viceroy in oppressing his subjects, but making it appear that the source of this distress was the foreigners. An ineffectual attempt was made by a band of 50,000 boxer rebels to take the city of Cheng-tu-Foo, the capital of the province. Upon the protest of the ministers the viceroy was summarily removed from office. In Japan the chief event was the general election in August. The returns showed that the Sei-Ya-Kai, or Liberal Party, carried 192 of the seats in Parliament, and the Progressists 104. Satisfaction was expressed with the working of the new minority system of representation. The new budget completed in October makes liberal appropriations for railroad and telephone extension. The estimated receipts for the current year are 258,000,000 yen, the expenditures 262,000,000. - An incident of Oriental relations worthy of note is the agreement between Japan on the one hand and the governments of Great Britain, France and Germany to submit to The Hague arbitration court the exact interpretation of the treaties dealing with the holding of perpetual leases of property by foreigners in Japan. AFRICA. The chief event in South African affairs was the termination of the war between the Boers and the English. The terms of peace were announced in the House of Commons on June 2 by Mr. Balfour. They were, first, the burghers to lay down their arms and recognize the sovereignty of Edward VII; second, all Boer prisoners to be brought back as soon as possible to South Africa, Great Britain undertaking that they shall not suffer loss of personal liberty or property, and that no proceedings, civil or criminal, are to be taken against any such prisoners, except where they have been guilty of a breach of the laws of war; third, the Dutch language to be taught in the schools where the parents desire it, and used in the courts of law when necessary for the better administration of justice; fourth, military administration of the colonies to cease as soon as possible, and civil government with representative institutions leading up to self-government to be introduced as soon as circumstances permit. Great Britain furthermore agreed to abstain from levying a special tax on the land for the purpose of defraying the cost of the war, and to assist the burghers in restocking their farms with seed, draft animals, implements, etc., for which purpose an allowance of £3,000,000 is to be granted, while the government will make loans free of interest for two years and afterwards at three per cent. The treatment of British subjects in the Cape and Natal Colonies who joined the Boers in the war was left to the determination of the governments of the colonies to which they belong. The Cape government announced at the same time that the punishment of the rank and file would be limited to disfranchisement for life, provided they made public acknowledgment of their guilt of high treason. An exception to this leniency was made in cases of murder and conduct contrary to the usage of civilized warfare. Those above the rank of private who are charged with high treason are to be tried before the civil courts, and in no case shall the death penalty be inflicted. On November 6 the House of Commons voted a grant of £8,000,000 for the relief of the Boer Colonies. Of this £3,000,000 is granted to the burghers pursuant to the terms of the treaty which closed the war, £2,000,000 to British sufferers on account of the war and the remainder is to constitute a loan fund. A statement issued by the war office places the number of men who were killed or died of disease in the English service in South Africa at 28,434. The appointment in August of a royal commission to inquire into and report upon the conduct of the war in South Africa was an incident of popular interest. LATIN AMERICA. — Latin American politics have been characterized by the usual number of revolutionary disturbances. A revolution in Hayti against the government of President Sam broke out in May and continued until the middle of October. Sam was compelled to resign and leave the country, General Firmin, Haytian Minister to France, becoming provisional president with headquarters at Gonaives. — An incident of the military operations was the sinking of the Firminist gunboat Crête à Pierot by a German cruiser for confiscating the arms and ammunition of a German steamer. - The revolution in Colombia (see last RECORD, p. 367) has continued without prospect of early termination; occasional fights have occurred between the insurgents and government forces resulting, in several instances, in heavy losses. Early in September two United States warships were ordered to Colombia to protect American interests. Marines were landed on the isthmus to insure transit on the Panama railroad and, by a subsequent order of Admiral Casey, troops and ammunition belonging to the government of Colombia were denied transportation across the isthmus by rail except by special permission from the admiral. This step was taken as a result of the belief that the transportation of government troops by way of the railroad might provoke the revolutionists to acts of hostility and thus interfere with the right of transit guaranteed to the United States by the treaty of 1846. The order called forth a strong protest from the government of Colombia, which denied that the situation warranted such action. The insurrection against President Castro of Venezuela (see last RECORD, p. 368) has continued without definite results to either side. Incidents in connection with the military operations were the bombardment of La Guayra by the revolutionists in June, the capture of Barcelona and the rout of Castro's forces in August, and the dispatch of two American cruisers to La Guayra to protect American interests. The misuse of the United States flag by a Venezuelan gunboat within the three-mile limit off Cuidad, was followed by the demand of the American minister for an apology, which was readily given. The blockade of the Venezuelan ports by the government called forth a protest from Great Britain, France and Germany on the ground that the blockade was ineffective. A noteworthy event in the international relations of South America was the final conclusion of a treaty between the governments of Chile and Argentina for the limitation of the armaments of each country, retaining the naval equipments now in existence, but providing for the rescinding of the contracts for vessels now in course of construction. An arbitration treaty was also concluded between the two governments, embodying the principle of Argentine neutrality in the affairs of the Pacific coast and non-interference by Chile in Argentine territorial matters. An incident of interest in Brazil was the inauguration of the new president, Dr. Rodrigues Alves, November 15. J. W. GARNER. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY J. W. BURGESS: - Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law (2 vols.), Boston and London, GINN & COMPANY, 1890-1891. The Middle Period, 1817-1858; The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865 (2 vols.); Reconstruction and the Constitution, 1866-1877; — American History Series, New York, Charles SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1897, 1901, 1902. RICHMOND MAYO-SMITH:- Emigration and Immigration, New York, Charles SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1890. Statistics and Sociology; Statistics and Economics;· Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1895, 1899. MUNROE SMITH:- Bismarck, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1899. FRANK J. GOODNOW: - Comparative Administrative Law (2 vols.), New York, G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 1893; one-volume edition, 1902. Municipal Home Rule, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1895. Municipal Problems, Columbia University Press (MACMILLAN), 1897. Politics and Administration, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1900. EDWIN R. A. SELIGMAN:- Railway Tariffs and the Interstate Commerce Act, WILLIAM A. DUNNING:-Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, New York, FRANKLIN H. GIDDINGS:- The Modern Distributive Process (in collaboration with JOHN B. CLARK:- The Philosophy of Wealth, Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1886; Second Edition, 1887. The Modern Distributive Process (in collaboration with F. H. Giddings), Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1888. The Distribution of Wealth, New York, THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 1899. The Control of Trusts, New York, THE MacMILLAN COMPANY, 1901. JAMES HARVEY ROBINSON:- Petrarch, the First Modern Scholar and Man of Letters (in collaboration with H. W. Rolfe), New York, G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 1898. The History of Western Europe, Boston, GINN & COMPANY, 1902. WILLIAM M. SLOANE:-The French War and the Revolution, American History Series, New York, CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1893. The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte (3 vols.), New York, THE CENTURY COMPANY, 1896. The French Revolution and Religious Reform, New York, CHARLES Scribner's Sons, 1901. QUARTERLY EDITED BY THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Reviews: Goldwin Smith's Commonwealth or Empire and Holland's Imperium et Libertas Adams's Lee at Appomattox, and Other Papers - Cobb's Rise of Religious Liberty in America - Greenidge's Legal Procedure of Cicero's Time - Brown's Lower South in American History - Zueblin's American Municipal Progress - Kelly's Government or Human Evolution - Ross's Social Control-McLean's Reports upon Railway Commissions-De Rousiers's Les syndicats industriels - Festgaben für Albert Schaeffle-Martin-SaintLéon's Le Compagnonnage - Inama-Sternegg's Deutsche Wirtschaftsgeschichte-Pollock and Maitland's History of English Law before the Time of Edward I. Record of Political Events . Entered at the Post-Office, Boston, Mass., as Second-Class Mail Matter + |