percent of the national requirements for research and development scientists and engineers will be used at any time during the rest of the decade on the NASA program. Industrially financed research and development has continued to grow and has increased even as a percentage of the gross national product. Industryfinanced research and development has risen from 0.613 percent of the gross national product in 1953-54 to 0.907 percent in 1961-62, which is the most recent period for which statistics are available. NASA training grants and in-house training are contributing to the Nation's graduate level training of scientists and engineers. NASA has hired few teaching professors and its large industrial contractors indicate they rarely hire from university teaching staffs. NEED FOR BETTER DATA ON SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS There is a scarcity of essential information about scientists and engineers. This lack of information has been highlighted in many studies of scientific and engineering manpower problems including those by the President's Committee on Scientists and Engineers for Federal Government Programs, 1957; the Hauser Committee, 1958; and Mr. Siciliano's Information Essentials Group, 1959. These reports all concluded that the data on the numbers, kinds, demand, supply, characteristics, and deployment of scientists and engineers was inadequate. These informational inadequacies still exist. They are even more apparent now because of growing needs for such information and the present high interest in scientific and engineering manpower. The reports cited above concentrated upon manpower information and its deficiencies. Recently, attention has been focused on deficiencies of manpowerrelated information such as the interrelationships of manpower resources, funds for scientific and engineering work, and national objectives such as defense, space exploration, health, and the need to increase industrial productivity. Informational deficiencies in this broader context are even more apparent. Such information is vital to effective policy formulation by the executive branch and the Congress. This testimony is intended to fill the gap insofar as possible with respect to NASA's program. But much of the data had to be provided by special surveys and analyses and by the use of extrapolation methods which are unsatisfactory at best. Segments of data concerning scientific and engineering manpower, national and private funding, objectives of the work, and physical facilities are collected by many Federal and non-Federal organizations. Among these are the Civil Service Commission, the Bureau of the Census, the National Science Foundation, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the U.S. Office of Education. NonFederal organizations include the National Research Council, the National Education Association, the Engineering Manpower Commission, and various industry associations. In addition, Federal agencies collect scientific and engineering manpower and related information in considerable detail concerning their inhouse employees and functions, but little with respect to their contractors and grantees. However, three major types of deficiencies make this apparent wealth of information difficult and often impossible to use in major policy setting, without supplementing it by special collections of data. One deficiency is the gaps in existing information. Another is the differences among definitions, categories, and methodologies used. A third is the difficulty of interrelating different kinds of manpower information with expenditures, facilities, and objectives. These difficulties appear to indicate the need for development of an integrated, national system for the collection and analysis of scientific and engineering manpower and related information, including centralized storage of data from many sources and perhaps the utilization of modern computer technology for rapid access and analyses. Such a system would also reduce the multiple overlapping requests for basic information which burden reporting organizations in industry and throughout the economy. This is only a suggestion-and one that is beyond the purview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. INDEX Abelson, Dr. Philip H., criticism of science policies.. Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.___. Aerospace Research Applications Center (ARAC), Indiana University-- Page 17-18 38 109 23 102 97 62 40 1, 2, 3 41-43 1, 2 92, 95, 111-112 Appropriations and budget, need for more funds for university programs__ 33 Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges__. Bureau of Labor Statistics, estimated number of scientists in United Mount Palomar Observatory) Contributions to NASA research. California Institute of Technology (see also Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Callaghan, Richard L., Assistant Administrator for Legislative Affairs, Letter from, to Mr. Di Luzio, dated December 17, 1963_. 117 134 145 Committe on Aeronautical and Space Sciences (Senate) – Page 68-69, 71-73, 80 97 97 102 97 50, 51, 78, 81, 83, 96-98 Report entitled "The Federal Government and Education". Committee on Labor and Public Welfare (Senate), Subcommittee on Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (U.N.). Commoner, Dr. Barry, letter to Frank C. Di Luzio on the effects of the 68, 70, 72-76 40, 41 102 111-113 97 24, 64, 65, 88, 89 64, 65 24 Cyclotron___ Delaware, University of, NASA training grants_ Denver, University of, NASA training grants_. Department of Defense.. Coordination with NASA programs-- Educational program compared to NASA's- Funds for education___ Department of Health, Education, and Welfare_ Digest of Education Statistics_. Fellowships_-_- Department of Labor, manpower report of the President__ Department of Science, proposal to create_. 11, 12, 24, 64 11, 12 18 69, 71, 73, 76 Di Luzio, Frank C., staff director, Senate Committee on Aeronautical Letter from Dr. Barry Commoner on the effects of the space program Letter to, from Richard L. Callaghan. Duke University, NASA training grants_ 40. 41 97 Education (see also Elementary education, Graduate education, Secondary Elementary education, Federal funds.. Page 27, 28 24 8, 9, 13, 19, 28, 30, 31, 37, 38, 85, 87 Fulbright, Senator J. William, quoted Dr. Seamans on scientific man- 97 21 George Washington University, NASA training grants__ 97 96-97 Gilliland, Dr. Edwin_ 8 Golovin, Dr. Nicholas___ 18 Graduate education (see also Predoctorial training program). 7, Harrington, Dr. Fred Harvey_ Letter to Clinton P. Anderson on NASA university program. Harvard University: Contributions to NASA research.. NASA facility grant. Houston, University of, NASA training grants-- Illinois Institute of Technology, NASA training grants_ Illinois, University of, NASA training grants---- Indiana University Aerospace Research Applications Center___ Industry: Competition with education for manpower_.. Effect of NASA educational programs on industry.. Interagency Chemical Rocket Propulsion Agency-- 111 37-38 30-31 113 113-116 84 40-43 41-43 51, 52 81, 83, 98, 111-113 97 97 97 109 97 109 26-27 103-105, 107, 109 |