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1421. Gray-iron and semi-steel castings.

1423. Steel castings.

1424. Cast-iron pipe and fittings.

1430. Tin cans and other tinware not elsewhere classified. 1441. Wire drawn from purchased rods.

1442. Nails, spikes, etc., not made in wire mills or in plants operated in connection with rolling mills. 1449. Wirework not elsewhere classified. 1451. Cutlery (except aluminum, silver, and plated cutlery) and edge tools.

1452. Tools (except edge tools, machine tools, files and saws).

1453. Files. 1454. Saws.

1459. Hardware not elsewhere classified.

1461. Enameled-iron sanitary ware and other plumbers' supplies (not including pipe and vitreous and semivitreous china sanitary ware).

1462. Oil burners, domestic and industrial. 1463. Power boilers and associated products. 1464. Steam and hot-water heating apparatus (including hot-water furnaces).

1465. Stoves, ranges, water heaters, and hot-air furnaces (except electric).

1466. Steam fittings, regardless of material.

1482. Doors, window sash, frames, molding, and trim (made of metal).

1491. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets-made in plants not operated in connection with rolling mills. 1492. Forgings, iron and steel-made in plants not operated in connection with rolling mills.

in plants not operated in connection with rolling mills.

1494. Springs, steel (except wire)-made in plants not operated in connection with rolling mills. 1495. Screw-machine products and wood screws. 1496. Steel barrels, kegs, and drums. 1497. Firearms.

1498. Safes and vaults.

1499. Cold-rolled steel sheets and strip and cold-finished steel bars made in plants not operated in connection with hot-rolling mills.

Description of the industry. This industry, as defined for census purposes, embraces establishments engaged in the manufacture, from ore and scrap, of pig iron, ferroalloys-spiegeleisen, ferromanganese, ferrophosphorus, ferrosilicon, etc.-and castings made direct from the furnace. (The manufacture of electric ferroalloys is included in the "Chemicals not elsewhere classified" industry.) In many cases blast furnaces are operated in conjunction with steel works, but for census purposes they are treated as separate establishments.

Active and idle furnaces.-As explained in the headnote to table 9, the statistics as to number and capacity of blast furnaces refer to all furnaces, including idle ones, in plants in which at least a part of the furnaces were in operation at some time within the census year. They do not, however, include data for plants in which no furnaces were in operation at any time within the census year. Thus the numbers of furnaces shown are somewhat larger than the numbers of active furnaces but are somewhat smaller than the total numbers of all furnaces, both active and idle, in existence.

Relation of blast-furnace products and steel-works and rolling-mills products.-More than 88 percent of the total pig-iron output of blast furnaces in 1939 was used as a material by steel mills. A large part of the pig iron is delivered, mostly in a molten state, to steel works operated in conjunction with the blast furnaces, but in such cases the two units are treated, for census purposes, as separate establishments. A transfer value is assigned, by the company reporting, to the pig iron

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thus delivered, and this transfer value is included in the value of products for the blast furnaces and in the cost of materials for the steel works.

TABLE 1.-SUMMARY FOR THE UNITED STATES: 1899 TO 1939 [The figures for this industry include data for 2 independent sintering plants for 1939, 5 for 1937, 3 for 1935, 5 for 1933, and 4 for 1931. No corresponding data are included in the figures for years prior to 1931. The combined values reported by these plants for sintered ore, flue dust, and receipts for sintering were $3,416,054 for 1937, $754.242 for 1933, and $1,565,268 for 1931. Corresponding data for 1939 and 1935 are withheld in order to avoid disclosing data reported by individual establishments]

1 See GENERAL EXPLANATIONS-Definition of establishment.
2 See GENERAL EXPLANATIONS-Wage earners and wages.
Figures for years prior to 1935 do not include cost of contract work.

4 Value of products less cost of materials, supplies, fuel, purchased electric energy, and contract work. See GENERAL EXPLANATIONS-Value added by manufacture. Includes figures for the "Blast-furnace products" and "Steel works and rolling mills" industries and for the "Steel castings" industry for 1929 and prior years. Separate power figures for "Blast furnaces products" and for "Steel works and rolling mills" are not obtainable in all cases as some companies operating both blast furnaces and rolling mills operate a separate power plant for the two industries. The "Steel castings" industry was not a separate classification prior to 1939.

Not called for on schedule.

Data not available.