A Treatise on Civil Engineering

abutments arch arranged axis bars beams béton blocks bolts bottom braces brick bridge caisson calcined carbonic carbonic acid cast cast-iron centre chains clay compression concrete connected construction counterforts cross section curved cylindrical deflection depth diagonal diameter dimensions durability effect embankment engineer excavation experiments exterior feet flanch foundation frame give heat horizontal hot blast hydraulic cement hydraulic lime immersion interior kiln laid layer length limestones magnesia masonry material ments mortar ordinary pieces piers placed plates platform points of support portion Portland cement pressure rails resistance rest ribs roadway roadway-bearers sand secured sheeting piles side slaked slaked lime sleepers soffit soil solid span specific gravity spikes square inch steel stone strain strength structure struts suitable surface suspended tensile strength termed thickness timber tion transverse truss tube upper uprights usually vertical voussoirs wall water-way weight wire wooden wrought iron yield