Senator AUSTIN. Does consumption include all consumption in the Orient or elsewhere?

Mr. MYERS. I have used "consumption", so far as it relates to mill consumption in the United States. In my statement that 80 percent of our cotton enters interstate or foreign commerce in the raw state, that would include cotton exported to the Orient or any other foreign market. A little bit over half of the cotton is exported, and the other half is consumed in this country.

I think it is worthwhile to call attention to the map, marked "Exhibit 5A", showing the origin of cotton receipts at the port of Houston, Tex., for the season of 1932-33. Each dot on the map represents 2,500 bales, and each cross represents 1,250 bales or less. You will see that Houston gathers a large part of its cotton from Texas, but also a large portion from Oklahoma, moving across the State line to get to Houston, and an important quantity from the States of Louisiana, Arkansas, and New Mexico, and a less quantity from Arizona, Missouri, and Mississippi. In other words, we have a large interstate movement of cotton before it reaches the port for export.

Senator AUSTIN. Is that raw cotton?

Mr. MYERS. Yes, sir; unmanufactured raw cotton. Next I have a map, exhibit 5b, showing where that cotton goes from the port of Houston, Tex. A small part goes back into the interior of Texas. Some of it goes to all of the States east of Texas, from Louisiana clear to Maine. Then a very large proportion is exported, approximately one-fourth to the Orient, less than that to Germany, still less to France, and some to Italy, Great Britain, Spain, and other foreign nations.

Senator O'MAHONEY. May I ask, first, with respect to the other chart, whether that represents a normal condition? The chart refers to the years 1932-33. There is no wide divergence from that condition by years, is there?

Mr. MYERS. No. We use that for two purposes. One is to be able to say those are the figures for that year. Of course, it is a very diffi cult job to work up these figures, going back to the railroad company reports to find out where the cotton originated and where it ended. That is not done for every year, but that year was recorded solely because the figures were available and it was a typical, normal year. Senator O'MAHONEY. Of course, it was a depression year.

Mr. MYERS. It was a depression year, but there is no reason to presume that the movement took any different channel that year from what it would in any other year. The year 1932-33 had an important volume of exports. Of course, our domestic consumption was much below that, much below the average, but the course that the cotton would take to go from the point of production to the point of

consumption, I believe, would be about the same as in any other year. Senator O'MAHONEY. That is altogether independent of the price! Mr. MYERS. Yes, sir; independent of the price per pound or even of the volume of movement.

Senator O'MAHONEY. You may proceed.

Mr. MYERS. As illustrative of the very great complexity of the movement of raw cotton, I introduce exhibit 5c, the fourth map, showing the volume of movement of cotton from one State to another in the United States. You will see a situation there somewhat like our arterial system, a large volume moving both into States and out of those States, across State lines without much regard for the existence of those lines, in fact, without any regard for the existence of those lines, some moving from Texas to South Central States and New England, some going by water, usually through the Texas ports or through the Mississippi River system to New Orleans, and around by coastwise transportation.

Senator AUSTIN. This map, for the purpose of identification, is entitled "Interstate and Coastwise Movement of American Cotton, Season 1925-26", is it not?

Mr. MYERS. It is. Thank you.

My next exhibit labeled "5D", is entitled "International Trade in Cotton Exports and Imports, Average 1927-28-1931-32." This map shows the volume of exports of American cotton for that period to be 7,800,000 bales, or between 55 and 60 percent of the cotton crop for that base period, the largest volume moving through Gulf ports into world trade, the next largest volume through southeastern ports, then middle Atlantic and northeastern ports, and a considerable quantity moving into export trade through the western coast ports in Washington, Oregon, and California. Of course, our cotton movement abroad is important to the Orient and to Europe. I do not suppose the place to which it goes after it leaves this country is important for your present purpose.

Senator O'MAHONEY. This chart and others you have presented all tend to indicate, do they not, that the production, distribution, and processing of cotton, like the production, distribution, and processing of meat products, constitutes an integral whole?

Mr. MYERS. That is correct.

Senator O'MAHONEY. Whatever affects the foreign movement of cotton necessarily has a direct and immediate effect upon some phase of production.

Mr. MYERS. That is right.

Senator O'MAHONEY. And what affects production will have directly the same effect upon the other phases.

Mr. MYERS. That is correct. A number of illustrations could be submitted to emphasize that point. I might point out that several years ago a number of our States passed laws to control the production and eliminate the surplus of cotton, and in almost every instance the law had to be conditioned upon other States taking similar action.

In one instance, where such condition was not included and where the other States did not take similar action, the law did not remain in force very long. Obviously, no one State can take action of that sort alone, and our whole cotton industry from the production up to the point of consumption is in one whole.

Senator O'MAHONEY. In other words, no single State could take any effective action to protect the producers of cotton unless all the other cotton-producing States cooperated?

Mr. MYERS. That is the experience.

Senator NORRIS. The whole thing shows that, so far as cotton is concerned, agriculture is not a local problem.

Mr. MYERS. It has not appeared so.

Senator NORRIS. You should submit these maps to the Supreme Court.

Senator O'MAHONEY. It might have been effective had they been submitted.

Mr. MYERS. My next exhibit is table V, showing the exports of cotton, by years, from 1931 to 1935, inclusive, by customs districts. I might say that the customs districts through which cotton is exported cover pretty much the borders of the whole country, but the larger volume is through the ports adjacent to the cotton-growing

areas.

TABLE V.-Exports of domestic raw cotton and linters from the United States, by customs districts

Compiled by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce. The statistics

relate to the 12 months ending July 31.

187, 336

149, 841

1,770 186, 651

1,408 274, 235

100

402