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When a location was discovered that would meet requirements the citizens of Hot Springs purchased the site (block 82), and title to the same is expected to be transferred to the United States as soon as legal processes will permit. The building fund has been reappropriated by Congress and made available for the fiscal year 1920.

Instead of a new administration building, the present structure will be remodeled to harmonize with the other buildings. Three new bathhouses will also be erected on the reservation front to replace the present Magnesia, Ozark, and Lamar bathhouses, ordered to be demolished at the end of this season. These will be built at the expense of the lessees.

Caring for the indigent people who come to Hot Springs for treatment is still an important housing problem. The citizens of the city have rendered a national service in assisting this class of visitors; but this call of humanity should also have a national response.

This park is growing rapidly in popularity, over 160,000 persons having visited it in the course of the year. The number of paid baths was 729,997, an increase of 25,022 over 1918. Total receipts for 1919 were $346,974.46, a gain of $14,183.34 over 1918. Net profits, however, decreased somewhat, due to the greatly increased cost of operation. The 1919 season profits were $127,476, while for 1918 they were $127,911. The Government free bathhouse supplied 87,040 baths, the Leo N. Levi Memorial Hospital, 5,445. Altogether there were 824,326 baths taken at the reservation during the season, an increase of 21,501 over last year.

Spring flowers approximating 15,000 bulbs were planted last December in certain sections of the reservation under the supervision of a landscape architect and afforded pleasure to the winter visitors. The effort made during the consideration of the last sundry civil bill to change the name of this reservation from Hot Springs Reservation to Hot Springs National Park was unsuccessful, but another effort will be made to present the merits of the proposal to Congress.

Lassen Volcanic National Park.-Although made a national park by Congress in 1916, this area is still administered by the Department of Agriculture, no funds having been provided for the National Park Service to assume control. A certain amount of grazing has been permitted, which has been entirely in the hands of the forest rangers. An office should be established and existing improvements maintained and others arranged for, unless it is the intention of Congress to no longer consider it as a part of the national park system, in which case it should be withdrawn and made a national monument. It has been suggested that in the park-to-park highway plans a fascinating tour could be made from Crater Lake National Park to Yosemite National Park by way of Klamath Falls, the lava beds, Lassen Volcanic National Park and Lake Tahoe. During the past

two years Lassen Peak has been quiescent, the last eruption observed being that of December 3, 1917.

Hawaii National Park.-Although no funds for the administration of this park have been available, the small appropriation made by Congress for inspection and continued negotiations for acquisition of private lands were effectively utilized, the Director of the National Park Service making a personal investigation of the park last spring. All lands on the west side of Kilauea Crater belong to the Government, but are wholly unfit for development as camp or hotel sites because of the noxious fumes. The lands not affected by these fumes are held in private ownership and are the areas necessary for park purposes. Before any appropriations for the improvement of Hawaii National Park can be made the private holdings necessary for the administration and operation of the park must be secured, together with the rights of way for roads and trails. An inhibition in the organic act establishes this situation. All private holdings in the Mauna Loa Park area have been acquired, and at the first opportunity the survey of a road to connect the Kilauea area with the summit of Mauna Loa will be undertaken. The Maui Chamber of Commerce has built a comfortable concrete rest house in the Haleakala Park area. The volcano of Kilauea has been quite active during the year.

Zion National Monument.-This monument is proposed as a national park, and as soon as this is accomplished certain extensive improvements should be made. Utah has continued its work of constructing permanent improvements on the highways leading to the monument, and if the suggestion to develop Arrowhead Trail from Salt Lake City to St. George is carried out, travel to Zion National Monument will increase greatly. Figures show that more people visited the monument this year by motor than by rail. Prehistoric dwellings have been discovered during the past summer, located only 4 or 5 miles from the entrance to Zion Canyon.

Muir Woods National Monument.-A water system which includes a reservoir has been installed. Mr. William Kent, who in 1908 donated to the Federal Government this tract, is now arranging to convey to the Government another tract of beautiful forest land, for the purpose of enlarging this monument. This tract will include Steep Ravine, which is not far from the Pacific Ocean. In event it is decided to exclude automobiles from these woods it will be necessary to construct an adequate parking space immediately below the reservation, which the owner has tendered for use as a parking area. This arrangement will offer increased advantages as a camping and picnic ground to visitors. Trails, both for use of visitors and as fire-patrol routes, are needed, also a cottage for the custodian.

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Chaco Canyon National Monument.-Excavation and restoration of some of the ruins of this monument are being undertaken by the Smithsonian Institution, the School of American Research, and the Royal Ontario Museum of the University of Ontario. A permit has been granted to Dr. Clark Wissler, of the American Museum of Natural History to conduct archaeological investigations at the Pueblo Bonito. The building of the dam and other work necessary to restore the ancient but comprehensive irrigation system will be done by the National Park Service.

Gran Quivira National Monument.-A proposal has been made to extend this monument to include the adjoining tract with the School of American Research purchased from private holders for purposes of preservation and scientific study. Some excavations are in progress by the School of American Research.

Petrified Forest National Monument.-Situated near both a transcontinental railroad and an automobile highway, this monument was visited this year by a large number of travelers. The improvement and repair of a section of the highway through one of the principal forests was the chief work done during the year. Besides the maintaining of good roads, a bridge is needed over the Rio Puerco between Adamana, the railroad station of the monument, and the north line of the reservation. A ranger is needed to prevent depredations.

El Morro National Monument.-The problem connected with this monument is the protection of the historic inscriptions from vandalism. Due to the work done on the Grand-Inscription Rock Road, the State of New Mexico is improving the Ramah-Gallup Road. The marking of trails, placing of warning signs, and opening up of the spring at the base of the rock for visitors, are other improvements borne in mind for early attention. Improvement of roads is bound to bring larger numbers of visitors.

Tumacacori National Monument.-Although established in 1908, not until this year were funds available for repairs on the old mission building. Mr. Frank Pinkley, custodian of the Casa Grande National Monument, who was last year made custodian also of Tumacacori National Monument, without additional compensation, directed numerous repairs on the structure. In this work Mr. Pinkley was assisted by the Chambers of Commerce of Nogales and Tucson, Ariz., and the archaeological department of the University of Arizona, the latter headed by Prof. Byron S. Cummings. These institutions also subscribed funds for a portion of the restoration work.

Dinosaur National Monument.-Continued investigations and excavations of this monument are being carried on by Dr. W. J. Holland, of Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh.

Casa Grande National Monument.-Considerable important but inexpensive improvement work was accomplished here during the

past year, namely, the clearing of débris and growth of brush, the building of a well, and the providing of picnic grounds, and parking areas for automobiles. The archaeological work undertaken consisted of preparation for investigations of these buried ruins. The study of an elliptical mound leads to the conclusion that the building within was used as a stadium by the ancient inhabitants of the village. Navajo National Monument.-Work of repairing Betatakin (Hillside House), a remarkable example of cliff dwelling, was completed last year, under the management of Neil M. Judd, of the National Museum, as field officer. These ruins are to Arizona what the ancient villages of Mesa Verde are to Colorado; and, like the latter, will continue to draw an increasing number of visitors each year. The task of restoring these historic ruins is not difficult, and is a matter of great importance.

Montezuma Castle National Monument.-This monument is in poor condition, and repairs should be undertaken to prevent further deterioration. A resident custodian is needed, but only a nominal sum is available for his services. There is considerable public interest in this monument.

Katmai National Monument, Alaska.-The four expeditions of the National Geographic Society to this region in 1918, which were followed this year by the largest exploring party yet sent out by this society to the region of Mount Katmai and the neighboring valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, more than justifies the creation of this natural wonder area into a national monument. The scientific harvest was unexpectedly large; and, as thousands of feet of film were brought back, the public will have an opportunity to become acquainted with the scenic wonders of this unique region. The discovery of an abundance of fish and game increases the qualifications of this monument as a national park of the future.

Devils Tower National Monument.-The road leading through the monument to the base of the tower was repaired, and the spring at the base of the monument developed to provide drinking water for campers and tourists visiting this natural curiosity.

Lewis and Clark Cavern National Monument.-Because of its inaccessibility it was thought best not to open this cave to the public until it has been made easier of approach and funds have been made available to compensate a resident custodian. This is necessary to prevent depredation. It is under the supervision of the superintendent of Yellowstone National Park.

Shoshone Cavern National Monument.-The trail to Forst's Cave in this monument was finished and offered numerous tourists an opportunity to visit this cavern. Its attractions will furnish an interesting side trip from Cody or the eastern approach to Yellowstone Park.

Sitka National Monument.-Of great interest to Alaskans was the repair of the 18 totem poles on the monument. The highest of these is 60 feet. In addition, seats were placed at prominent points on the island commanding good views of the particularly numerous scenic attractions of the neighborhood. The monument is located only 1 mile from Sitka.

Other national monuments.-Nothing of particular note has transpired in or near these areas; they either do not require extensive improvement or are not susceptible of development except at great expense. These reservations are the Pinnacles National Monument, California; Natural Bridges and Rainbow Bridge National Monuments, Utah; Colorado National Monument, Colorado; Papago Saguaro National Monument, Arizona; Capulin Mountain National Monument, New Mexico; and Verendrye National Monument, North Dakota.

THE TERRITORIES.

Since the transfer under Executive order of July 15, 1909, of the supervision of affairs in Porto Rico to the Insular Bureau of the War Department, the former Territories of New Mexico and Arizona have been admitted as States, and there now remains under this department the supervision of but two Territories-Alaska and Hawaii.

ALASKA.

In the report of the governor for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1919, a strong plea is made for the withdrawal of governmental restrictions on development and for assistance in opening up the Territory to more extended commercial activity. The governor expresses the appreciation of the Territory for what has been done heretofore, but urges still greater assistance so that Alaska can be placed on a greater revenue producing basis. In particular, he draws attention to the lack of Territorial police protection, the closing of industries due to high freight rates and the inadequacy of appropriations.

During the year the Territory has suffered from flood, fire, famine, sickness, and death. Floods have caused great destruction in Seward, Juneau, and Nenana; fire has wiped out a large part of the business section of Fairbanks and, due to the epidemic of influenza, a large proportion of the native population of the Seward Peninsula received relief through Territorial agencies.

The most serious of these disasters has been the scourge of influenza. Following the lines of steamer travel, early in October, influenza broke out in practically all the coastal towns. Travel to the interior was stopped and so escaped an outbreak there. Had the epidemic reached the native and white settlements of the Yukon, the

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