COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS SECOND SESSION SEPTEMBER 24, 25; OCTOBER 1, 2, AND 3, 1974 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.25 Stock Number 5270-02420 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS THOMAS E. MORGAN, Pennsylvania, Chairman CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin WAYNE L. HAYS, Ohio L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina JONATHAN B. BINGHAM, New York MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR., Michigan PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN, New Jersey EDWARD J. DERWINSKI, Illinois ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California MARIAN A. CZARNECKI, Chief of Staff SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS To deal with all matters affecting our foreign relations that concern matters of national security and scientific developments affecting foreign policy, including the national space program, mutual defense, and the operation of our high strategy generally. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin, Chairman WAYNE L. HAYS, Ohio PIERRE S. DU PONT, Delaware PAUL FINDLEY, Illinois WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan VERNON W. THOMSON, Wisconsin EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR., Pennsylvania GEORGE R. BERDES, Subcommittee Staff Consultant (II) Introduction CONTENTS LIST OF WITNESSES Page. Donald G. Brennan, Director, National Security Studies for the Hudson Institute and Consultant to the Arms Control and Disarmament MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Suggested draft amendment to Harrington amendment by Hon. Adrian S. 39 Comments on Harrington amendment by Hon. Dean Rusk__. 135 INTRODUCTION The act which created the Arms Control and Disarmament Agencyin 1961 cites the ultimate goal of the United States as "* * * a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments. ***" The corresponding purpose of the Agency was to provide impetus toward that goal by dealing with the problem of reduction and control of armaments. In large measure ACDA has worked effectively over the years in achieving that lofty goal. With often limited budget, its small but talented staff has done much in bringing about a more peaceful world. Within recent years, however, the feeling has been growing in Congress that the initial effectiveness of the Agency has diminished. As one of our witnesses put it so aptly, ACDA has recently gone into somewhat of an "eclipse" for reasons not always or entirely its own. It was not unexpected, therefore, when a major indepth study and review of the Agency was called for in the Foreign Affairs Committee report on the ACDA authorization for fiscal year 1975. A thorough examination of the Agency was deemed appropriate for several reasons. First, the Agency had not been subjected to a comprehensive oversight review during the 13 years of its existence. Further, there were indications that Agency activities had, in several instances, veered away from original congressional intentions. Finally, there was growing concern that ACDA no longer played the role in the formulation and execution of U.S. arms control policies that it once did. Therefore the Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments had ample areas for study and review. As a first stage in its efforts the subcommittee ordered a comprehensive staff review as a basis for planning and conducting its study. That review is included within the appendix of this volume. The subcommittee subsequently held 5 days of extensive hearings through which we drew on the insights and experience of several outstanding witnesses. The hearings were largely concerned with the Agency's past performance and present capabilities. At the same time the subcommittee's main emphasis was on the future-on the prospects and requirements for arms control and what role the Agency might play in that effort. Throughout, our objective was to enhance the future status and effectiveness of ACDA. The study was never intended as a criticism of the Agency; quite to the contrary. As a sponsor of the original legislation creating ACDA, I have only the highest regard for it and its dedicated personnel. Thus, the overriding and constant purpose of the study and hearings was entirely positive. These published hearings are a partial fulfillment of that goal. Within the near future, the subcommittee will forward to the full committee a summary report on its efforts. It is also anticipated that legislative proposals intended to strengthen the Agency will be formu |
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