New Univerfal Geographical GRAM MAR: WHEREIN THE SITUATION AND EXTENT OF THE SEVERAL COUNTRIES Are laid down according to the most Exact GEOGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS, AND THE HISTORY OF ALL THE DIFFERENT KINGDOMS of the WORLD, Is interfperfed in fech a Manner, As to render the Study of Geography both Useful and Entertaining. UNDER THESE THREE HEADS: 1 A Compendious System of Aftro III. A particular defcription w TOGETHER Countries contained in each quarter of the World; their Cities, chief Towns, respective forms of G vern ment, Forces, Revenues, Taxes, and History. WITH An Account of the Air, Soil. Produce, Traffic, Curiofities, Arms, Religion, The SECOND EDITION, with large Additions. ILLUSTRATED WITH A NEW AND CORRECT SET OF MAPS OF THE COUNTRIES DESCRIBED. The whole being an Improvement and Continuation of Brought down to the prefent time. By J. T YTLE R. EDINBURGH: PRINTED FOR J. SPOTTISWOOD, BOOKSELLE M.DCC. LXXXIL The Artificial Sphere, p. 23 III. Europe, p. 89 IV. Spain and Portugal, p. 92 V. France, p. 122 VI. Italy, p. 151 VII. The Seven United Provinces, with the Auftrian, French, and Dutch Netherlands, p. 180 VIII. Germany, p. 204 IX. Hungary, with Turkey in Europe, p. 237 X. Poland, Lithuania, and Pruffia, p. 251 XI. Ruffia, or Mufcovy in Europe, p. 271 XII. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland, p. 290 XIII. England and Wales, p. 34 XIV. Scotland, p. 478 XV. Ireland, p. 518 XVI. Afia, p. 540 XVII. Turkey in Afia, p. 543 XVIII. The Eaft-Indies, p. 575 XIX. China, p. 599 XX. Africa, p. 619 XXI. North America, p. 643 XXIII, South America, p. 688 N. B. The binder is defired to beat the book before he places the maps. THE THE E PRE FAC E. T create in the British youth a laudable am bition to excel in fuch purfuits as moft conduce to their own honour and happiness, and the profperity of their native country, was one principal motive to this undertaking. Curiofity is natural to the foul of man. We are inquifitive, and wonderfully folicitous to be informed of every thing, and every man's concerns, even to a fault; and fhall we be lefs inquifitive, lefs folicitous, in the purfuit of useful knowledge, and the most important truths? Can there be a rational creature unconcerned to know the state of the world about him, and the manners, customs, and hiftory, of the feveral nations his cotemporaries? And does it not add infinitely to the fatisfaction of every man that reads, to know the time when, and the place where, great and memorable actions were performed? But the labour and difficulty that is ufually apprehended in making thefe inquiries, frightens young gentlemen from attempting to inform themfelves in these particulars; though without a general knowledge of them, they are neither capable of ferving their country, nor qualified for conver fation. This tract, therefore, prefents the youth of Great Britain with the world in miniature; which, it is prefumed, will be found to contain the moft exact chronology, and the most perfect fyftem of geography now extant, with fuch an epitome of Mo dern deavoured to improve the modern geography, rectified the chronology, and fhewn the prefent state, revolutions, and changes of government, that have happened in the refpective nations defcribed, but caufed a fet of new maps to be engraved, that may agree with the work, and corrected them with my own hand; for fince the days of my friend Moll the geographer, we have had nothing but copies of foreign maps, by engravers unfkilled in geography, who have copied them with all their er TEE NTENT In these maps the degrees of Eastern and Western Longitude will be found on the top of each map, and the hours and minutes every place: lyes Eaft or Weft of London, (the firft meridian,) at the bottom of the map; fhewing, at one view, the number of degrees, and the difference, in point of time, between any two places on the globe: For instance, any place which is fituated one degree 記 East of another, will appear to have the fun four RO minutes of time before it; and a place fituated one degree Weft of another, will appear to have the fun four minutes after it. Again, a place fituated 15 degrees East of London, (as Naples,) will appear to have the fun one complete hour before those at London; and a place fituated 15 degrees Weft of them, (as the island of Madeira,) will appear to have the fun an hour after they have it at London; which is much easier apprehended by viewing a map of this kind than by any definition or explanation whatever. Page 89 921 113: 122 THE " |