Introductions and Reviews. First, you should read and discuss in class "Literature and Life" (pp. 15-20) and examine the Table of Contents, to gain a general understanding of the aims and purposes of the book as a whole. As you study the Contents, you will notice that each story and poem is a part of a special group that centers about some one big idea, such as Nature, Adventure, etc. Each selection will have a fuller meaning for you and will leave a more lasting impression if you understand how it, united with others in teamwork, helps to bring out the central thought of the unit. Before reading the selections in any group, you are asked to read and discuss in class the "Introduction" that precedes it, in order that you may know in a general way what to expect. As a preparation for a full appreciation of "Coaly-Bay," read the Introduction to The World. of Nature, page 23. And after you have read all the selections in a group, you will enjoy a pleasant class period discussing the Review found at the close of each unit-taking stock, as it were, of the joy and benefit gained from your reading.

In addition to the Introductions and the Reviews, this book furnishes other aids to your reading, in the form of helpful "Notes and Questions" that contain some or all of the following features:

Biography. It is always desirable to know something about the author. When you learn, for example, on page 37, that Ernest Thompson Seton has written many famous books about animals, and that he was appointed official naturalist for the government of Manitoba, Canada, you feel that he writes with authority in his chosen field.

Discussion. After you have read the story through in preparation for the class period, you will find under the topic "Discussion," questions and notes that will help you gain the full meaning. For example, see question 2, page 37. Other questions, such as 3 and 4, will call your attention to the methods authors employ to get their effects, and to the beauty of the language. Others call attention to the connection between the thought of the selection and the central idea of the unit, as question 7. Still others bring out the effect the story has upon the reader, as question 6.

Glossary. One of the benefits that you should gain from reading is the learning of new words and the ability to use them. At the end of the "Discussion" on page 38 you will find a list of words, the meaning of which you are to look up in the Glossary (p. 520), and

a second list that you should find out how to pronounce by using the Glossary. Many of these words you may think you know how to pronounce correctly; but perhaps you have been mispronouncing some of them. Look in the Glossary for the words listed under question 10, and you may find that you have been mispronouncing Arab or Salmon. When you are looking up words in the pronunciation lists, be sure that you also understand their meaning. In addition to the words in these lists the Glossary includes many other words. Whenever a selection contains a word that you are not sure you understand, form the habit of looking it up in the Glossary or the dictionary.

Besides the individual words you do not understand, you will sometimes find a phrase, or a group of words, used in some special sense. The most striking of these are listed under the topic "Phrases for Study." Look them up in the Glossary, for you will often find the hardest passage of the reading lesson made easy by the explanation of a single phrase.

NOTES AND QUESTIONS

Biography. Ernest Thompson Seton (1860- ), the artist and author, was born in England, but has spent most of his life in America. He was educated at the Toronto Collegiate Institute and at the Royal Academy, London. He was always interested in the study of birds and animals as he found them in their natural haunts in the backwoods of Canada and on the western plains of the United States, where he lived for a number of years. For several years he served as official naturalist to the government of Manitoba, Canada. Mr. Seton is well known as an artist and has illustrated many of his own books on birds and animals; he was also one of the chief illustrators of the Century Dictionary. He has written many books about birds and animals, among which are: The Biography of a Grizzly; Wild Animals at Home; and Wild Animal Ways, from which "Coaly-Bay, the Outlaw Horse" is taken.

Discussion. 1. Which one of the four owners that Coaly-Bay had at different times made the best bargain? Which one seemed to get the worst of it? Which one made short work of his ownership? Did any of them show a sympathy with Coaly-Bay's spirit? 2. Arabian horses are noted for graceful form, speed, intelligence, and spirit; can you tell why those who saw Coaly-Bay thought he must be of Arabian blood? 3. How does the leading guide's remark about Coaly-Bay's lameness show

that it was a skillful imitation? 4. Notice the beauty of the author's description of Coaly-Bay's joining his kindred. With this in mind, prepare to read aloud the last three paragraphs of the story; which sentences do you like particularly well? 5. Compare the information on the sign with that given by the gardener to the hunters after the bargain was settled; how do you account for the difference? 6. How do you explain your sympathy for the horse in spite of his viciousness? 7. In the Introduction on pages 25 and 26 you read that some selections present the facts of Nature as "interpreted through the imagination of the poets," while others show "what men of scientific training have observed"; to which of these kinds does this story belong? 8. On page 25 you read that “animals have personalities like human beings"; how does the story of Coaly-Bay prove the truth of this statement? 9. Find in the Glossary the meaning of: foal; careering; vestige; bucking; hobbling; superb; limpid; caracoled; harry. 10. Pronounce: Arab; corral; indomitable; Salmon; subtly.

Chaldean plain, 34, 31

purpling plain, 35, 1

claim his toll, 35, 12

spurned Arabian plains, 35, 19
desert's highest born, 35, 22

Reading. The Willful Beauty.

1.

Questions for Testing Silent Where is the scene of this story laid? 2. How did Coaly-Bay get his name? 3. Tell about his nature. 4. What is a "quit-the-bunch" horse? 5. Tell of the horse trainer's experience trying to break Coaly-Bay for riding. 6. What was the horse's trick? 7. For how much did the owner sell him? 8. How did the new owner feel about the sale? 9. What happened in the neighbor's vegetable garden? 10. Why was Coaly-Bay called an "outlaw" horse? 11. How did the gardener come into possession of the horse? 12. How did the gardener advertise?

The Bear Bait. 1. Who composed the band of hunters? 2. What did they do when they saw the sign? 3. What was the bait used for bearhunting? 4. How much did the hunters pay for Coaly-Bay? 5. What was the gardener's explanation of the low price? 6. Describe Coaly-Bay as he was driven along with the pack horses. 7. Tell of his attempt to escape. 8. How was he outwitted? 9. How did he vent his rage?

His Destined End. 1. What did the hunters resolve to do? 2. How did Ernest Thompson Seton feel when Coaly-Bay was driven away for bear bait? 3. How did the horse look as he faced his tormentors?

4. What happened when the rifle cracked? 5. In what direction did CoalyBay flee? 6. Tell about his flight. 7. Tell about Coaly-Bay's joining his wild kindred. 8. How are hunters able to recognize him? 9. Tell about his life on the free plains. 10. What is the author's wish for him?

Outline for Testing Silent Reading. The Willful Beauty. (a) The scene of the story. (b) Coaly-Bay, his appearance and his nature. (c) The owner's experience in breaking him for riding. (d) Coaly-Bay's trick. (e) The ranchman's bargain. (f) The new owner's experience with CoalyBay and his neighbor's vegetable garden. (g) Settling with the gardener. (h) The sign at the gate.

The Bear Bait. (a) The band of hunters. (b) Coaly-Bay sold for bear bait. (c) The horse's attempt to escape and his capture.

His Destined End. (a) Coaly-Bay being driven to the bear glade. (b) Ernest Thompson Seton's feeling for the horse. (c) The crack of the rifle. (d) Coaly-Bay's escape. (e) Joining his wild kindred. (f) Life upon the free plains. (g) The author's wish.

5

SATAN, THE WAR DOG THAT SAVED A TOWN*
ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES

"Somewhere in France," and not far from Verdun, a little village occupied a very important position in the Allies' line. It was held by a garrison consisting of a few hundred French soldiers, who had orders to hold on until they were relieved.

The enemy had succeeded in cutting them off from their friends in the rear, but they fought on bravely alone. For days. they had hindered the German advance, answering the enemy batteries with a steady stream of shells.

But now their ammunition was giving out, and there was no 10 way of getting more, for the enemy was in possession of every road. Worst of all, the Germans had managed to plant a battery on the left in a position from which it could pour a deadly fire into the French town. Owing to the shortage of shells, only a *See Silent and Oral Reading, page 11.

weak reply could be made by the garrison. If the latter could only let the French army know the position of that battery, it might yet be silenced in time. But there was no way of letting it know. The telephone and telegraph wires had been cut, the 5 last homing pigeons had been killed by a bursting shell, and every other means of communication was destroyed.

With the French garrison was a famous dog trainer named Duval, from the war dog school at Satory. He had been sent to the front with two dogs, Rip and Satan, both in the messenger 10 service of the French army. Rip, a soft-eyed Irish setter, was killed in action soon after his arrival, and Satan had been left with the French troops two miles in the rear of the now isolated town where his master was stationed.

Satan was an ideal messenger dog, swift-limbed, intelligent, 15 and absolutely fearless under fire. He was black as night, a mongrel by birth, but a thoroughbred by nature. His father was a champion English greyhound, and from him he inherited. his speed. His mother was a working Scotch collie that had won more than one silver cup at the sheep-dog trials in Scotland.

20

Satan loved just one man in all the world, and that man was Duval. Together they had walked several times over the ground which now stretched between them, and Duval knew that if their friends in the rear had any message to send, Satan would bring it if it could be brought. So every little while he would raise 25 his head cautiously and look out over the shell-torn ground, hoping to see his dog.

At last he started forward with a great cry, "Voilà! Satan! Satan!" At first his companions could see nothing but a black speck moving toward them from the distance. But presently the 30 black speck took the form of a dog-a black dog wearing a gas

mask and skimming the earth as he came. As he raced over the rough ground and leaped the shell holes, some of the men declared that he was flying-that they even saw his wings. But the ground was fairly smoking under the enemy fire, and no one 35 but Duval believed that even this great speed and courage would