CODIFICATION Two other sections 1364 have been enacted and are set out in this chapter, one preceding and one following this section. EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Jan. 3, 1979, see section 717 of Pub. L. 95-521, set out as a note under section 288 of Title 2, The Congress. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 288d of title 2. § 1364. Construction of references to laws of the United States or Acts of Congress For the purposes of this chapter, references to laws of the United States or Acts of Congress do not include laws applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia. (Added Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 172(c)(1), July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 590, § 1363, renumbered 1364, Pub. L. 95-572, § 6(b)(1), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2456.) brought only in the judicial district where all plaintiffs or all defendants reside, or in which the claim arose. (b) A civil action wherein jurisdiction is not founded solely on diversity of citizenship may be brought only in the judicial district where all defendants reside, or in which the claim arose, except as otherwise provided by law. (c) A corporation may be sued in any judicial district in which it is incorporated or licensed to do business or is doing business, and such judicial district shall be regarded as the residence of such corporation for venue purposes. (d) An alien may be sued in any district. (e) A civil action in which a defendant is an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof acting in his official capacity or under color of legal authority, or an agency of the United States, or the United States, may, except as otherwise provided by law, be brought in any judicial district in which (1) a defendant in the action resides, or (2) the cause of action arose, or (3) any real property involved in the action is situated, or (4) the plaintiff resides if no real property is involved in the action. Additional persons may be joined as parties to any such action in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and with such other venue requirements as would be applicable if the United States or one of its officers, employees, or agencies were not a party. The summons and complaint in such an action shall be served as provided by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure except that the delivery of the summons and complaint to the officer or agency as required by the rules may be made by certified mail beyond the territorial limits of the district in which the action is brought. (f) A civil action against a foreign state as defined in section 1603(a) of this title may be brought (1) in any judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated; (2) in any judicial district in which the vessel or cargo of a foreign state is situated, if the claim is asserted under section 1605(b) of this title; (3) in any judicial district in which the agency or instrumentality is licensed to do business or is doing business, if the action is brought against an agency or instrumentality of a foreign state as defined in section 1603(b) of this title; or (4) in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia if the action is brought against a foreign state or political subdivision thereof. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 935; Oct. 5, 1962, Pub. L. 87-748, § 2, 76 Stat. 744; Dec. 23, 1963, Pub. L. 88-234, 77 Stat. 473; Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89-714, §§ 1, 2, 80 Stat. 1111; Oct. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94-574, § 3, 90 Stat. 2721; Oct. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94-583, § 5, 90 Stat. 2897.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 111, 112 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 50, 51, 36 Stat. 1101; Sept. 19, 1922, ch. 345, 42 Stat. 849; Mar. 4, 1925, ch. 526, § 1, 43 Stat. 1264; Apr. 16, 1936, ch. 230, 49 Stat. 1213). Section consolidates section 111 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with part of section 112 of such title. The portion of section 112 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to venue generally constitutes this section and the parts relating to arrest of the defendant, venue and process in stockholders' actions constitute sections 1401, 1693, and 1695 of this title. Provision in section 111 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., that a district court may proceed as to parties before it although one or more defendants do not reside in the district, and that its judgment shall be without prejudice to such absent defendants, was omitted as covered by rule 19(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Word "action" was substituted for "suit" in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Word "reside" was substituted for "whereof he is an inhabitant" for clarity inasmuch as “inhabitant" and "resident" are synonymous. (See Ex parte Shaw, 1892, 12 S.Ct. 935, 145 U.S. 444, 36 L.Ed. 768; Standard Stoker Co., Inc. v. Lower, D.C., 1931, 46 F.2d 678; Edgewater Realty Co. v. Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co., D.C., 1943, 49 F.Supp. 807.) Reference to "all plaintiffs" and "all defendants" were substituted for references to "the plaintiff” and "the defendant," in view of many decisions holding that the singular terms were used in a collective sense. (See Smith v. Lyon, 1890, 10 S.Ct. 303, 133 U.S. 315, 33 L.Ed. 635; Hooe v. Jamieson, 1897, 17 S.Ct. 596, 166 U.S. 395, 41 L.Ed. 1049; and Fetzer v. Livermore, D.C., 1926, 15 F.2d 462.) In subsection (c), references to defendants "found" within a district or voluntarily appearing were omitted. The use of the word "found" made section 111 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., ambiguous. The argument that an action could be brought in the district where one defendant resided and a nonresident defendant was "found," was rejected in Camp v. Gress, 1919, 39 S.Ct. 478, 250 U.S. 308, 63 L.Ed. 997. However, this ambiguity will be obviated in the future by the omission of such reference. Subsection (d) of this section is added to give statutory recognition to the weight of authority concerning a rule of venue as to which there has been a sharp conflict of decisions. (See Sandusky Foundry & Machine Co. v. DeLavand, 1918, D.C.Ohio, 251 F. 631, 632, and cases cited. See also Keating v. Pennsylvania Co., 1917, D.C.Ohio, 245 F. 155 and cases cited.) Changes were made in phraseology. REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (e), are set out in the Appendix to this title. AMENDMENTS 1976-Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94-574 provided that, in actions against the United States, its agencies, or officers or employees in their official capacities, additional persons may be joined in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and with other venue requirements which would be applicable if the United States, its agencies, or one of its officers or employees were not a party. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94-583 added subsec. (f). 1966-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89-714, § 1, authorized a civil action to be brought in the judicial district in which the claim arose. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89-714, § 1, authorized a civil action to be brought in the judicial district in which the claim arose. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89-714, § 2, repealed subsec. (f) which permitted a civil action on a tort claim arising out of the manufacture, assembly, repair, ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of an automobile to be brought in the judicial district wherein the act or omission complained of occurred. Present provisions are now contained in subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section. 1963-Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88-234 added subsec. (f) 1962-Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 87-748 added subsec. (e). EFFECTIVE Date of 1976 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 94-583 effective 90 days after Oct. 21, 1976, see section 8 of Pub. L. 94-583, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1602 of this title. FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE Venue unaffected, see rule 82, Appendix to this title. CROSS REFERENCES Antitrust laws, actions under, see sections 15 and 22 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. Change of venue, see section 1404 of this title. Diversity of citizenship, jurisdiction of district courts, see section 1332 of this title. Place of arrest in civil action, see section 1693 of this title. Process, see sections 1691 et seq. of this title. Federal National Mortgage Association as resident Waiver of venue, see section 1406 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTION This section is referred to in title 42 sections 1973aa-2, 1973dd-3. § 1392. Defendants or property in different districts in same State (a) Any civil action, not of a local nature, against defendants residing in different districts in the same State, may be brought in any of such districts. (b) Any civil action, of a local nature, involving property located in different districts in the same State, may be brought in any of such districts. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 935.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 113, 116 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 52, 55, 36 Stat. 1101, 1102). Section consolidates section 113 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with section 116 of such title. Last sentence of section 113 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to execution on judgments or decrees, was omitted as covered by section 2001 et seq. of this title. Words "civil action" were substituted for "suit" in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Words of said section 113, “against a single defendant, inhabitant of such State, must be brought in the district where he resides" were omitted as covered by section 1391 of this title. Words of section 116 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., "land or other subject matter of a fixed character" were deleted and the word "property" substituted for flexibility and uniformity. (See sections 754, 1692, of this title and reviser's notes thereunder.) Words of said section 116, "and the court in which it is brought shall have jurisdiction to hear and decide it, and to cause mesne or final process to be issued and executed, as fully as if the said subject matter were wholly within the district for which such court is constituted" were omitted as surplusage and fully covered by Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Said rule also covers the following omitted language: "A duplicate writ may be issued against the defendants, directed to the marshal of any other district in which any defendant resides." Changes were made in phraseology. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTION This section is referred to in title 42 sections 1973aa-2, 1973dd-3. § 1393. Divisions; single defendant; defendants in different divisions (a) Except as otherwise provided, any civil action, not of a local nature, against a single defendant in a district containing more than one division must be brought in the division where he resides. (b) Any such action, against defendants residing in different divisions of the same district or different districts in the same State, may be brought in any of such divisions. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 935.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 114 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 53, 36 Stat. 1101). Second sentence of section 114 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to mesne and final process was omitted as covered by section 1692 of this title and Rule 4 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The third and fourth sentences of section 114 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to transfer of criminal proceedings from divisions of district courts were omitted as fully covered by Rule 19 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The last sentence of section 114 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to removal of cases from State to Federal district courts, is incorporated in section 1441 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology. FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Venue and transfer of criminal prosecutions, see rule 18 et seq., and notes of Advisory Committee under the rules, Title 18, Appendix, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTION This section is referred to in title 42 sections 1973aa-2, 1973dd-3. § 1394. Banking association's action against Comptroller of Currency Any civil action by a national banking association to enjoin the Comptroller of the Currency, under the provisions of any Act of Congress relating to such associations, may be prosecuted in the judicial district where such association is located. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 935.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 110 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 49, 36 Stat. 1100). Words "Any civil action" were substituted for “All proceedings," in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Changes were made in phraseology. EXCEPTION AS TO TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Functions vested by any provision of law in the Comptroller of the Currency, referred to in this section, were not included in the transfer of functions of officers, agencies and employees of the Department of the Treasury to the Secretary of the Treasury, made by Reorg. Plan No. 26 of 1950, § 1, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280. See section 321(c)(2) of Title 31, Money and Finance. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of district court in banking association's action against the Comptroller of the Currency, see section 1348 of this title. § 1395. Fine, penalty or forfeiture (a) A civil proceeding for the recovery of a pecuniary fine, penalty or forfeiture may be prosecuted in the district where it accrues or the defendant is found. (b) A civil proceeding for the forfeiture of property may be prosecuted in any district where such property is found. (c) A civil proceeding for the forfeiture of property seized outside any judicial district may be prosecuted in any district into which the property is brought. (d) A proceeding in admiralty for the enforcement of fines, penalties and forfeitures against a vessel may be brought in any district in which the vessel is arrested. (e) Any proceeding for the forfeiture of a vessel or cargo entering a port of entry closed by the President in pursuance of law, or of goods and chattels coming from a State or section declared by proclamation of the President to be in insurrection, or of any vessel or vehicle conveying persons or property to or from such State or section or belonging in whole or in part to a resident thereof, may be prosecuted in any district into which the property is taken and in which the proceeding is instituted. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 104, 106, 107, and 108, and section 3745(c) of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 43, 45, 46, 47, 36 Stat. 1100; Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, 3745(c), 53 Stat. 460). This section consolidates section 3745(c) of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with sections 104, 106, 107, and 108 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to venue in civil proceedings to recover and enforce civil fines, penalties, and forfeitures, pecuniary or otherwise. Subsection (a) is based on said section 104 of title 28 and said section 3745(c) of title 26. Subsections (b) and (c) consolidate such sections 106 and 107 of title 28. Subsection (e) is based on such section 108 of title 28. Subsection (b) substituted words "may be prosecuted in any district where such property is found" for "shall be prosecuted in the district where the seizure is made," to include not only property seized, but also all other property subject to forfeiture. Words "civil" and "fine" were inserted to make this section applicable to the many provisions of the United States Code for fines essentially civil. (See reviser's note under section 1355 of this title.) Provisions of section 3745(c) of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., that such suit may be brought "before any other court of competent jurisdiction" were omitted as misleading surplusage, since United States district courts, under section 1355 of this title, have exclusive jurisdiction. Subsection (d) was added for completeness and clar ity. Changes were made in phraseology. SENATE REVISION AMENDMENT While section 3745(c) of Title 26, U.S.C., Internal Revenue Code, is one of the sources of this section, it was eliminated from the schedule of repeals by Senate amendment. Therefore, such section 3745(c) remains in Title 26. See 80th Congress Senate Report No. 1559. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of district court in action to recover fines, penalties, or forfeitures, see section 1355 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 26 section 7409. § 1396. Internal revenue taxes Any civil action for the collection of internal revenue taxes may be brought in the district where the liability for such tax accrues, in the district of the taxpayer's residence, or in the district where the return was filed. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 105, and section 3744 of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 44, 36 Stat. 1100; Feb. 10, 1939, ch. 2, § 3744, 53 Stat. 460). Section consolidates section 3744 of title 26, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code, with section 105 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed. Words "or in the district where the return was filed" are new. This extension of venue will permit of an action in a district easily determinable for collection of revenue earned in several districts, or States, but the return for which is filed with one collector. Changes were made in phraseology. SENATE REVISION AMENDMENT While section 3744 of Title 26, U.S.C., Internal Revenue Code [1939], is one of the sources of this section, it was eliminated from the schedule of repeals by Senate amendment. Therefore, it remains in Title 26 [I.R.C. 1939]. See 80th Congress Senate Report No. 1559. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of district courts in actions or proceedings under internal-revenue laws, see section 7402 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 26 section 7409. § 1397. Interpleader Any civil action of interpleader or in the nature of interpleader under section 1335 of this title may be brought in the judicial district in which one or more of the claimants reside. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 41(26) (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 24, par. 26, as added Jan. 20, 1936, ch. 13, § 1, 49 Stat. 1096). Provisions of section 41(26) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to jurisdiction are the basis of section 1335 of this title and other provisions thereof are incorporated in section 2361 of this title. Words "civil action" were substituted for "suit," in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Changes were made in phraseology. CROSS REFERENCES Process and procedure in interpleader actions, see section 2361 of this title. § 1398. Interstate Commerce Commission's orders (a) Except as otherwise provided by law, a civil action brought under section 1336(a) of this title shall be brought only in a judicial district in which any of the parties bringing the action resides or has its principal office. (b) A civil action to enforce, enjoin, set aside, annul, or suspend, in whole or in part, an order of the Interstate Commerce Commission made pursuant to the referral of a question or issue by a district court or by the United States Claims Court, shall be brought only in the court which referred the question or issue. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936; Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88-513, § 2, 78 Stat. 695; Jan. 2, 1975, Pub. L. 93-584, § 2, 88 Stat. 1917; Apr. 2, 1982, Pub. L. 97-164, title I, § 130, 96 Stat. 39.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 43 (Oct. 22, 1913, ch. 32, 38 Stat. 219). This section is completely rewritten to give effect to changes recommended by the Judicial Conference of the United States. Section 43 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., is as follows: "§ 43. Venue of suits relating to orders of Interstate Commerce Commission. "The venue of any suit brought to enforce, suspend, or set aside, in whole or in part, any order of the Interstate Commerce Commission shall be in the judicial district wherein is the residence of the party or any of the parties upon whose petition the order was made, except that where the order does not relate to transportation or is not made upon the petition of any party the venue shall be in the district where the matter complained of in the petition before the commission arises, and except that where the order does not relate either to transportation or to a matter so complained of before the commission the matter covered by the order shall be deemed to arise in the district where one of the petitioners in court has either its principal office or its principal operating office. In case such transportation relates to a through shipment the term 'destination' shall be construed as meaning final destination of such shipment." The amendment of section 207 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., proposed by the Judicial Conference is: "Except as otherwise provided in the Act entitled 'An Act to Regulate Commerce', approved February 4, 1887, as amended, the venue of any suit brought to enforce, suspend, or set aside, in whole or in part, any order of the Interstate Commerce Commission shall be in the judicial district wherein is the residence of the party or any of the parties bringing the suit or wherein such party or any of such parties has its principal office." The revised section substitutes the words "Except as otherwise provided by law" for the words of the conference bill, "in the act entitled 'An Act to Regulate Commerce, approved February 4, 1887, as amended’". (See section 16 of title 49, U.S.C., 1940 ed., which provides for jurisdiction and venue of actions to enforce Interstate Commerce Commission orders for the payment of money.) the defendant resides, or where the defendant has committed acts of infringement and has a regular and established place of business. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936.) AMENDMENTS 1982-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-164 substituted “United States Claims Court" for "Court of Claims". 1975 Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93-584 substituted provisions that civil actions under section 1336(a) of this title shall be brought only in a judicial district in which any of the parties bringing the action resides or has its principal office, for provisions that civil actions to enforce, suspend, or set aside in whole or in part orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission shall be brought in such judicial district. 1964-Pub. L. 88-513 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), and added subsec. (b). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AmendmenT Amendment by Pub. L. 97-164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97-164, set out as a note under section 171 of this title. EFFECTIVE Date of 1975 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 93-584 not applicable to actions commenced on or before the last day of the first month beginning after Jan. 2, 1975, and actions to enjoin or suspend orders of the Interstate Commerce Commission which are pending when this amendment becomes effective shall not be affected thereby, but shall proceed to final disposition under the law existing on the date they were commenced, see section 10 of Pub. L. 93–584, set out as a note under section 2321 of this title. CROSS REFERENCES Enforcement and review of Interstate Commerce Commission's orders, see section 2321 et seq. of this title. Jurisdiction of district courts in actions involving Interstate Commerce Commission's orders, see section 1336 of this title. § 1399. Partition action involving United States Any civil action by any tenant in common or joint tenant for the partition of lands, where the United States is one of the tenants in common or joint tenants, may be brought only in the judicial district where such lands are located or, if located in different districts in the same State, in any of such districts. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936.) HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 41(25) (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 24, par. 25, 36 Stat. 1094). Provisions of section 41(25) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to jurisdiction are the basis of section 1347 of this title. Words "civil action" were substituted for "suits in equity," in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Provision with respect to property in different districts was added to conform with section 1392 of this title. Changes were made in phraseology. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction of district court in partition action where United States is tenant in common or joint tenant, see section 1347 of this title. § 1400. Patents and copyrights (a) Civil actions, suits, or proceedings arising under any Act of Congress relating to copyrights may be instituted in the district in which the defendant or his agent resides or may be found. (b) Any civil action for patent infringement may be brought in the judicial district where HISTORICAL and Revision NOTES Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 109, and section 35 of title 17, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Copyrights (Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 320, § 35, 35 Stat. 1084; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 48, 36 Stat. 1100). Section consolidates section 35 of title 17, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with part of section 109 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with necessary changes in phraseology. Subsection (b) is based on section 109 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with the following changes: Words "civil action" were substituted for "suit," and words "in law or in equity," after "shall have jurisdiction" were deleted, in view of Rule 2 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Words in subsection (b) "where the defendant resides" were substituted for "of which the defendant is an inhabitant." A corresponding change was made in subsection (a). Words "inhabitant" and "resident," as respects venue, are synonymous. (See reviser's note under section 1391 of this title.) Words "whether a person, partnership, or corporation" before "has committed" were omitted as surplusage. The provisions of section 109 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to process are incorporated in section 1694 of this title. Jurisdiction and venue of patent suits against residents of foreign countries or persons residing in plurality of districts, see section 72a of title 35, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Patents. SENATE REVISION AMENDMENT Title 17 of the United States Code was enacted into positive law by act July 30, 1947, ch. 391, 61 Stat. 652, and, in such enactment, section 35 of the prior title became section 111 of the new title, and all Acts from which sections of the prior title had been derived, were repealed. Therefore, this paragraph should read: "Based on Title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 109 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, § 48, 36 Stat. 1100), and section 111 of Title 17, U.S.C., 1946 ed., Copyrights." By Senate amendment, section 111 of Title 17 U.S.C., is included in the schedule of repeals. See 80th Congress Senate Report No. 1559. FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE Process, see rule 4, Appendix to this title. CROSS REFERENCES Jurisdiction and venue of patent suits against residents of foreign countries or persons residing in plurality of districts, see sections 146 and 291 of Title 35, Patents. Jurisdiction of district courts in patent or copyright actions, see section 1338 of this title. Jurisdiction and legal remedy for unauthorized use or disclosure of patents and technical information, see section 2356 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Inter course. Process in patent infringement action, see section 1694 of this title. § 1401. Stockholder's derivative action Any civil action by a stockholder on behalf of his corporation may be prosecuted in any judicial district where the corporation might have sued the same defendants. (June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 936.) |