Employment and Opportunity

analysis basic services Britain capital career mobility Census cent chapter cohorts concentrated decline deskilling downward mobility earlier economic effect elite employees England and Wales evidence expansion Females Figure Goldthorpe Goldthorpe's groups growth higher highly skilled HMSO increase indirect access indirect entry industrial sectors industrial society inflow Kendrick labour force labour market later less skilled lieutenant class London lower male managers manual class manual origins mobility rates Moving averages non-farm non-manual class non-manual employment non-manual jobs non-manual occupations non-manual sector non-manual workers numbers occupational categories occupational structure occupational transition old staples organisation outflow overall pattern Payne percentage period present professionals proletarianisation proportion qualifications relatively sample Scotland Scottish economy Second World War secondary self-employed self-recruitment semi-skilled skill levels skilled manual workers social mobility sociology sons of manual Table thesis time-series trends unskilled manual upper middle class upward mobility upwardly Westergaard white collar