Switzerland, a mountainous country ly-
ing to the east of France, and north of
Italy. It is composed of twenty-two
small independent states; population
about 2,500,000. 251.

Synod, an assembly of clergymen for
ecclesiastical purposes.

Syracuse, an ancient city in Sicily, an
island in the Mediterranean, adjoining
the south of Italy. Syracuse was vi-
sited by St. Paul on his voyage to
Rome. Acts xxviii. 12. 228.
Syria, a country of Western Asia, to the
north of Palestine, and south of Asia
Minor. It is often mentioned in the
Bible, its kings being frequently at
war with the Israelites, and is now in
the hands of the Mohammedans.
Table land, flat land on the top of a
range of mountains, found in several
parts of the world, as Tibet, 259.
Tapioca, 251.

Tartary. A name somewhat vaguely
applied to that vast region of Asia
which lies between Asiatic Russia on
the north, and the great empires of
Persia, Hindustan, and China on the
south, 38.

Tavernier, Jean Baptiste; born at Paris,
1605. He travelled through Turkey
and Persia, and the East Indies, and
died 1689. His travels are very in-
teresting, and have been translated
into English, 58.

Taylor, Dr. Jeremy. He was one of

the greatest divines of the seventeenth
century; born at Cambridge, 1613,
where he was also educated. He was
made Bishop of Down and Connor
in Ireland in 1661, and died 1667.
"This great prelate," says the Bishop
of Dromore in his funeral sermon,
"had the good humour of a gentleman,
the eloquence of an orator, the fancy
of a poet, the acuteness of a school-
man, the profoundness of a philoso-
pher, the wisdom of a counsellor, the
sagacity of a prophet, the reason of an
angel, and the piety of a saint: he
had devotion enough for a cloister,
learning enough for a university, wit
enough for a college of virtuosi; and
had his parts and endowments been
parcelled out amongst his poor clergy
that he left behind him, it would,
perhaps, have been made one of the
best dioceses in the world," 111.
Tea-tree. This shrub, a native of China,
seldom grows beyond the size of a rose-
bush, or at most six or seven feet in
height. It thrives best in a gravelly
soil, and is usually planted in rows,

upon little hills about three or four
feet distant from each other. Its leaves
are long, narrow, tapering to a point,
and indented like rose or sweet-briar
leaves. The shrub is an evergreen,
and bears a small fruit, containing se-
veral round blackish seeds, about the
size of a large pea; but scarcely above
one in a hundred comes to perfection.
By these seeds the plant is propagated,
nine or ten of them being put into a
hole together; and the shrubs thence
arising, are afterwards transplanted
into proper ground, 235.
Teneriffe. One of the Canary Islands
off the western coast of Africa. It
is of a triangular form, and each side
is about 36 miles in length, 235.
Tetuan. A considerable seaport of Mo-
rocco immediately within the Straits of
Gibraltar, 272.

Thames, an English river, on which
London is situated. It rises in Glou-
cestershire; and after a course of above
200 miles, falls into the German Ocean
between the counties of Essex and
Kent, 107.

The Doctor, is the title of a clever but
eccentric work, published without a
name, but generally ascribed to Dr.
Southey, 6, 67. See SOUTHEY,
The Guardian. Under this name, a lite-
rary paper appeared in 1713, support-
ed by Steele and Addison, the latter
of whom gave it considerable assist-
ance. See ADDISON.

The Idler, the name of a literary paper
by Dr. Johnson, 36, 52, 62.
JOHNSON.

See

The Rambler, a literary paper by Dr.
Johnson, 33, 58. See JOHNSON.
The Spectator, the name of a literary
journal by Steele and Addison, 38.
See both these names in this Index.
The Tatler; a periodical paper was pub-
lished under this name by Sir Richard
Steele in 1709, under the assumed
name of Isaac Bickerstaff, to which
also Addison lent his aid.
Theodore. A native of Tarsus in Cilicia,
who was consecrated Archbishop of
Canterbury in A.D. 668. He ad-
vanced the establishment of parish-
churches in this country, and brought
great practical learning to bear up-
on the affairs of the church, 2.
Thermometer, the, is an instrument de-
signed to shew the various degrees of
heat by means of the expansive power
of fluid bodies.

Thibet, or Tibet, a country of Asia and

part of Independent Tartary, extend-

ing from the Indus to the borders of
China, a distance of 1500 miles, 150.
Thomson, James, a Scottish poet, author
of the Seasons, &c., born 1700, died
1748. 107.

Thorax. See ABDOMEN.

Ticonderoga. A fort in the United
States, on the western shore of Lake
Champlain.

Tiger, curious method of capturing, 138.
Tigris. A large and celebrated river of
Western Asia, flowing between the
Turkish and Persian empires, 233.
Titmice. Their love for walnuts, 102.
Toadstool, 249.

Tongataboo. One of the Friendly Is-
lands in the South Pacific Ocean. It
was seen by Captain Cook in 1773,
and again in 1777, but was first dis-
covered by Tasman, a Dutch naviga-
tor, in 1643.

Toobow, or Toubouai. One of the So-
ciety Islands in the South Pacific
Ocean, 25.

Topographer, one who describes places.
Tornado, is a violent gust of wind, sud-
denly rising, and afterwards veering
round to all points of the compass like
a hurricane, 266.

Tower of London, menagerie of, 143.
Trade-winds, 264.

Travelling on elephants, 140.

Quick travelling of fleas, &c., 177.
Trees. Antiquarian trees, 210, 211, 220,
268.

Tripoli, one of the piratical states of
Barbary, lying on the Mediterranean,
to the east of Tunis, a state of the
same description, 56.

Trinidad, a large island of the West
Indies, lying on the coast of South
America, at the mouth of the Gulf of
Paria, 26.

Trumpeter-bird described, 99.
Truth, the power of, illustrated by a
Persian story, 59.

Turkey, a large empire, comprising some
of the finest districts in Europe and
Asia. Turkey in Europe lies be-
tween the Adriatic and the Black
Seas west and east, Austria and Russia
north, the kingdom of Greece and
the Mediterranean south. Asiatic
Turkey also nominally extends from
the Black Sea to Arabia, and from the
Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf,
but the southern part of this tract is
in reality in the hands of the local
governors. Egypt and the Barbary
states are also reckoned as parts of the
Turkish empire, but the same remark
applies to them also.

Turkish martyr, 54.

Turner, Sharon, the author of the Sacred
History of the World, a work full of de-
vout observations upon the Great First
Cause, in whom we live, and move,
and have our being, 111, 188, 193.
Upsal. An ancient town of Sweden, 35
miles from Stockholm, with a famous
university. Population 5000. 104.
Ushant, an island on the western coast
of France, generally the station of an
English squadron during wars with
France, from its commanding the ap-
proach to the seaport of Brest, 213.
Valaise or Valais. A canton in the
south of Switzerland, about 100 miles
in length, and containing about 140,000
inhabitants.

Valencia is a large city in the east of
Spain. Population about 80,000.
Valle, Pietro Della, a celebrated tra-
veller of the seventeenth century. He
died at Rome, 1652. 64.

Valparaiso. A city and port of Chili,
on the western coast of South America.
It is of great commercial importance;
the importations in 1832, amounting,
by a rough estimate, to 1,000,0007.
sterling, and the exportations for the
same year to about 1,500,000l. 274.
Vampire-bat described, 154.

Van Diemen's Land, an island to the
south of New Holland, of which it
was formerly considered a part. It is
now a flourishing English colony, 162.
Vaudois. A district of Piedmont in the
north-west of Italy, and upon the
borders of France, 74.

Po-

Venice. A large city near the northern
extremity of the Adriatic Sea, in the
Mediterranean, and belonging to Aus-
tria. It is built on a collection of
small islands, canals occupying, in
many cases, the place of streets.
pulation about 120,000. 89.
Vespasian. An emperor of Rome, who
died A.D. 79. He patronized learn-
ing, loved justice, and discounte-
nanced vice, 7.

Vienna, called by the Austrians Wien,
is the capital of the Austrian empire,
situated on the right bank of the Da-
nube, with a population of 320,000.
Virgil. The chief of Latin poets; he
flourished from 70 B. C. to about 19
years B.C. 25.

Viscera. The bowels, or intestines.
Volcano. A burning mountain, whence
vapour, smoke, flames, stones, boiling
water, mud, and lava are ejected, by
the force of subterranean fire. 168.
See LAVA.

of England of the Norman race; born
1024, crowned at Westminster 1066,
and died 1087. 220.
Willow-trees, 232.
Willughby, Francis, a celebrated natu-
ralist, born of a good family in Lincoln-
shire, 1635, died 1672. He paid par-
ticular attention to birds and fishes,
and formed a rich museum of animal

and fossil productions.
Wilson, Alexander, was a Scottish wea-
ver, born in 1776, who emigrated to
the United States of America in 1794
with but a few shillings in his pocket.
Self-taught, he rose to the first rank of
authors on American birds, and died
1813. On the mocking bird, 107.
Wilson, Dr. Thomas, bishop of Sodor
and Man, born 1663, died 1755. He
was a zealous, devout, and charitable
man, of great fortitude and of remark-
able simplicity of character, 5.
Wiltshire, a county of England, mainly
consisting of open downs upon which
sheep are pastured. It lies between
Gloucestershire and Hampshire north
and south, and Somersetshire and
Hampshire west and east. Its popu-
lation is 240,000.

Winchester, an ancient city in Hamp-
shire, with a cathedral, in which
several of the Saxon Kings of Eng-
land were buried.

Windsor, a town in Berkshire, 22 miles
from London, with a stately castle in
which several of our monarchs have
resided. The King referred to in the
the text was his late Majesty William
the Fourth, who had been an officer
in the Royal Navy, 31.
Windsor Forest. Its fine old trees, 214.
Wolf. Destruction of in Scotland, 14.

Esquimaux method of capturing, 146.
Wood, Antony, author of the History

and Antiquities of the University of
Orford, was born in 1632, and died in
1695. 18.

Woodpecker, the great black species, 107.
Woodward, John, a natural historian and

physician, born 1665, died 1728. 13.
Worcestershire, an English county, lying
north of Gloucestershire and east of
Herefordshire. It is in general very
fertile, and produces hops and fruit in
great abundance.

Wrens clustered for warmth, 120.
Wryneck described, 112.
Xenophon. An illustrious Athenian sol-
dier and historian, whose style of com-
position has always been considered
especially pure and classic. He died
B.C. 360. 153.

Xerxes. A king of Persia, who began
to reign B.C. 485, and is famous for
his unsuccessful attempt to conquer
Greece. He was slain 465 B.C., 10.
Yams. The dioscorea sativa, or com-
mon yam, a native of the West Indies,
is a slender climbing plant, something
like the black bryony of our hedges;
it produces large tuberous roots like
potatoes, only much larger, being a
foot broad, mealy, and eaten instead
of bread, either roasted or boiled, 235.
Yarmouth, a large seaport of Norfolk,
on the German Ocean, 124 miles from
London, 198.

Yarrell, is the name of an eminent liv-
ing naturalist. 197.
Yeovil, a town in Somersetshire, 121
miles from London, 79.
Yorkshire yeoman's house as it was an
hundred years ago, described, 67.
Zenâneh, an apartment set apart for the
females of a household, according to
the customs of Eastern countries.
Zenith, the point directly overhead, 259.
Zoology. See NATURAL HISTORY.