September 1770 arrived at the island of Savu, from whence he pro ceeded to Batavia, and from thence round the Cape of Good Hope to England, where he arrived on the 12th of June 1771. Soon after Captain Cook's return home in the Endeavour, it was refolved to equip two fhips, to complete the difcovery of the Southern hemifphere. Accordingly the Refolution and the Adventure were appointed for that purpofe; the firft was commanded by Captain Cook, the fame able navigator who had fuccefsfully performed the preceding voyage, and the latter by Captain Tobias Furneaux. They fel-d from Plymouth found on the 13th of July 1772, and on the 192 of the fame month arrived at the island of Madeira. From thence they proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope; and in February 1773 ar rived at New Zealand, having fought in vain for a Southern com nent. In that month the Refolution and the Adventure separated, a confequence of a thick fog, but they joined company again in Qren Charlotte's found, on the 18th of May following. In August they arrived at Otaheite; and in September they discovered Harvey's Ifland. On the second of October they came to Middleburgh, one of the Friendly Islands; and about the clofe of that month the Refolution and the Adventure were feparated, and did not join compoty any more. Captain Cook, however, proceeded in the Refolution, order to make discoveries in the Southern polar regions, but was ft-p ped in his progrefs by the ice in the latitude of 71 degrees 10 mi nutes South; longitude 106 degrees 54 minutes Well. He then proceeded to Eafter Ifland, where he arrived in March 1774, as be did alfo in the fame month at the Marquefas Islands. He afterwards difcovered four islands which he named Pallifer's Iflands, and again Ateered for Otaheite, where he arrived on the 22d of April, and made some stay, and alfo vifited the neighbouring ifles. In Angul he came to the New Hebrides, fome of which were first discovered by him. After leaving thefe ifles, he fteered to the Southward a few days, and discovered an ifland which is fuppofed to be the largest in the South Pacific Ocean, except New Zealand. To this ifland, which is barren, and thinly inhabited, he gave the name of New Caledonia. It an about eighty-feven leagues long, but its breadth is not confiderable, nor any where exceeding ten leagues. It extends from the latitude of 19 degrees 37 minutes, to 22 degrees 30 minutes, S.; and from the longitude of 163 degrees 37 minutes, to 167 degrees 14 minutes E After having furveyed the South-Weft coaft of this ifland, Capta Cook fteered again for New Zealand *, in order to refreth his crew, and put his ship into a condition to encounter the dangers atrending the navigation in the high Southern latitudes. Directing his courir to the South and Eaft, after leaving New Zealand, till he arrived a the latitude of 55 degrees fix minutes South, longitude 138 de but Captain Cook discovered a fireight between them, which ran North-Fak, and failed through it; and New Guinea is now found to be a long, narrow inland. ⚫ New Zealand is now known to confist of two large islands, divided from each other by a freight, or paffage, called Cook's Streight, which m about four or five league, broad, grees 56 minutes Weft, without meeting with any continent, Captain Cook gave up all hopes of discovering any in this ocean; and therefore came to a refolution to steer directly for the West entrance of the ftraits of Magellan, with a view of coatting and furveying the outermoft or South-fide of Terra del Fuego. Keeping accordingly in a bout the latitude of 53 or 55, and Reering nearly Eaft, he arrived off the Western mouth of the traits of Magellan, without meeting with any thing remarkable in this new route. In January 1775 he difcovered a large and dreary ifland, to which he gave the name of South Georgia. "He afterwards difcovered various capes and elevated fnow-clad coafts, to the most Southern part of which he gave the name of the Southern Thule, as being the nearest land to that pole which has yet been difcovered. In February, he difcovered Sandwich Land, and feveral islands covered with fnow. He then proceeded round the Cape of Good Hope to England, where he arrived on the 30th of July 1775. Captain Furneaux had returned to England in the Adventure a year before, having proceeded home round the Cape of Good Hope, without making any remarkable difcovery. Ten of his men, a boat's crew, had been murdered and eaten by fome of the favages of New Zealand; fo that this voyage afforded a melantholy proof that cannibals really exift; and, indeed, in the course of thefe voyages of discovery, other evidence appeared of this fact. With regard to the Northern hemifphere, the principal difcoveries were made by the Ruffians as far back as the year 1747. Of all other nations indeed they had the beft opportunity, being poffeffed of all that boundless tract in the Northern part of Afia called Siberia, which extends quite to its North-Eaftern extremity. They discovered a chain of iflands ftretching between the continents of Afia and America. They pretended even to have discovered the coafts of the latter, which Jay at no great diftance from thofe of Afia. Thefe accounts, however, were contradicted by fubfequent voyages; but to ascertain the matter beyond a doubt, Captain Cook was once more fent out with orders to discover the North-Eastern coats of Afia, and the NorthWestern ones of America. He accomplished the purpofes of his voyage with that activity and skill which had fo remarkably diftinguifhed him on other occafions; but was unfortunately killed at an land in the South-Sea, in an encounter with a parcel of favages. Of the manner of his death we have had different accounts, none of which perhaps is to be altogether depended upon, and no authentic account of his discoveries hath yet appeared. In 1773 a voyage towards the North Pole was undertaken by the Honourable Commodore Phipps now Lord Mulgrave. He failed Northward on the meridian of London till they arrived at the latitude of fomewhat more than 81 degrees, but no difcoveries of any confequence were made. In fome effays, however, fince published by the Honourable Daines Barrington Efqr. the courfe which they kept in this voyage is blamed, and he fuppofes, that by keeping more to the Eastward, they might have eafily got clear of the ice, and failed even to the Pole itfelf; of the poffibility of which he brings feveral inftances. His reafons, however, feem to be pretty well anfwered, though indirectly, in Forfter's Obfervations. Indeed there feens now to be but little room for ufeful discovery in any part of the globe. A parliamentary reward is offered to thofe who thall approach within five degrees of the North Pole, and a much greater one for those who fhall arrive at the Pole itself. This seems to be with a view of obtaining a fhorter paffage to the Eaft Indies; but though this paffage fhould be obtained for once, it seems by na means probable that it will ever be navigable for common trading veffels: at any rate, it must be fo uncertain, that it could never be depended upon. This paffage to the Eaft Indies hath been attempted in three different ways: 1. By the Straits of Davis, or Hudían, in North America: 2. Along the Northern coafts of Afia, and 3. By the Pole itself. The two firft methods are generally allowed to be unpracticable. The continent of America feems not to have any outlet through ht, nor can any plaufible reafon be adduced for fuppofing that it has one. The Northern coafts of Afia are invironed with ice which never thaws, and the repeated attempts of the Ruffians, from the mouth of the river Lena to the Eaft, and from Kamtfchatka to the Weft, have fhewn that the difficulties of this voyage can by no means be furmounted. Some time ago a Samoied was hired by the Ruffian court to travel over the ice itself as far as poffible to the Northward, in a carriage drawn by dogs, according to the cuftom of the country. He fet out according ly, and continued on his journey for a fortnight, during which time he computed that he had travelled over the frozen ocean for 400 miles; but found it impoffible to go farther, because the ice, when till then had been pretty level, now rose in dreadful mountains. He climbed up to the top of one of these, but could discover nothing but profpects of the fame kind, without any opening. This feems to be difcouraging to the project which fome British philofophers, according to Mr Barrington, had undertaken, namely of travelling over the ice to the Pole, and returning by the fame way. A NEW A NEW CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE O F REMARKABLE EVENTS and INVENTIONS, ALSO, The AERA, COUNTRY, and WRITINGS, of The whole comprehending the Analyfis, or Outlines, of Univerfal Bef. Chrift. 4004 HE creation of the world, and Adam and Eve. TH 2349 Noah's deluge, which deftroyed the whole world, that patriarch and his family excepted. Continued a year. 2246 The tower of Babel is built about this time by Noah's pofterity; upon which God miraculously confounds their language, and thus difperies them into dif ferent nations. 2217 Babylon built by Nimrod, 2188 Mitraim, the fon of Ham, founds the kingdom of Egypt, 2059 Ninus, the fon of Belus, founds the kingdom of Affyria. 1856 The kingdom of Argos in Greece, begins under Inachus. 1822 Letters of the alphabet invented by Memnon, an Egyptian, 1571 Mofes, brother to Aaron, born, and adopted by Pharaoh's daughter, who edu 1556 Cecrops brings a colony of Saltes from Egypt into Attica, and begins the king dom of Athens in Greece. 1546 Scamander comes from Crete into Phrygia, and begins the kingdom of Troy. 1534 Dancing invented by the Curetes. 1532 Court of Areopagus inftituted at Athens. 1529 Deucalion's deluge. 1506 The flute and harmony in music invented by Hypagnio of Phrygia. 1493 Cadmus carried the Phoenician letters into Greece, and built the citadel of Thebes. 1491 Mofes, by the divine command and affiftance, delivers the Ifraelites from the oppreffion of Pharaoh, and brings them out of Egypt into the wilderness. 1485 The first ship that appeared in Greece was brought from Egypt by Danocus. 1454 Ale and wine invented by Bacchus. 1453 The first Olympic games, celebrated at Olympia, ia Greece. 1451 The Ifraelites, after fojourning in the wilderness forty years, are led, under Jo fhua, into the land of Canaan. 1432 Iron found on Mount Ida by the Dactyles; fuppofed to be melted from its ore by the accidental burning of the woods. 1399 The Eleufinian myfteries, in honour of Ceres, inftituted at Athens. 1263 The Argonauts carry off the golden fleece from Coichis. 1252 Writing firft taught to the Latins by Europa, daughter of Agenor king of Phoenicia. 1249 Poetry invented by Orphens, 1235 Helen carried off by Theteus when only nine years of age; and in 1219 by Paris, fon of Priam king of Troy, after the had been married to Menelaus, king of Sparta. 1226 Nemean games instituted by Adraftus, in honour of Jupiter and Hercules, Bef. C. 1218 The Trojan war commences on account of the rape of Helen by Paris. 1208 Troy taken, plundered, and burnt. Aeneas flies into Italy. 1069 Sparta built by Eurotas, and named after his daughter. The republic was ab led Lacedemon, from his wife. 1048 David is fole king of Ifrael. 10C4 The temple is folemnly dedicated by Solomon. 900 The empire of Syria begins to be powerful and formidable to Ifrael, 895 Weights and measures invented by Phy.or tyrant of Argos. 894 Money first made of gold and filver at Argos. 869 The city of Carthage, in Africa, founded by Queen Dido. 814 The kingdom of Macedon begins. 786 Galleys with three banks of oars invented by the Corinthians. 767 A general plague all over the world. 753 Aera of the building of Rome in Italy, by Romulus, first king of the RomISE 750 Knights inflituted by the Romans. 740 The Syrian empire deftroyed by that of Affyria. 720 Samaria taken, after three years liege, and the kingdom of Ifrael finished by Sub manafer, king of Affyria, who carries the ten tribes into captivity. 700 Iambic verfe introduced by Archilochus. 658 Byzantium, (now Conftantinople,) built by a colony of Atheniant, 604 By order of Necho, king of Egypt, fome Phoenicians failed from the Red Sta round Africa, and returned by the Mediterranean. Goo Thales of Miletus, the chief of the feven fages of Greece, travels into Er. whence, being inftructed by the priests, he carries home fome knowina ge nå geometry, and the Egyptian theology. 597 Jchojakin, king of Judah, is carried away captive, by Nebuchadnezzar, to Ba bylon. 591 The Pythian games eftablished by the Amphictyons at Delphos. 587 The city of Jerufalem taken, after a fiege of 18 months. 562 The first comedy at Athens afted upon a moveable scaffold, 559 Cyras the first king of Perfia. 547 Anaxamander, difeiple of Thales, dies, who made the first map of any reparation. 538 The kingdom of Babylon finished; that city being taken by Cyrus, who gives an edict for the return of the Jews. 535 The first tragedy was acted at Athens, on a waggon, by Thespis. 526 Learning is greatly encouraged at Athens, and a public library art founded 525 Cambyfes conquers Egypt. 515 The fecond temple at Jerufalem is finished under Darius. 509 Tarquin, the feventh and last king of the Romans, is expelled, and Rome s governed by two confuls, and other republican magistrates. 508 Singing in chorulies invented at Athens. 504 Sardis taken and burnt by the Athenians, which gave rise to the Perúan inva fion of Greece. 486 Prizes for tragedy inflituted, and the first gained by Efchylus. 481 Xerxes the Great, king of Perfi, begins his expedition against Greece. 470 Another prize for tragedy gained by Sophoc es. 458 Ezra is fent from Babylon to Jerufalem, with the captive Jews and the velata of gold and filver, e. 454 The Romans tend to Athens for Solon's laws. 451 The Decemvirs created at Rome, and the laws of the twelve tables compund and ratified. 443 A third prize for tragedy gained by Euripides. 4411 he battering ram, teftudo, and other military engines, invented by Art nes of Clazomenae. 43 The h (tory of the Old Testament finishes about this time. 1 Malachi the lub of the prophets. 4 Socrates, the founder of moral philofophy among the Greeks, believes mortality of the foul, a state of rewards and punilaments: for other fublume doctrines, he is put to death by the Athenians, wi repent, and erect to his memory a Itatue of bra. 356 The celebrated temple of Dana at Ephelus turut by Crollatas, to pe-p his name. 344 The to: celoft al lyftem Grit taught by H cetus, pl. l^pler of Symante 351 Avtaander the Great, kirg et Mitelun, synjut. Dad, it& Pila * omet nation, of Alie, |