And for your attention this afternoon, I have brought samples of packages of foods obtained on the market which we consider thus deceptive. I think someone this morning spoke of Ovaltine, a widely advertised product, which is brought by people of a low-income level on the representations in the advertising which lead them to believe that by buying a product of this sort they are getting something which is invaluable for their families and which they feel must justify the price paid.

The composition, I think, was given this morning in the testimony. I simply again show you the price on this package, which is 75 cents. The total cost of the ingredients is estimated at 10 cents.

We have here another product, Instant Alberty's Food. It is an accessory food for adults and children. The composition of this product is given as dried whole milk, 90 percent; balance, starch. The net weight of the contents is 16 ounces. The price is $1.35. The total cost of the ingredients is 20 cents.

Mr. KENNEY. That is without the cost of manufacturing or marketing of the product?

Mrs. HowE. That is the cost of the ingredients in the product. It should be compared, of course, with the price of dried milk obtainable on the market, which is sold at a lower price. There is a cost there also for manufacturing and packaging, and it is sold at a much lower figure.

This is an advertised article, Stardom's Hollywood Diet, a reducing food. This contains soybean flour, 77 percent; salt, 3 percent; sugar, 10.5 percent; cocoa, 7.5 percent; vanilla powder, 1 percent; tricalcium phosphate, 1 percent; net contents 7 ounces; total cost of ingredients, 8 cents; selling price $2.

We have another product here, Syl-Vette, which is guaranteed free from thyroid or laxatives of any kind. It is advertised as a reducing diet. The approximate analysis shows: Cocoa, 10 percent; sugars (sucrose, lactose, dextrose), 65 percent; salt, 4 percent; cornstarch, 5 percent; powdered celery seed, q. s. The net content is 512 ounces; price $1. The approximate cost of ingredients is 6 cents. Mr. KENNEY. How is that prepared?

Mrs. Howe. I could not tell you. It is, of course, one of these proprietary foods.

This article is advertised and sold as a sandwich spread [indicating]. The ingredients are chicken skin, which is, of course, a byproduct, 86 percent; chicken broth, 8.6 percent; cracker meal, 2.8 percent; spices, 2.8 percent; net content, 3 ounces; price, 15 cents. The total cost of ingredients is 1 cent.

Mr. KENNEY. Did I understand you to say "chicken skin"?
Mrs. HowE. Chicken skins.

Mr. KENNEY. Just the skins?

Mrs. Howe. Just the skins. The analysis showed no meat.

We have here Chemm. Composition: Butter, 5 percent; skim milk, 5 percent; cocoa, 5 percent; sugar, 10 percent; wheat-bran extract, 10 percent; diastatic malt solids, 65 percent; net contents, 1 pound; price, 59 cents; total cost of ingredients, 14 cents.

Dietine is being very widely advertised in women's magazines at the present time. It is advertised with the seal of approval of one of the well-known magazine institutes. The component composi

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tion consists of milk solids, 45.33 percent; calcium caseinate, 15.66 percent; sugar (powdered), 12.40 percent; cocoa, 10 percent; wheat germ, 5.77 percent; powder egg (whole), 5 percent; vegetable gum (karaya), 2.46 percent; powdered yeast, 1.66 percent; salt, 1 percent; flavor (vanillin, coumarin, licorice), 0.66 percent; carotene, 20,000 A. D. M. A. units per gram, 11.8 grams; net contents, 1 pound 2 ounces; price, $1.50. The total cost of ingredients is 53 cents.

I can present figures, if you care to go into the matter, of the estimated amount of money that the average family with a definite income level in the United States can wisely spend for food, and which indicate that 90 percent of American families have an income of less than $4,000. The amount or the way in which their food allowance is spent is a matter of grave concern to us.

As women, and as teachers of young girls, we recognize the value and the wide acceptance of cosmetic preparations. That some of the preparations appearing on the market are unsafe and may cause irreparable damage, or even death, makes the immediate control of cosmetics imperative.

As an organization. we have studied S. 5 carefully. We do not consider it entirely satisfactory; but because we believe the early passage of food and drug legislation of great importance, we urge that this bill, with the amendments discussed by Mrs. Bannerman and Mrs. Baldwin, receive the favorable consideration of your committee.

In view of testimony presented before the committee, I would like to make some observations from the point of view of a housewife and consumer. For example, I listened with great interest to the plea of the Florida citrus growers for the legal right to dye oranges without declaring that fact. I am but one of many consumers who have looked with displeasure on the practice of dyeing oranges and resent the suggestion that such a practice be forced upon the unwary consumer without an honest declaration that color has been added. I have also noted that not the slightest reference has been made to the added cost of such a practice, which must, of course, be passed on to the consumer. The advocates of the dyeing process repeatedly referred at these hearings to the harmlessness of the dyes used and the fact that the skin of the fruit is not commonly used. As a housewife, as I sat here, I kept recalling the numerous uses I constantly make of orange rind. The grated peel is used to flavor frostings, fillings, sauces, and puddings. The peel is candied, and the rind is always used in making orange marmalade. You may be interested to see what happens to the wooden spoon used in stirring marmalade made from dyed oranges. I made some marmalade from some dyed and some undyed oranges.

This [exhibiting wooden spoon] is the spoon with which the marmalade made from the dyed oranges was stirred. I am not sure that you can see it from here, but it is brilliantly dyed. My cook brought the spoon to me after attempting to clean it and said "I cannot get this off of it." [Exhibiting spoon to committee.] This is the result of using that dyed orange peel.

Mr. KENNEY. That one left the spoon colored, but the one in which the methylene was used did not?

Mrs. Howe. The methylene did not. And this will not come off. Also, the marmalade itself was not the color I accept as the proper color in orange marmalade. I shall not use dyed fruit again. Mr. CHAPMAN. The marmalade itself is all right, is it?

Mrs. HowE. It is off color.

Mr. CHAPMAN. But I mean so far as being pure and nutritious is concerned?

Mrs. Howe. The Florida representatives said so. Of course, I am a little wary of it.

I have heard at the hearings that the dyes are perfectly harmless, but I am opposed to the practice. I think if we start to permit dyeing fruits there is no reason why we may not be offered blue grapefruit and purple apples or whatnot.

I would like also to put into the record a magazine publication which was left at my door one morning this week by the postman which shows the type of advertising which we very much resent, which you do not find in the reputable magazines.

That [exhibiting magazine] is the type of magazine which offers you 6 different magazines-they list the names of the different magazines, and you can get any 6 of them for a dollar for a year. The type of advertising in it is an affront to decency, but it is the sort of thing which is now entirely uncontrolled. Since people do not go to the drug store and select their things by reading what is on the label, but make up their minds as they read the advertising, this is the sort of thing that guides many people in making choices which we believe to be improper.

Mr. CHAPMAN. What is that magazine, Mrs. Howe?

Mrs. Howe. I cannot read its name.

Mr. CHAPMAN. Home Life and Household Hints.

Mrs. Howe. Thank you.

Mr. KENNEY. Mrs. Howe, you stated that we might get dye-colored grapefruit and purple-dyed apples; do you know that you are getting those things right now?

Mrs. HowE. No: I did not know it.

Mr. KENNEY. Well, as a matter of fact, we do, and I think that one of the witnesses here stated that they also colored the grapefruit, as well as the oranges, and the lemons, too.

Mrs. Howe. Is aniline dye added, or is it a vegetable dye?
Mr. KENNEY. Vegetable dye, he referred to.

Mrs. Howe. Well, I feel that consumers have a right to know what they are getting, and if oranges are to be dyed, I wish to have the "color added" sign on the orange so I may avoid them. Mr. CHAPMAN. Thank you, Mrs. Howe. hear Mrs. E. E. Danly, representing the Young Women's Christian Association.

Next we would like to National Board of the

STATEMENT OF THE NATIONAL BOARD OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, PRESENTED BY MRS. ALBERT H. PUTNEY

Mrs. PUTNEY. Mrs. Danly is out of the city, Mr. Chairman, and I am presenting this report in her place.

I am Mrs. Albert H. Putney, a member of the public affairs committee of the local Y. W. C. A.

Mr. CHAPMAN. We will be glad to hear from you, Mrs. Putney. Mrs. PUTNEY. This is a statement of the National Board.

Mr. CHAPMAN. You say you are a resident of Washington, D. C.?
Mrs. PUTNEY. Washington, D. C.

Mr. CHAPMAN. What street address?
Mrs. PUTNEY. 1428 Spring Road.

[Reading:]

At its last convention in May 1934 the Young Women's Christian Association voted to aid in the organization of the consumer and to support legislation which would help to raise the economic level of the country. Because of this action the National Board has authorized support of the principles of S. 5. Our 600,000 members in every State in the Union are consumers who wish their Government to protect their safety and health in the use of cosmetics and drugs, as well as in the use of food. As home makers, they wish their Government to guarantee such standards in food as will insure full value for their expenditures and a knowledge of what they are buying. We also have in membership large groups of girls with very little money to spend.

In their behalf we urge the careful consideration of this bill by your committee and prompt enactment by the House of Representatives.

Mr. CHAPMAN. We thank you, Mrs. Putney. Is Mrs. Mary Wright here?

STATEMENT OF AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION, PRESENTED BY MISS ALICE L. EDWARDS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Miss EDWARDS. Mrs. Wright could not be here.

Mr. CHAPMAN. Will you give the reporter your name, address, and profession?

Miss EDWARDS. I am Alice L. Edwards, 1800 K Street NW., chairman of this committee representing 12 national organizations. Mrs. Mary Wright was to have presented this statement. Mrs. Wright is a nurse here in the city, but she could not be present this afternoon. This statement is signed by Mrs. Susan C. Francis, who is president of the American Nurses' Association.

The American Nurses' Association, composed of 110,000 graduate nurses, is deeply interested in the efforts now being made to amend the present Food and Drugs Act, and is prepared to support S. 5, believing that through its provisions the consumer will be more adequately protected. Nurses as a group are in a better position to observe the effects of food and drugs than any other professional group, both in the home and the institution, for it is they who feed the patient and administer the medicine. They are, therefore, deeply desirous that every possible protection should be provided to both the sick and the well at all times, but most especially in connection with these particular necessities of life.

Respectfully submitted.

Per SUSAN C. FRANCIS, I. F. B.

SUSAN C. FRANCIS, President.

Mr. CHAPMAN. You have appeared before?

Miss EDWARDS. Yes; I presented the statement for the American Dietetic Association, because those two people were out of town. Mr. CHAPMAN. I wanted the record to show that.

Mr. KENNEY. Will you please state your name and address again? Miss EDWARDS. Alice L. Edwards, 1800 K Street. I happen to be chairman of the representatives of these 12 different organizations who have been working in support of the food and drugs bill, and in that capacity I have taken the responsibility of seeing that these statements were filed, since the representatives could not be here. Mr. CHAPMAN. Thank you.

Miss EDWARDS. Thank you.

STATEMENT OF MRS. ALVIN L. BARBER, BETHESDA, MD., REPRESENTING THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN

Mr. CHAPMAN. We will hear Mrs. Barber. Will you give the reporter your name and address, and the organization for which you speak?

Mrs. BARBER. Mrs. Alvin Barber, Bethesda, Md.

I am here representing the American Association of University Women.

I am late, Mr. Chairman, because I tried today, between two sessions of these hearings, to get evidence which I thought would be of value to you, and I was successful, although it took me some time.

I purchased in two shops in this city, packages of "Lash Lure that dye for eyelashes which has had such disastrous effects, resulting in blindness and death, not only before but after the hearings in the Senate committee on this bill were started.

I found four shops in an area of less than six block on a single street where this "Lash Lure" is being used. At two of the shops I purchased a package of Lash Lure, which I would like to put in as an exhibit, with directions for use.

Mr. CHAPMAN. The members of the committee will not be expected to use that, will they?

Mrs. BARBER. I think that I will leave that to the discretion of the committee.

I represent the American Association of University Women, an organization of 45,000 members who hold degrees from higher institutions of learning, and of approximately 15,000 associate members who have studied at such institutions for 2 or more years. The association's president is Dr. Meta Glass, president of Sweet Briar College, and its national headquarters are at 1634 I Street, Washington. This large body of trained women has for years maintained a national committee on consumer interests and has conducted investigations of the purchasing power and consumer needs of women. As a result, the association was glad to endorse the original food and drug legislation known as the "Copeland bill", drafted in 1933, which was wisely and patriotically drawn to give genuine consumer protection to the 120,000,000 users of food, drugs, and cosmetics. For the 2 years following the drawing up of this bill, our membership has watched with increasing wonder and alarm the paring down and progressive weakening of the first consumer-conscious draft. The final form recently passed by the Senate as S. 5 is very far indeed from the original intent of this legislation, which was, of course, designed to increase, not weaken, Federal control of the industries involved.

Our alarm and indignation have been shared by the women of the many other national organizations now appearing before your committee, all of whom have become increasingly aware of the selfish and effective pressure brought to bear on reshaping this bill by certain representatives of large and small industries.

As a result of this pressure, a very large proportion of the protection most important to the consumer has been ruthlessly eliminated from this bill. For example: