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ENTERED according to Act of Congress, in the year 1832. By CHARLES BOWEN,
in the Clerk's office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
CONTENTS.
Page.
UNITED STATES.-Policy of the Administration.-Sectional Parties.-
Policy of the Southern States-of the Northern,-Periodical Press.-
Political Machinery.-Political Course of the President.-Quarrels with
the Vice President.-Change of Cabinet.-Causes of Resignations.-
Character of New Cabinet opposition.-Anti-Masonic Party.-Origin of
same.-Principles of Anti-Masonic Party.-Effect upon the Politics of
the Union.
Indian Affairs-Conduct of Georgia.--Case of George Tassel.-
Resolutions of State Legislature.-Survey of the Cherokee Territory.-
Proceedings of State Legislature.-Co-operation of the Federal Govern-
ment. Occupation of the Cherokee Country.-Arrest of Missionaries.-
Condemnation and Imprisonment of.-Process in Supreme Court of the
United States.-Judgment of Court.-Change in mode of Paying Indian
Annuities.-Treaty with the Cherokees.-Proceedings of Senate.-Motion
in House on the Indian Relations.-To reform mode of distributing An-
nuities.
Foreign Relations.-Claims on France.-Conduct of France.-Meas-
ures of Administration.-Objections to Claims.-Louisiana Treaty.-
Beaumarchais.-Treaty with France.-Intercourse with British West In-
dies.-North East Boundary-Origin of Controversy.-Treaty of 1783.—
Of 1794 of 1814-of 1827.-Umpire appointed.-Award.-Protest on
the part of the United States.
Opening of Congress.-President's Message.-Impeachment of Judge
Peck.-Trial.-Acquittal.-Act declaring Law of Contempts.-Bill
to Repeal the 25th Section of Judiciary Act.-Judicial System of United
States.-Mode of executing Resolutions of Continental Congress.-Mode
Provided by Federal Constitution.-Chisholm vs. Georgia.-Amendments
to Constitution.-Twenty-fifth Section.-Cohens vs. Virginia.-Decision
of Court.-Discontent.-Rejection of Bill to Repeal.
Distinction between Federal and State Governments.-Prospects of
the Country-Cominerce.-Manufactures.-Internal Improvements.-
Policy of Federal Government.--History of Policy.--Madison's
Veto.-Course of Congress.-Monroe's Veto.-Act of April, 1824.-
Object of Act.-Policy of Adams' Administration.-Progress of In-
ternal Improvement.-Course of Jackson's Administration.-Veto.-Bills
Retained.-Grounds of objection.-Report of Committee on Internal Im- provement.-Debate in House.-Congress act in opposition to sentiments of President.-President yields to Congress.
Treasury Report for 1830.-Appropriations for Pensions.-For Support
on Survey of Public Lands.--Debate
of Government.--Debate
on Mission to Russia.-Debate on Turkish Treaty.-Appropriations for
Navy-for Fortifications-for Army-for the Indian Department-for
Public Buildings.
9
26
39
53
65
80
COLOMBIA.--Geography.--Physical Aspect.--Productions.-Govern-
ment under Spain.-Religion.-Character of the people.-Causes of the
Revolution.-Revolutionary Movements.-Miranda.-Events of Bayonne.
-Juntas.-Independence.
GERMANY.-Importance of.-Fall of the Western Empire, and its revival
under Charlemagne.-Electors.-Constitution of the Holy Roman Em-
pire.-Diet of the Empire.-French Revolution.-Dissolution of the
German Empire.-Confederation of the Rhine.-Its dissolution.-Con-
gress of Vienna.-Mediatised Princes.-Deliberations respecting the re-
construction of the German Empire.-As to Saxony.-New confederacy.
-Its objects.-Provisions of the Act of Confederacy.-Diet at Frank-
fort.-General and Ordinary Assembly.-Powers of the members of the
Diet.-Deliberations of the Diet.-Federal Army.-Internal Navigation.
-Tariffs.-Commercial Conventions.-Literature.-Copy-Rights.-
Liberty of the Press.-Patriotic Associations.-Central Commission at
Mentz.-Constitutions of Saxe Weimar.-Bavaria.-Wertemburgh, Han-
over, Baden, Nassau, Prussia, Austria, &c.-Quarrel of the Duke of
Brunswick with George IV-Decision of the Diet.-Revolution in
Brunswick.-Commotions in Saxony, Hesse Cassel, &c.
THE
Page
122
137
151
PENINSULA.-Portugal.-Emigrants.-Negotiation.-Distress_of
the country.-Operations at Terceira.-Conduct of England.-Don Pe-
dro.-Effect of the French Revolution.-Collision with England.-And
with France.-Regency at Terceira. Spain. Attempt of the Exiles.--
Mina.-Disputes.-Attack from Bayonne.-From Pespignan.-Torrijos.
GREECE AND TURKEY.-Effect of the Treaty of Adrianople.-Proto-
col of February.-Choice of Leopold.—He declines.-State of Greece.-
Destruction of the Fleet.-Assassination of Capo d'Istrias.-Turkey.-
Mahmoud's reform.-Revolts.-The Viceroy of Egypt.
POLAND.-Frequency of revolutions.-Partition of Poland.-Its effects.
-Policy of Napoleon.-The Polish legion.-The Dutchy of Warsaw.-
Congress of Vienna.-Poland subjected to Russia.-Alexander's char
ter.-Tyranny of the Russians.-Conspiracy of 1825.-Oppression of Ni-
cholas. New conspiracy.-Effect of the French Revolution.-Designs of
Nicholas.-Commencement of the revolution.
167
POLAND CONTINUED.-Provincial Government.—The Grand Duke.-Depu-
tation to St. Petersburgh.-Russian proclamation.-State of Warsaw.
Chlopicki Dictator.-Military preparation.-Radzivil succeeds Chlopicki.
-The Polish forces.-Diebitsch enters Poland.-Military Operations.-
Various engagements.-Negotiations.-Battle of Crokow.-Appointment
of Skrzynecki.-Efforts of the Poles.-Operations of Dwernicki.-Propo-
sitions. Skrzynecki's operations.-Insurrection in Lithuania-Battle of
Igani.-Retrospect.
POLAND CONCLUDED.-Position and Strength of the Armies.-Skrzynecki's
Plans.-Defeat of Licrawski.-Dwernicki's operations.-The Cholera
Morbus.-Battles of Kuflew and Minsk.-Advance of the Poles.-Battle
of Ostrolenka.-Death of Diebitsch.-Operations in Lithuania.-Battle of
Wilna. Jankowski's expeditions.-Excitement in Warsaw-Disasters
in Lithuania.-Retreat of the Poles.-Chlapowski and Rohland enter
Prussia.-Paskewicz passes the Vistula.-Council of War.Dembinski's
operations.-Fall of Warsaw.-Dispersion of the Polish army.-Reflec-
tions.
THE NETHERLANDS.-State of things in October, 1830-Bombard-
ment of Antwerp.-National Congress.-De Potter's resignation.-Decla-
ration of Independence.-Adoption of monarchy-Exclusion of the
House of Orange.-Designs of Russia.-The Constitution.-Offer of the
Crown to the Duc de Nemours.-Regency of Lurlet de Chokier.-Confer
ences of London.-Question of Luxembourg-Election of Prince Leo-
pold.-Hostilities commenced by Holland.-Opening of the Belgic Cham-
SWITZERLAND-Formation of the Confederacy-Constitution of the
Old Republic-Its Evil and Abuses.-The French Revolution.-Act of
Mediation.-Compact of 1814.-Its Public Law.-Example of Berne.-
Other Cantons.-Foreign Interference.-Movement in Tessino.-In other
Cantons.-Hostilities in Bàle.-Constitution of Berne.-Of other Cantons.
State of Schwytz.-Proceedings of the Diet.-Neufchatel.-Reflections.
bers.
159
181
200
214
225
ENGLAND.-State of public feeling.-Condition of England.-Aristocratic
Character of Government.-House of Commons.-Elective franchise in
England. Scotland and Ireland.-East India Company.-West India
Company.-Corruption of Government.-Catholic Emancipation.-Re-
signation of Duke of Wellington.-Whig Administration.-Situation of
Country-Poland.-Portugal.-West India Colonies.-East India Char-
ter.-Ireland.-Anti-Union Meetings.--Distress.-Disturbances.-Anti-
ty the Associations.-England.-Church property.-Meetings of Parlia
ment.-Civil List.-Retrenchment.-Budget.-Reform Bill-Charter of
Reform.-Discussion.-Timber Duty.-Defeat of Minister.-Second read-
ing of Reform Bill.-General Gascoyne's Motion.-Parliament dissolved.
-New Parliament.-Reform Bill again_brought forward.-Committed.-
Course of Tories.-Passed House of Commons.-Rejected by House of
Lords.-Public Excitement.-Lord Ebrington's resolution.-Riots at Bris-
FRANCE.-Impeachment of the Ex-Ministers.-Riots of October.-Change
of Ministers.-Trial of the Ex-Ministers.-State of Paris.-The Students.
-La Fayette.-Riots of February.-New Ministry.-Finances.-Proro-
gation of the Chambers.-The Heroes of July.-King's tour-Dissolu-
tion of the Chambers.-Election.-New Chambers.-Celebration of the
three days.-Resignation of Ministers.-Belgian expedition.-State of
Parties.
tol.
235
293