemellus muscle, and distributes nerves to the muscles on the back of the leg; continuing its course it passes behind the internal malleolus, and in the internal hollow of the os calcis it divides into the plantar nerves, external and internal; the internal being sent to the toes in the same manner as the radiVOL. II.

alis in the hand; while the external, like the ulnaris of the hand to the palm and concave surface of the fingers, is distributed upon the sole of the foot and outer part of the toes.

369. The fourth sacral nerve is much smaller than the three just described; this is soon lost upon the urinary bladder and rectum.

370. The fifth, which is likewise as small, is distributed mainly to the levatores ani.

371. These sacral nerves, together with the sixth and last, all proceed from what has been called the Cauda Equina, or, indeed, the nervous branches constitute the cauda.

372. In the instance of the muscles and the arteries it will have been observed, that, after tracing and naming them according to the ordinary method and nomenclature, we have given concentrated views of proposed improvements in reference to these particulars. With respect to the nerves, as some views that have lately been taken of them refer rather to their functions than their distribution, we shall consider this proposed reformation in the article РHYSIOLOGY.

Dr. Gordon's tabular distribution of the nerves we however subjoin.

"There are eight pairs of cerebral nerves :— The olfactory. The optic.

The common oculo-muscular, motores conmunes oculorum.

The internal oculo-muscular nerves, the fourth pair according to the old enumeration, nervi pathetici

The external oculo-muscular, abductores oculo

rum.

The trigeminal, the fifth pair according to the old enumeration.

The facial, the portio dura of the seventh pair according to the old enumeration.

The auditory, the portio mollis of the seventh pair.

There are thirty-four pairs of spinal nerves :The glosso pharyngeal.

The pneumo-gastric, the eighth pair of the central nerves according to the old enumeration. Par vagum. Nervi vagi.

The hypo-glossal.
The accessory.
The suboccipital.
The cervical, seven pairs.
The dorsal, twelve pairs.
The lumbar, five pairs.
The sacral, five pairs.

"We have purposely,' says our author, 'avoided applying any numerical appellations to the primary nerves, which arise from the brain and the top of the spinal chord, in order that there might be the less risk of their being mistaken by those who have been long accustomed to the old but very inaccurate numerical nomenclature.'

373. It is usual to append to treatises on anatomy, directions for inspecting the various parts and organs of the body after death; but these directions, we think, will be more appropriately introduced under the head of SURGERY, to which, therefore, we refer our readers.

374. In recommending the best books for the anatomical student to consult, we cannot but R