PREFACE. FEW places in England merit a particular description more than SALISBURY; the magnificent SEATS in its neighbourhood; the CATHEDRAL, and the ancient and venerable remains of OLD SARUM and STONEHENGE. To render a faithful and satisfactory account of these remarkable subjects, and to supply the Reader with every possible information, is the intention of this GUIDE. The utmost endeavours have been exerted to gratify the curiosity of the Antiquary, the Virtuoso, and the Traveller. To the present edition many necessary and entertaining particulars are added, and the whole rendered much more correct and complete, than any preceding impression of this work. The Tourist, for the sketch of his Route, after leaving Salisbury, is referred to the CONTENTS, Sect. vii. Its Origin, defensive Fosse, Convent of Black Friars, Poultry-Cross, Markets and Fairs, Public Amusements, Schools, Council-House, Corporation, and eminent Men of Salisbury SECT. III. Population of Salisbury SECT. IV. St. Edmund's Church and College, ancient Cross, SECT. V. 21 33 36 The See of Salisbury, Cathedral, Spire, Choir, SECT. VI. St. Nicholas's Hospital, Harnham Bridge, and SECT. VII Wilton House, Stonehenge, and Amesbury.Wardour Castle, Fonthill Abbey, Stourhead, and Longleat Houses.-Savernake Forest and Tottenham Park.-Longford Castle, Clarendon Palace, and Ivy Church SECT. VIII. The Post, Coaches, and Carriers 46 66 69 -900 THE SALISBURY GUIDE. SECT. I. OLD SARUM. OLD SARUM was originally a town or fortress of that tribe of Britons called the Belge, who occupied part of the present counties of Hants and Wilts. It seems to have been reduced by Vespasian when · he conquered the Belga and Damnonii; was occu pied by a Roman garrison; appears in the Roman Itineraries under the name of Sorbiodunum; and was one of the ten British cities admitted to the privileges of the Latian law. No other account of it appears in the times of the Roman government, though from its central situation, and the different military ways which converge on this point from the neighbouring stations, it must have been retained by the Romans till their retreat from our island. The same reason which made it important to the Romans, rendered it valuable to the Saxons; but we know not when it was reduced by them, though as early as the year 553 we find mention made in the Saxon Chronicle of a battle between their chief, Cynric, and the Britons, in this neighbourhood, which ended in the defeat of the latter. It appears to have been destroyed by the Danes after their defeat of Alfred, near Wilton; but his first care was the restoration of so valuable a post, for we find by one of his charters that the outer rampart was formed by his command, and was probably strength-ened with a fortification of wood, or pallisade. The circular form of this rampart, the position of the |