child's need at home, in school, in the community, or, if necessary, in the hospital, the foster home, or the children's institution. She brings to the attention of the leaders and citizens of the community any inadequacies in its services and facilities for children and helps to develop plans to overcome these deficiencies.

Child neglect and juvenile delinquency are serious problems in the fast-growing military and industrial areas. Many families crowded in trailers and shacks, in neighborhoods with too few schools and playgrounds, cannot provide for their children's needs and as newcomers do not know where to turn for help. Young boys and girls lured by excitement and the chance of employment come to these communities and find themselves living and working under unwholesome conditions and too frequently involved in difficulties with which they cannot cope unaided. In some cases fathers leave home for military service or other employment and the mother is left stranded with insufficient income to care for her children. Unmarried mothers and their babies need the help of community agencies. Cases of unmarried mothers have increased in some communities 50 to 100 percent.

Hundreds of girls are leaving home to work in these areas, both industrial and military. Frequently, in military areas, this work is chiefly waiting on tables at the taverns and juke joints.

Some 363 full-time and 43 part-time child-welfare workers paid in whole or in part from Federal funds in about 314 defense counties have been provided for in State child-welfare service plans as amended up to April 19, 1943, approved by the Children's Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1943.

The following illustrations show types of problems coming to child-welfare workers in defense areas:

A child-welfare worker has been placed in Ravenna, Portage County, Ohio, because of the social problems created by war activities there. Problems of juvenile delinquency, of adjustment of chilld and family in new situations, of assistance in advising with families as to adequate plans for children while the mother and father are both employed, are directed to the child-welfare worker.

In one county in a State with large defense programs, State police found 14and 15-year-old girls in juke joints engaged in promiscuities with defense workers and soldiers. They were not habitually delinquent but had come to the area primarily for employment and soon became involved in sex delinquencies. The efforts of the police to remove the girls from these situations were defeated because there was no facility available for the care of the girls except the local jails, where adequate care and individual attention were impossible. Eventually the State police refrained from doing anything about the girls because they could be held in jail overnight only and then had to be released. A child-welfare worker has now been placed in this area to assist in dealing with such problems.

The placement of a child-welfare worker in the Fort Custer area in Michigan was occasioned by the special child-welfare problems in this district which developed from the heavy influx of soldiers and civilian population. The district which the workers serve covers approximately a radius of 50 miles. The services of the worker in this area are limited to situations of children whose problems are related to the defense program, and referrals are encouraged from all of the social and health agencies, and the schools. Services are extended to all children whose needs fall outside of the functions of the regular agencies of the community. Calhoun County and the city of Battle Creek appropriate funds for travel and office expenses of the worker.

Through the use of Federal funds for extending child-welfare services under title V, part 3, of the Social Security Act, many State public welfare departments have been able to provide personnel for consultative, administrative, and counseling services connected with programs for services to children of working mothers employed mostly in war industries.

The State child-welfare service plans for 1943 as amended up to February 20, 1943, and recent field reports and correspondence received in the Children's Bureau show that 45 State workers (35 full-time and 10 part-time), 137 local workers (47 full-time and 87 part-time) and 15 stenographers, who were paid in whole or in part from Federal child-welfare services funds, were giving approximately one-fourth or more time to programs for services to children of employed mothers in war areas.

Child welfare service workers provided for in defense counties as shown by State child welfare services plans as amended up to Apr. 19, 1948

Where child-welfare workers have been placed in these defense areas, for example, in Childersburg and other areas, they have been able to help the community to see what the needs are, and to cooperate in the development of day-care committees, to work with the State authorities and with the social protective agencies in dealing with problems of delinquent girls, and to help in other ways.

They have dealt with particular children who have been delinquent or neglected.

The amount of service provided is only a drop in the bucket compared with what is needed. We do feel that there should be more adequate provision for meeting the needs of the children in many of these areas. They are very pressing needs, in my opinion.

GRANTS TO STATES FOR EMERGENCY MATERNITY AND INFANT CARE
(NATIONAL DEFENSE)

Mr. HARE. Will you please direct your remarks now to the supplemental estimate for carrying on the work which was authorized, under one of the deficiency bills?

Miss LENROOT. This supplemental estimate which was sent down by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget in House Document 160, provides as follows:

Grants to States for emergency maternity and infant care (national defense): For grants to States, including Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, to provide, in addition to similar services otherwise available, medical, nursing, and hospital maternity and infant care for wives and infants of enlisted men in the armed forces of the United States of the fourth, fifth, sixth,

or seventh grades, under allotments by the Secretary of Labor and plans developed and administered by State health agencies and approved by the Chief of the Children's Bureau, $4,800,000.

The history of that item is this. As a result of consideration by the Congress of an item recommended by the Bureau of the Budget for the first deficiency appropriation bill for the current fiscal year, the amount of $1,200,000 was made available in the First Deficiency Act for grants to States for maternity and infant care of wives and infants of servicemen.

The program had been started over a period of about 8 or 9 months under funds set aside at the request of the State health agencies from existing maternal and child-health appropriations.

Originally, $198,000 was set aside for this purpose, and finally a total of $649,486 was used by the States under existing maternal and child health allotments. On March 16, 1943, there were 30 States that had approved plans for maternity and child-health work for families of men in the armed services.

The need for this program had become evident to State health departments by requests coming to them, to Red Cross chapters and others, from women who were about to have babies who did not have money to pay for care and whose husbands were in the service. An amount of $1,200,000 was made available to carry on the program for the current fiscal year in the First Deficiency Appropriation Act, and the progress in the development of State programs has been splendid.

The Secretary of Labor has issued regulations, a copy of which I have here, for the expenditure of $1,200,000.

All States and Territories, except one, have indicated their desire to participate in this program, and to date 13 have submitted plans to the Children's Bureau for approval since this money became available.

Mr. TARVER. What is the measure of State cooperation?

Miss LENROOT. The State carries all the expense of administration from existing funds; that is, under existing maternal and child health programs for which Federal aid is given under the Social Security Act, the administrative expense can be borne.

The new money is used for the payment of doctors and nurses and for hospital care, and to that extent it is entirely on the basis of fund B, which is a federally financed part of the maternal and child health program.

NEED FOR APPLICATION OF SERVICES TO FAMILIES OF SERVICEMEN IN HIGHER GRADES

Mr. TARVER. There is one question I would like to ask you at this time. This question is not directed to the matter of the exercise of any discretion which is in your Bureau in the handling of this fund, but the basic question of whether or not the law is properly drafted. You are limited to work for the wives and children of men in the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh service grades.

Miss LENROOT. That is right.

Mr. TARVER. Of course, those men have allotments from the Office of Dependency Benefits for their wives and children, and you are not permitted to do this type of work for the wives and children of servicemen of higher grades.

Miss LENROOT. That is right.

Mr. TARVER. The wives and children of those servicemen in higher grades do not have the family allowances which are given to servicemen of the four lower grades, Congress having in that matter, I presume, acted upon the assumption that those in the higher grades receiving higher wages would make adequate provision from their wages for their wives and children.

But in actual experience, I have in my own district many cases of men in the higher grades who refuse to do anything for their wives and children. The matter as to whether they make allotments is a voluntary matter.

I received a letter from the Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel yesterday concerning a man who for some 2 or 3 years had provided nothing for his wife and children and who had refused to do so.

I am advised by the Chief of the Bureau of Naval Personnel that the Navy Department has no authority to require him to do so.

If this is a proper service, why should your Bureau be excluded from doing anything for the wives and children of men of that type in the service?

Miss LENROOT. I think there are cases of need in those grades, and I would not object to having the authority broadened. It was felt, I believe, that it was necessary to draw a line somewhere, and that the reasons which were back of the allotment and allowance law perhaps would apply here also. That is, above these four grades there are some allowances for quarters for dependents as well as quarters for the noncommissioned or commissioned officer, if he does not live in barracks or camps.

Mr. HARE. What are these four grades; what do they mean?

Miss LENROOT. The fourth grade, which is the highest grade to which we are authorized to give aid, has base pay of $78 a month, with the rank of sergeant in the Army. Of course, there are equivalent ranks in the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.

The fifth grade, which has the rank of corporal, has base pay of $66 a month; the sixth grade, which has the rank of private, first class, has base pay of $54 a month, and the seventh grade, with the rank of private, has the base pay of $50 a month. To all these there is added an increase of 5 percent for each 3 years of service up to 30 years of service. Of course, there are also increases for service overseas. For the first grade, with the rank of master sergeant, the amount of base pay is $138 a month; for the second grade, with the rank of first sergeant, the amount is $114 a month, and for the third grade, with the rank of staff sergeant, the amount is $90 a month, and there are also quarters, or monthly allowances for quarters, the equivalent in cash value of which is about $38 a month.

Mr. TARVER. But does the serviceman get that?

Miss LENROOT. That is for his dependents.

Mr. TARVER. I mean the men in the higher grades; I am not talking about the $90 man.

Miss LENROOT. He could get an allowance for quarters for dependents.

Mr. TARVER. I am not talking about the matter of the allowance. he gets but what his salary may be.

Suppose he does not want to support his wife or children, then there is nothing, it seems, that anybody can do about it. You cannot

give any aid under this appropriation, and neither the Navy nor the War Department can force him to do anything for his wife and children. That is a situation that should be corrected.

Miss LENROOT. I would be glad if Congress should broaden that provision.

Mr. TARVER. I understand that, but we have no control over the Army and the Navy. You might excite some interest on their part to take some note of that, and take some proposals to the legislative committees that would result in a correction of that situation.

It is all right to say that because a man gets say, $125 a month he should take care of his wife and children himself, but if he does not do it there should be a way to require him to do it.

Miss LENROOT. That is right.

Mr. TARVER. There should not be any reason why, if you are going to extend the type of service outlined in the supplemental estimate for wives and children of the men of the four lower grades you should not extend that type of service to the wives and children of men in the higher grades who do not look after their wives and children, whose wives and children may be in destitute circumstances.

Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Does not the court have something to say about that matter?

Mr. TARVER. Of course, the court having jurisdiction of the person of the husband or father could make requirements as to his contribution to their support, but if he is in the Army and Navy I do not see how it could do anything about it.

Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Does not the court order direct the husband to pay so much to keep his wife and family, and does not that order have a place in the War Department records?

Mr. TARVER. There would be two reasons why that would not be effective. One reason is that the Army and the Navy, according to their rulings, cannot give effect to it, and the other reason is that the man, under the legislation we have passed protecting the civil rights service men, would not be subject to suit, and no judgment or order of court could be secured against him.

Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I am very much interested in that same question, because I have at least four such cases in my district. Mr. TARVER. That should be corrected in some way.

Miss LENROOT. I shall be glad to look into that with the Army and the Navy.

I just want to comment that I think the whole Allotment and Allowance Act should be reviewed in the light of the greatly increased number of married men with children who will be taken into the armed services. I think both as to coverage with reference to grades and as to amounts there will be very grave hardship if there is not a review of the legislation.

NUMBER OF FAMILIES TO WHICH PROGRAM WOULD APPLY

Mr. HARE. May I ask you this question: If you do not have the information available, will you insert it in the record at this point, giving the data showing the number of married men in the armed forces now?

Miss LENROOT. We have some estimates. formation.

Dr. Eliot has some in