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ment, published by Mr.C. some time since, we shall just mention, that a review of this notable production, by Rev. William L. M'Calla, who was also once a combatant of Mr. C. in Kentucky, may be seen in the fifth volume of our miscellany.

PART I.-Occasion of the debate explained. The subject of faith introduced. Distinction between mysteries and mysticism.-Historical faith examined.-Necessity of Divine influence. The examination of faith continued.-Mr. C.'s explanation of the "natural man."-His ignorance of the "spiritual man."

PART II.-Mr. C.'s visit to Franklin and Columbia. His return,-resumes his lectures,-invites objections. The pretensions of the Reformer examined.-Defence of evangelical denominations.-Explanation of the terms schism and heresy. -War and bloodshed, ascribed to the true cause. Mr. C. "a factionist."-Mr. C. shown to be "a sectarian."-Mr. C. the "head of a party."-Every true teacher of religion called of God, the subject explained. Ordination necessary.-Mr. C. shrinks from an examination of the "new version" complains of the multiplicity of objections. His qualifications and motives for undertaking a "new version."His slanderous publication concerning the American Bible Society. The deception practised by the compiler of the new version.-The term EKKLESIA, or church, examined with a notice of the compiler's de

ception. The Bishop's imposition in translating BAPTISMOS and BAPTISMA, immersion, and BAPTIZO, baptize, under cover of other names. Mr. C. substitutes "Thompson," for his Presbyterian Doctors, in translating

the original word for "Godhead." Other interpolations from Thompson, to evade the doctrine of the special operation of the Spirit of God. Follows "Wakefield," on the inquiry of the jailer.-The subject of being born again, introduced. Mr. C. solicits, through friends, a proposition for dis

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-the uncharitableness of the doctrine.The doctrine of predestination vindicated against the incorrect statements of Mr. C. The proposition examined by various passages of the word of God.-M. C.'s arguments answered by showing that parts of some passages are to be understood figuratively, and other parts literally.The Bishop and Nicodemus.-The proposition farther examined by the sacred scriptures. His notices of the "ancient fathers."-The "ancient gospel" partly a Popish delusion.-Ignorance of the nature of the Jewish sacrifices and purgations.— The Bishop's theory of regeneration.—The passages on which he founds his theory, examined. The Bishop of Bethany more erroneous than the Bishop of Rome.Evangelical Christians agreed that baptism is not absolutely essential to salvation.

CONCLUSION. Mr. C.'s disinterestedness.-A case supposed.-Facts from the Reformer's history.-His means and labours to acquire fame, influence, and wealth.

APPENDIX.-Note A.-Mr. C.'s" Christian Experience," and advice to an inquirer.-Note B.-Under obligations to Presbyterians.-Note C.-The doctrine that faith is merely the belief of facts, absurd, unscriptural.-Note D.-Mr. C.'s doctrine of immersion "for the remission of sins."

Note E.-Campbellites and Christians united-pay their preachers are on some points Unitarians or Arians.

A very interesting memoir of the lamented Dr. Jennings, by the Rev. Dr. Brown, President of the Jefferson college, at Cannonsburg, Pa. fills the 27 first pages of the publication before us; from which, if our limits would permit, we should be well pleased to make

extracts.

We have only to add, that the avails of the publication are to be appropriated to the bereaved family of Dr. Jennings, and for this reason, as well as because the contents of the book itself are worthy of perusal, by all who love to see truth triumph over error and arrogance, we recommend this cheap volume to the purchase and patronage of our readers.

Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, etc.

Lace made by Caterpillars.-A most extraordinary species of manufacture, which is, in a slight degree, connected with copying, has been contrived by an officer of Engineers, residing at Munich. It consists of lace veils, with open patterns in them, made entirely by caterpillars. The following is the mode of proceeding adopted. Having made a paste of the leaves of the plant, on which the species of the caterpillar he employs feeds, he spreads it thinly over a stone, or other flat sub stance of the required size. He then, with a camel hair pencil, dippped in olive oil, draws the pattern he wishes the insects to leave open. This stone is then placed in an inclined position, and a considerable number of caterpillars are placed at the bottom. A peculiar species is chosen which spins a strong web; and the animals commence at the bottom, eating and spinning their way up to the top, carefully avoiding every part touched by the oil, but devouring every other part of the paste. The extreme lightness of these veils, combined with some strength, is truly surprising. One of them, measuring 26 inches, weighed only 1.51 grains, a degree oflightness which will appear more strongly by contrast with other fabrics. One square yard of the substance of which these veils are made, weighs four grains and one-third, whilst one square yard of silk gauze weighs one hundred and thirty-seven grains, and one square yard of the finest patent net weighs two hundred and sixtytwo grains and a half.

Diamond Mill at Amsterdam.-The diamond mill is one of the most interesting objects in Amsterdam. It is the property of a Jew, whose son, a clever lad, oblig. ingly conducted us through the rooms, and explained the various parts of the process of polishing diamonds. Four horses turn a wheel, setting in motion a number of smaller wheels in the room above, whose cogs, acting on circular metal plates, keep them in continued revolution. Pulverized diamond is placed on these; and the stone to be polished, fastened at the end of a piece of wood, by means of an amalgam of zinc and quicksilver, is submitted to the friction of the adamantine particles. This is the only mode of acting on diamond, which can be ground, and even cut, by particles of the same substance. In the latter operation, diamond dust is fixed on a metal wire that is moved rapidly backwards and forwards over the stone to be cut. You are probably aware of the distinction between a rose diamond and a brilliant. The one is entire, and set verti

cally, the other is divided and set horizontally. The largest diamonds are reserved for roses which always rise in the centre to an angle; the smaller are used as brilliants, and have a flat octagon on the upper surface.

The Scottish Thistles.-This ancient emblem of Scottish pugnacity, with its moted of various species in royal bearings, to, Nemo me impune lacessit, is representcoins, and coats of armour; so that there

is

some difficulty in saying which is the genuine original thistle. The origin of the national badge itself is thus handed down by tradition:-When the Danes invaded Scotland, it was deemed unwarlike to attack an enemy in the pitch darkness of night, instead of a pitched battle by day; but on one occasion the invaders resolved to avail themselves of this stratagem: and in order to prevent their tramp from being heard, they marched barefooted. They had thus neared the Scottish force unobserved, when a Dane unluckily stepped with his naked foot upon a superbly prickly thistle, and instinctively utter ed a cry of pain, which discovered the assault to the Scots, who ran to their arms, and defeated the foe with a terrible slaughter. The thistle was immediately adopted as the insignia of Scotland.

Vessels.-The first vessel ever known, the largest ever built, and for the most extraordinary occasion that ever occurred, was Noah's Ark. The proportions and model of which have been approved by scientific men of modern times as the most suitably adapted for the purpose designed. The next account we have of ships or vessels is about 500 years after. They were small in size, and of rude construction, making short voyages in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and perhaps to India. We afterwards read of the Phonicians, Greeks and Romans, employing ships in their wars and commerce with other nations, and, as they were ignorant of the magnetic needle, they were guided, principally, by landmarks, and never ventured far from the shore. But, in the 14th century, when the mariner's compass had been invented, and the phenomenon discovered, of the needle being constantly pointed to the polar star, a new field of navigation was opened. But the advantages of science and experience, now enable the mariner to adventure with boldness and security, and to conduct his vessel through the trackless waters, to his far distant port, with as much confidence as though his course were marked by land marks. 1

Spot on the Sun.-Some of our readers may be interested in knowing that there is a large spot on the sun's disc, nearly ten thousand miles in diameter. On Saturday, November 3d, it was quite distinctly marked, and appeared nearly circular; in the morning, it was to be seen directly above the sun's centre, nearly half way to wards his western limb, (edge.)

Spots are almost constantly to be seen by the aid of the telescope, though ordinarily not many times in the year so large as this one. It is well known that the time of the sun's revolution on his axis was de

termined by means of these spots; the opinions of philosophers, in regard to their cause and nature, are various. Dr. Herschell sup. posed them to be ruptures or openings in the luminous medium surrounding the sun, and that through these openings we discover either a less luminous stratum of clouds, or the opaque body of the sun lying beyond, and, with respect to the sun, underneath the luminous medium. It may be observed that it is not necessary to consider these spots as perfectly black; they indeed become so by comparison with the rest of the sun's disc; but these same portions of the disc, if detached from the rest, and viewed without the intervention of the dark glasses, through which we are obliged to view the sun, might appear very bright, and it is highly probable that they often would. Dr. H.'s opinion receives strong confirmation from the different shapes of the spots, as they are presented to us in different relative parts of the sun's disc by his revolution. Their appearance changes often and nearly always in a few days, when examined with the telescope.

Centrifugal Force.-A few weeks since, we mentioned an instance of the bursting of a grindstone used in the U. S. Armory, in this town, by which one of the work

men

was seriously injured, and that a death was occasioned at Danforth's works, in Suffield, by a similar accident. Another accident of the same character recently occurred at Pomeroy's gun factory, in Pittsfield, by the bursting of a large grindstone, weighing 21,000 pounds, which was carried from this town a few weeks since. When the stone was hung for use, it was, as was supposed, thoroughly test. ed, by being made to revolve with great rapidity, and it was supposed, from the experiment made, to be safe. But while one of the workmen was engaged in grinding a bayonet upon it week before last, the stone flew into two parts, one of which, weighing about 1000 pounds, went up through the floor over head, fell upon the man at work, and crushed him instantly. These cases of the immense power of the centrifugal force, show that great caution is necessary in using such large stones, which acquire a most tremendous momen

tum while rapidly revolving.—Springfield

Gazette.

Silk. The Northamptom (Mass.) Courier, in noticing the Fair of the Hampshire Agricultural Society, says, "There may be seen at the Town Hall to-day, among the articles of American Manufacture, silk, in all its various stages of preparation, from the looms of Mr. Shaw in Belchertown. There are 1200 skeins of sewing silk, of all colours and beauty; 350 sticks of silk braid; 66 skeins of silk from the floss or tow as it is called; 10 hanks of silk reeled upon the Italian reel, and many bundles reeled upon the American one; the difference is striking. There are also silk hose made from raw silk and the tow also, a very firm and neat article. Mr. Starkweather, of Northampton, also has some beautiful specimens of silk hose, wove in this town, and bundles of raw silk, for exhibition. The Cocoons in their various stages may be seen there also. We rejoice to see public attention turning to this practically useful branch of business."

Importations of Ardent Spirits.-We have prepared the following schedule from official returns in different years. It will be seen that a material decline in the annual amount imported has taken place since the commencement of the Temperance Reformation, though we regret to see the returns for 1831 (the years in every case end on the 30th of September,) show a considerable increase, as compared with those of 1830. Except in 1828, so much of the quantity imported as was afterwards exported, is deducted from the amount here given; and of course the amount here given, except in 1828, was actually consumed in this country. The quantity exported in 1828 was probably from 700,000 to 1,000,000 gallons.

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The gross imports of rum, brandy, and gin, at this port, during the first eight months of 1830, amounted to 5,832 gallons; do do 1831, 12,412; do do 1832, 12,771.-N. Y. Jour. of Commerce.

Shoe Blacking-Large sums are every year expended by our economical fellow citizens for the article of shoe blacking, a considerable portion of which goes to encourage foreigners. In confirmation of this assertion, it is stated, on good authority, that there is annually imported into

this country, from England, shoe blacking to the amount of more than one hundred thousand dollars, the chief part of which is made by Day & Martin, of London. This large sum might easily be kept in the country, and even in the pockets of those who have hitherto been in the habit of paying their portion of it, by each family making its own, which can be done with very little trouble, and at a very trifling expense; or by encouraging some of the worthy manufacturers of it in our own country, who furnish as good an article at a much less price. If any, however, pre

fer Day & Martin to all others, very well; only let others make it themselves, and save their money. Here is a correct recipe:

To one pound of ivory black, in which has been mixed half an ounce of oil of vitriol, and an ounce of sweet oil, add one pound of pulverized loaf sugar; mix the whole with a gallon of vinegar, and let it stand three days, when it is fit for use. It should be stirred often, and kept from the air, to prevent evaporation. The cost of a gallon of this blacking is about 75 cents; and it is retailed at the stores for four dollars.

Heligious Intelligence.

THE TRUTH TOLD.

We devote the entire space which we can this month allot to

Religious Intelligence, to the following important article. Those who take interest in the concerns of Foreign Missions, and read much on the subject, must have heard, and heard with pain, of the alleged defection and apostacy in the island of Tahiti, or Otaheiti, among those who had once made a profession, and exhibited the appearance of zealous piety. Men who would have rejoiced, if the whole population of this and the other Christianized islands of the

South Sea could have been thrown back into its former state of heathenism and pollution, and who have actually done all they could to produce this effect, have made representations and circulated reports, going to show that what they wished was likely to be real ized; or at least that the religious appearances which were SO remarkable a few years since, were fast vanishing, and that many the professors of religion were as vicious as they were before their conversion. It was, indeed, high

of

time that the real state of facts should be correctly stated to the world. This has been done by the London Missionary Society, in the subjoined article, published in the Missionary Chronicle of SeptemCh. Adv.-VOL. X.

ber last. In reading it we could not help reflecting how unreasonable it would be to expect that a people, lately immersed in heathenish ignorance, and who were proverbially licentious, should be more moral, and, as a permanency, exhibit more of the influence of

the truths and institutions of the

gospel, than those who have been

nurtured in these truths and institutions, for generations in succession. Yet this seems to have been We doubt if expected by some. there is a sea port town in Britain, or in the United States, in which there is not as much licentiousness as in any sea port of the Christianized Islands of the South Sea. It is greatly to be lamented that the influence of religion that such should be the fact; and

should not have removed this evil. But hitherto it has not; and nothing can be more unreasonable than to expect that Christian principle should effect more among semi-barbarians, recently gospelized, than among those who have been born and educated amidst Christian institutions, and Christhe privileges and advantages of tian instruction, and who enjoy all

civilized life.

SOUTH SEA MISSION.

The interest which continues to be ma

nifested by the Christian public, in the advancement of the Redeemer's Kingdom 3 T

in this quarter of the world, renders it desirable to furnish, from time to time, so far as the communications from the missionaries supply the necessary information, a brief notice of the circumstances of the churches connected with the stations and out-stations, and of the general aspect of the whole mission. This appears to be the more requisite, at the present time, as a number of charges, though repeatedly refuted, have been recently mixed up with new grounds of accusation, and again put into circulation.

of civilized countries, so essential to the improvement of the people, having been in proportion to the returns they were able to make, has been exceedingly limited. Another fertile source of difficulty has been found in their previous irregular and indolent habits of life. A state of society more dissolute and opposed to steady application and industry than that which prevailed among them prior to their renunciation of idolatry cannot well be imagined; and although the general and outward operation of those propensities, which heathenism had nurtured and matured, was restrained, almost universally, when the Islanders first professed Christianity, numbers were influenced only by the excitement of feeling, in favour of the new religion, which then appeared to pervade all classes, and have remained destitute of every thing connected with Christianity, excepting its name. These afterwards found, as might be expected, their former inclinations too strong to be restrained by the feeble resistance which public opinion interposed; and though they did not revive the worship of the idols o or the cruelties of human sacrifice, they returned, in a great degree, to their former indolence and vices. To enable a people, whose resources scarcely ever exceeded the demand for the supply of their daily wants, to obtain the means of realizing the conveniences and comforts of comparatively civilized life-to induce them to substitute kindness for the most relentless cruelty

The great object which, from their first arrival in the islands until the present time, the missionaries have sought to accomplish, has been the spiritual benefit of the inhabitants-their conversion to Christianity-progressive sanctification and meetness for the purity and enjoyment of the heavenly state. In subordination to this, a number of minor objects have engaged their attention. Their endeavours to improve the temporal circumstances of the people, to communicate the blessings of education, and to promote the increase of knowledge, have been pursued in conjunction with the more sacred duties of their vocation; but on account of the for'midable difficulties with which they have had to contend, the 'progress of the people has been less rapid than their friends have expected and desired, and the missionaries themselves have aimed to secure. They have, notwithstanding, solid and cheering grounds of encouragement. Though the most partial view of the pro-integrity and virtue for the practice of gress of the mission must convince every individual, of ordinary discernment and candour, that the disadvantages under which the work has advanced have been of no ordinary kind.

One great impediment to the outward prosperity of the people has been the difficulty of supplying those wants which a more regular and comfortable mode of life has introduced, and in this respect they are placed in circumstances less favourable than those of the New Zealanders and Sandwich Islanders. The adaptation of the soil and climate of the former to the growth of the potato, the valuable timber, and the native flax, which are both indigenous, furnish to them the means of advantageous commerce, which the latter find in the sandal-wood, growing without culture, in great abundance, on their na tive mountains. But neither of these, nor any equivalents, are possessed by the inhabitants of Tahiti and the adjacent islands. The spontaneous productions of their country yield to them, with the exception of a few vegetables and the means of raising live-stock for the supply of shipping, no articles of profitable barter with foreigners. The introduction of implements of iron, and of other manufactures

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every degree of iniquity and fraud-and habits of persevering application and industry; for a life of perpetual idleness and change-was part of the work which the missionaries attempted, and in which, though, as already noticed, in very many instances they have met with bitter disappointment, they have, in others, been cheered with the most encouraging suc

cess.

That a number of the natives are still ignorant and improvident, vicious and indolent, and consequently destitute of the means of personal and domestic comfort, and that some exhibit all the deformity of iniquity which European profligacy has ingrafted on their aboriginal vices, is not denied; and the fearful extent to which this would have prevailed, but for the conservative influence of Christianity, cannot well be imagined. Yet the entire community is not composed of such individuals as some, who, in their claims to veracity, draw largely on the credulity of their readers, would have us believe; nor do they form the majority, any more than the most abandoned and profane may be said fairly to represent other communities in which Christianity is professed.

Indolence, from the force of habit, and

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