2f. Small fruit and caneberry estimates: To expand to the remaining 15 producing States the program of acreage, yield, and production reports for 8 bushberry fruits initiated in Washington and Oregon in 1962.

2g. Expenditure survey for revision of price indexes: This survey would provide the data required to update the index of prices received and the index of prices paid including interest, taxes, and farm wage rates. The latest general revision of these indexes was published in January 1959 and was based on an expenditure survey covering the year 1955. A growing need has developed for a systematic program of updating the weights used in these indexes at intervals of not more than 10 years. A complete survey of expenditures of farmers covering the year 1965 made in 1966 would permit this to be done within the following 2 or 3 years. The estimated cost assumes that detailed data on food expenditures could be secured from the Agricultural Research Service Food Survey proposed for 1964.

2h. Cattle on feed reports: To provide for the addition of Nebraska and Texas to the monthly cattle on feed reports now covering California, Arizona, and Colorado and the addition of Florida, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi to the quarterly reports now issued covering 28 States.

21. Improved egg production statistics: To provide a monthly mailed questionnaire with enumerated followup to a large sample of commercial egg producers in 16 States where commercial flocks have largely replaced farm flocks. Such work is now being carried on in 7 States.

2j. Strengthen Hawaiian statistics: To establish price and farm labor reporting in Hawaii and to strengthen production estimating to be comparable with other States.

2k. Expansion of weekly broiler report: To start the weekly broiler-type chicken estimating program in 13 additional States where the production has become important. This will include weekly estimates of chicks hatched by broiler and egg types, and weekly placements. This report now covers 22 States.

21. Safflower, castor bean, lentil, and grass silage production reports: Of crops reaching commercial importance, safflower, castor bean, lentils, and grass silage are among those most in need of estimates covering acreage, yield, and production. Annual reports would be issued in December in States with significant production, with additional estimates published in July for safflower, castor beans, and grass silage.

3a. Increase accuracy of agricultural price statistics: For enumerative data collection and probability sampling as explained in project B.

3b. Expanded milk production and utilization statistics: to provide for more comprehensive and improve estimates of production and utilization of milk produced on farms, including a breakdown of production estimates into milk for fluid use and milk for manufacturing, surveys to determine milk-equivalent factors for manufactured dairy products and additional information on grain, concentrates, and roughages fed to milk cows.

3c. Fruit and nut tree inventories: To initiate a continuing national program for inventorying and estimating tree numbers. Rotating 5-year inventories of all commercial citrus trees, deciduous fruit trees and nut trees would be kept up to date, with between-inventory-year changes estimated on a sample basis in 45 States. This information, essential in forecasting future production by quantity and variety, would be used as a better basis for current fruit production estimates.

3d. Wheat production and stocks by classes: To differentiate wheat production and stocks estimates to supply data by class (Hard Red Winter, Soft White, etc.) in both on- and off-farin locations.

3e. Sheep and lambs on feed: To provide estimates of sheep and lambs on feed as of November 1, January 1, and March 1 in 21 important feeding States, and to estimate marketings and placements for the previous 2 months on each of these dates. Such reports are now being issued covering 7 States. Also to estimate the number of early lambs in 13 important States as of March 1 each year. 3f. Stocks of dry beans, dry peas, and lentils: To provide quarterly stocks estimates of pulses and preharvest estimates of dry beans by class, such as navy, lima, kidneys, etc.

3g. Grain variety statistics: To supply periodic estimates by variety for wheat, barley, soybeans, oats, and sorghum grain, and to reestablish periodic estimates of acreage and production of white corn which is used primarily in hominy manufacture.

3h. Expanded cold storage statistics: To extend coverage of refrigerated food stocks to include chain stores, warehouses, wholesalers, distributors, and jobber facilities. Refrigerated storage by food distribution industries has grown so rapidly that this extended coverage is necessary to make stocks reports reasonably complete.

31. Improved farm labor and wage rate statistics: To improve present employment and wage rate series, especially with more adequate coverage of seasonal workers in selected areas where crop production operations have high labor demands.

3j. Enlarged seed estimating program: To bolster seed estimates through closer contacts with large producers, supplemented by more checks with cleaners and State certifying agencies; and with estimates on additional seeds (Oregon ryegrass) and varieties (e.g., Merion and Park bluegrasses in Minnesota and Pacific Northwest).

3k. Horticultural specialty crops: To expand estimates of current production of 8 nursery products and of 4 cut flowers, now reported in 6 States, to all 48 States. 4a. Irrigated and nonirrigated crop production statistics: To break down estimates of crop acreage, yield, and production in 17 Western States on irrigated and nonirrigated basis. Differences in yields between irrigated and dry-land conditions and the comparatively greater variation in dry-land yields are often so pronounced within a State as to invalidate yield-per-acre data for the State as a whole. Considerable changes would be required in the manner of gathering, compiling, analyzing, and publishing crop production information to segregate the two types of production.

4b. Factors of farm production: To make surveys measuring inputs of major factors affecting farm production such as power fuel, commercial fertilizer, pesticides, building facilities, and farm machinery. One factor or group of related factors would be covered each year on a rotational plan to indicate the magnitude of changes in agricultural technology.

4c. Expanded fluid milk consumption and price statistics: To provide per capita and total estimates of consumption of whole milk, skim milk, milk drinks, and cream annually in all States (only five States now covered). To also provide for more accurate and complete reporting of retail fluid milk and cream prices on a monthly basis.

4d. Market egg price series: To permit estimation of egg prices separately in two major categories; all eggs and market eggs in order to eliminate distortion in State averages caused by sale of hatching eggs.

4e. Expanded statistics on turpentine and rosin: To accelerate publication of data on consumption and stocks of turpentine and rosin to a monthly basis for a limited number of user industries.

4f. Wool stocks reports: To provide an annual report as of January 1 on stocks of wool on farms and ranches and in country warehouses.

4g. Improved coverage in the Parity Index: To include important expenditure items now omitted in the Parity Index such as medical, dental, hospital services, and mail order purchases which account for over 7 percent of farm family living expenditures. Also to include such farm production costs as veterinary and other services charged at custom rates.

4h. Expanded potato statistics: To expand potato statistics to include: 1. Estimates of acreage and production by varieties-Reds, Round Whites, Long Whites, and Russets.

2. An estimate of April 1 potato stocks.

3. Report of monthly production and stocks of processed potato items.

4. Report on rate of harvest of acreage and movement of potatoes for the winter, spring, and summer crops.

5. Report as of January 1, growers' intentions to plant fall potatoes.

6. Report utilization of potatoes by six seasonal groups.

7. Report semimonthly on disappearance of all potato crop.

8. Report weekly on the progress of planting, development, and harvesting of the various seasonal groups.

4i. Pasture acreage and production estimates: To initiate estimates on pasture acreage and output by establishing a pilot project in a few States. Methods would be tested for obtaining and publishing estimates of a crop of widespread use but with great variations in yield and with no commonly accepted definition of yield.

COST SHARING AND COOPERATION RECEIVED FROM STATES AND PRIVATE SOURCES

Senate report (No. 1908, p. 13) on appropriations for the U.S. Department of Agriculture for fiscal year 1963, under the title "Statistical Reporting Service,” “*** requests a detailed report as to cost sharing and cooperation received from States and private sources in connection with these and other crop and livestock reporting estimates and services in connection with the 1964 budget presentation."

The philosophy that State and Federal departments of agriculture combine their resources to provide mutually advantageous programs of agricultural statistics for both State and Federal purposes has long been followed in crop and livestock reporting. The first State-Federal cooperative agricultural statistics program was established in Wisconsin in 1917. Currently the Statistical Reporting Service and the respective State governments have cooperative programs operating in 44 States. The work is conducted in accordance with a standard cooperative agreement between the Statistical Reporting Service and each participating State agency. Slight variations in the agreement are required in some States to conform with State regulations or to take cognizance of differences in services agreed upon. Most agreements are with State departments of agriculture, but in some States they are with agricultural colleges, extension services, experiment stations, or commissions established by the States.

STATE CONTRIBUTIONS

The estimated value of contributions from participating States for fiscal year 1963 is $1.9 million. Owing to differences among States in such items as appropriation procedures, fiscal years, and State regulations or laws governing carryover funds, it is difficult to precisely allocate the funds so as to coincide with the Federal fiscal year.

The form and nature of the contributions are also subject to considerable variation. The largest amount, $1.3 million, is expended for personal services and benefits. Nearly all of this amount supports State employees who are assigned to the State offices of the Statistical Reporting Service. These State-paid employees are under the supervision of the Federal agricultural statistician and work on the joint program as he directs. The Federal agricultural statistician is also the representative of the State agency in agricultural statistics matters, and a very high degree of day-to-day liaison is maintained.

In fiscal year 1963 the States will provide about $128,000 for travel in connection with the State interest in the statistical efforts. About $115,000 of State funds are designated for printing and reproduction of statistical reports and bulletins that contain essential statistics for distribution primarily within the States. In 13 States the cooperating State agency provides office space for the Statistical Reporting Service with an annual rental value estimated at $132,000 for fiscal year 1963. About $230,000 of State-appropriated funds will be expended for contractual services such as equipment, supplies, telephone, and numerous other items necessary to support the State interest in agricultural statistics.

STATE AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS PROGRAMS

State contributions are used to support activities that go beyond the basic statistical program conducted by the Statistical Reporting Service with Federal funds to derive national estimates. The supplementary statistics wanted by the States vary substantially in kind and magnitude. Consequently, the individual State contributions vary correspondingly, ranging from nothing in six States to over $300,000 in one State. The more common types of services are intended to supply local data, annual State farm censuses, county, State or commodity publications, and specific surveys of prices, production, or commerce related to agriculture.

(a) County and other area estimates.-Most cooperating States use their funds for estimates of agricultural production by counties or other special geographic areas within the State. The Federal statistical program does not support statistical estimates below the State level except for some crops where a Federal agricultural program is in effect. Only a small fraction of the com

modities grown within the respective States and for which a State government has a need for knowledge, by counties or subdivisions, are derived for Federal programs. State programs provide county estimates for scores of divergent items such as vegetable acreage, calf crop, livestock inventories, and cash farm receipts. Depending on the agriculture of the State concerned and the local demand, the array of agricultural products represented in the county estimates, financed by State resources, may be wide or narrow.

(b) Annual State farm census.-Fourteen of the States conduct an annual census of agriculture in which data are collected from individual farms on all important aspects of agricultural production. The data are usually collected by county officials, and form the bases for rather extensive county and other area statistics in the States concerned. The Federal agricultural statistician analyzes the State farm census data and prepares estimates as part of the cooperative State-Federal statistical program. In 13 States the census data are collected under the supervision of the State department of agriculture working through county assessors and other county officials. In one State the legislature appropriates the funds for this purpose to the State department of agriculture, which, in turn, has the State farm census supervised through the office of the Federal agricultural statistician as part of the cooperative program.

These annual State farm censuses are of great importance both to the State governments concerned and to the Federal Government because of the reliability they add to the overall agricultural estimating program, as well as the detail for small geographic areas.

(c) Publications.-Most cooperating States pay for publication of agricultural data for the State. These are in addition to the regular releases issued by the agricultural statistician under the Federal program. These State publications are generally in the form of annual statistical bulletins presenting data by counties and other areas, for use in different parts of the State government and in schools as well as by industry, farm planning and marketing groups, and by farmers. In a few instances monthly statistical publications are financed by the State cooperator. Special publications providing current and historic data on particular agricultural commodities are issued periodically by some States.

(d) Other State statistical projects. Each year numerous statistical projects or surveys are carried out for the various State cooperators covering specified agricultural commodities or agricultural practices. The commodities differ from year to year and are included in a State program in any given year because of their current importance in the economy of the State. Examples of such projects are: Annual survey of Christmas tree production; special dairy statistics; special surveys on turkeys, broilers, egg production; surveys on livestock movements; surveys on wheat protein content, grain storage capacity, fertilizer uses, potato stocks, irrigated and nonirrigated acreage, weed control measures, insect damage, and numerous others.

In

(e) Industry participation in the cooperative State-Federal statistical program. An estimated $200,000 will be contributed from industry sources to finance research or special services related to crop and livestock reporting. In no case are industry funds received directly by a State office of the Statistical Reporting Service. In three cases the industry funds are handled through trust funds administered under the regulations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. every other case the industry funds are administered by a State department of agriculture. The necessary statistical work is carried out by the State office of the Statistical Reporting Service as a regular part of the basic State-Federal cooperative agreement. In projects where industry funds are involved the data are released for the public benefit under the same conditions as for all other

reports. There follows a complete list of statistical projects, by States, where industry funds are used to partially finance the work.

The conduct of State agricultural statistical work in conjunction with Federal crop and livestock reporting has eliminated overlapping and duplication in Federal and State statistical services, inserted uniformity in procedures and methods among States, assured consistency between State and National estimates, and provided agricultural data to meet the needs of both State and Federal Governments at less cost. Economies of scale have been derived from these operations and have been mutually shared. Benefits to the Federal Government have been particularly striking in those instances where State censuses and county estimates were available to supply data for the administration of Federal programs.

Mr. WHITTEN. Thank you again, Doctor, for a very fine presenta

tion.