least one institution of each type within each region. These considerations prompted the Investigative Staff to analyze the Bureau's population at the end of FY 1966 as if regions had existed, with the regional population at the end of FY 1975.

The analysis shows that over the 10-year period there was an increase in the population of 2,088 or 9.7 percent. The percent of increase is about 1 percent per year. (This is in complete agreement with the 10-year analysis on Page 22 which analyzed the incarcerated population by type of facility.) See Appendix B for the regional organization and inventory by type of

institution.

The above regional analysis also indicates that each region has experienced growth in population with the corresponding percent increase.

The North Central region has by far the largest population, yet it experienced the smallest percent of increase--1.1 percent.

Presenting population by regional breakout (something the Bureau does

to show overpopulation) is misleading and requires clarification. The 10-year institutional population trend by type of institution (See Page 20) shows

that both young adults and long-term adults categories experienced a decrease of 6.4 and 5.1 percent, respectively. The Springfield medical institution

also experienced a decrease of 10.4 percent. The North Central Region has 3 of the 6 long-term adult institutions, 2 of the 7 young adult institutions, and the Springfield medical institution. Long-term adult institutions and

young adult institutions comprised 53 percent of the total inmate population in FY 1975.

The Investigative Staff is of the opinion that the best presentation of population and overcrowding therefore becomes an analysis by type of institution because it reflects more realistically inmate placement by type of offense and type of institution where incarcerated.

The presentation of population by region is also misleading as an indicator of overcrowding by regions unless adjusted for facility deletions and additions during the 10-year period. As an indicator of the amount of the increase in population housed in the same institutions between FY 1966

and FY 1975, the following analysis was prepared.

The number of new facilities brought into the system and old facilities closed is shown in parenthesis. The population absorbed by new facilities is subtracted and the population of those closed is added to show the net

change among the sane institutions in each region. Thus, all regions experienced an increase in population of 873 or 4.1 percent. However, the North Central region's population remained constant.

This indicates the adjusted increase or decrease since FY 1966 in population housed in the same institutions in each region and the percent of the increase or decrease. Therefore, the Northeast Region had 627 or 16.6

percent more inmates in FY 1975 in the same institutions in existence in

FY 1966. The South Central Region had the second largest increase, 360 or 12.9 percent more inmates in the same institutions.

Another factor, according to Bureau officials, contributing to the need for these new facilities is the number of inmates from other regions presently housed in certain institutions because overcrowding exists in the regions nearer their homes. For example, an analysis of the population of the U. S. Penitentiary at Atlanta, Georgia, located in the Southeast Region, shows that approximately 30 percent of the inmate population have legal residences within the Northeast Region. An analysis of the population of the U. S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas located in the North Central Region, shows that about 29 percent of the inmate population have legal residences within the South Central Region.

According to Bureau officials, only 1 long-term adult facility, the

U. S. Penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, is located in the Northeast Region and since it is filled, they must designate the overflow to the nearest long-term adult facility in Atlanta. The lack of a long-term adult facility in

the South Central Region, requires that long-term adult inmates be designated to Leavenworth, the nearest long-term adult facility.

Bureau officials stated that even though each type of institution may become available within a region, this does not preclude assignment of an inmates to a similar type institution located in another region nearer to the home of the inmate.

The Investigative Staff verified the accuracy, controls associated with and the manner in which population counts are taken and reported to the Central Office. Two periods were selected, these were the weeks ending December 29, 1974, and June 8, 1975. Tests were made at the institutions visited, namely, Atlanta, Leavenworth, Marion--all long-term adult institutions--and Lompoc--a young adult institution.

Procedures explaining the purpose and methods by which inmates are counted and controlled are contained in the Bureau's Custodial Manual. Under Bureau procedures, counts are conducted on the average of 5 to 6 times during each 24 hour period. The movement of all inmates ceases during the count period. Counts in dormitory or open type units are conducted by 2 officers. The results of the counts are reported to the institution's control center which maintains a master control register and count of all inmates. This record provides a system for checks and balances and assures correctness. All tested institution counts and supporting documentation showed that their counts were correct for the 2 periods.

The only difference observed involved the difference reported to the Central Office data system. The data system population reports reflect

the total physical count conducted at midnight. It does not include inmates