Pyrenees, treaty of the, iii. 642

UADRUPLE Alliance of 1717, formed, iv.

Q151. Signed by the Emperor, 155. Signed

by Spain, 182. Again formed, v. 489, 500
Quarantaine le Roi, the ordinance of St. Louis
so called, i. 225, 249

Quasdanowitsch, General, defeated by Buona-
parte, v. 22

Quatre-Bras, battle of, v. 252
Quebec, capture of, iv. 274

Quenisset, attempts to assassinate the Orleans
Princes, v. 550

Quentin, St., charter of the Countess of Ver-
mandois granted to, i. 122. Meeting of the
French and English armies at, without fight-
ing, 404. Recovered by France, ii. 264.
Seized by the Royalists, 298. March of
Edward IV. to, 313. His reception there,
313. The town given by Louis XI. to the
Duke of Burgundy, 316. Surrenders to
Louis XI., 329. Besieged by Philibert Em-
manuel and the Imperialists, 624. Defeat
of the French at, 625, 626. The town taken
by assault, 626. Recovered by treaty, 635
Quercy, insurrection of the, against the mode
of raising taxes, iii. 459
Querouailles, Mademoiselle de (afterwards
Duchess of Portsmouth), accompanies the
Duchess of Orleans to England, iii. 674
Question, Eastern, its history, v. 489, et seq
Quetineau, defeated by La Rochejacquelein, iv.

599

Quiberon, landing of emigré force at, iv. 674
Quietists, rise of the sect of, iv. 68
Quievrain, dispersion of a Huguenot force at,
iii. 130

Quimperlé, taken by Louis of Spain, i. 415.
Who is completely defeated by Sir W. Manny
at, 415. Surrenders to De Clisson, who
murders all the prisoners he takes there,
534. Olivier de Clisson besieged by the Earl
of Cambridge in, 536. Capture of, saved by
the truce of Bruges, 536

Quinet, release of, by the insurgents, iv. 680
Quintin, procureur of the Paris University, his
oration at the meeting of the Estates, iii. 35
Quistello, engagement at, iv. 204

RAAB, battle of, 7. 165

Radbod, the Frison, his struggle with
Pepin of Heristal, i. 13. His conversation
with St. Willibrod, 17

Radstadt, peace of, iv. 119

Raffé, Colonel, killed in the Fieschi plot, v.

495

Railway, the first, in France, v. 523

554

Rambouillet purchased by Louis XVI., iv. 36′′
Granted to the Duc de Nemours, v. 509, 520,
524

Ramel, sent to the Temple, v. 36. Murdered
at Toulouse, 265
Ramillies, battle of, iv. 95

Ramus, Peter, abetted and supported by Henry
II., iii. 6. Murdered, 145
Randon, Chateauneuf de, besieged by Du Gues-
clin, i. 550

Ranville, Guernon de, succeeds La Bourdon-
naye, v. 382

Raoul, or Rodolph, Duke of Burgundy, marries
Emma, sister of Duke Hugh, i. 54. Elected
King of France, 54. Reasons for preferring
him to Hugh, 55. His quarrel with Heribert
of Vermandois, 55. His death, 56
Raoul, Duke of Lorraine, killed at Crecy, i.425
Rapinat, sent to Switzerland as police ministe
v. 45

Rapp, General, his bravery at Austerlitz, v. 124 §
Raspail, M., leader of Socialist insurrection, v.
621. Imprisoned in Vincennes, 622
Rastadt, peace negotiations at, v. 57. Murder
of French deputies at, 58
Ratisbon, diet of, iii. 493, 494. Terms de
manded by the diet, 495. Treaty concluded
at, 495. Truce of, iv. 26
Raucourt, Mademoiselle de, refused rights of
sepulture, v. 240

Raucoux, battle of, iv. 234
Ravaillac, his design, iii. 378.

Assassinate

Henry IV., 379, 380
Ravenna, the exarchate of, given by Pepin t
Bref to the Pope, i. 21. Entrusted by t
Pope to the Lombards, 21. The donation!
the exarchate confirmed to the Pope b
Charlemagne, 25. But the judicial author?
and the fiscal rights of a temporal sovereig
retained by him, 26. Seized by the Ves
tians, 499

Ravenna, battle of, ii. 435
Ravenstein, his attack of the Turks in Metel

ii. 413.

Ravez, assures the King of a Royalist majority,
v. 380, 384

Raymond of St. Gilles, Count of Provence £%
Toulouse, joins the First Crusade, i. 14
Efficiency of his army of Provençals, 1
His conduct at the siege of Antioch, le
His invention of the legend of the is
point which pierced the Saviour's side, l
At the capture of Jerusalem, 111
Raymond VI., Count of Toulouse, refuses
undertake to exterminate the Albigensia
i. 175. Against whom a papal crusade
proclaimed, 176 Raymond refused aid?
his relative Philip Augustus, 176. His e
deavours to make peace with Rome, I

RAY

Excommunicated, 180. At war with the
papal party, 181. Repulses De Montfort
before Toulouse, 181. Supported by Peter
II., of Aragon, 183. All of them defeated
at the battle of Muret, 183. Deprived of his
possessions by a council, 183. A portion of
them given to his son, 184. With his son
raises the standard of war, 185. Drives out
De Montfort, and regains his capital of Tou-
louse, 185. Blockaded by De Montfort, 185.
Who is killed, and the siege raised, 186. Be-
sieged by Prince Louis (afterwards Louis
VIII.), 186. Raymond's death, 186. His
body refused burial by Pope Innocent IV.,

233

Raymond VII., Count of Toulouse, obtains
a part of his deposed father's posses-
sions, i. 184. Raises the standard of war
with his father, 185. Who gains Toulouse,
186. Death of his father, 186. Besieged in
Toulouse by Prince Louis (afterwards Louis
VIII.), who fails to make any impression on
its walls, 186. Compels Amaury de Mont-
fort to abandon his claims, i. 197. Offers to
submit to all just claims of Rome, 197. Ex-
communicated by Honorius III., 199. Cam-
paign of military prelates against him, 210,
211. His submission, 211. Appears in
arms against Raymond Berenger of Pro-
vence, 220. Determines to shake off his
yoke, 224. Project of Raymond of Provence
to marry his daughter to the Count of Tou-
louse, 229. Fails to carry out the arrange-
ment, 230. Promises St. Louis to accompany
him to the Holy Land, 232. Fails to ob-
tain burial for his father from Innocent IV.,
233. Does not fulfil his vow to go to the
Holy Land, 243. Witnesses the burning of
his subjects for heresy, 243. His death, 243
Raymond Berenger, Count of Provence, gives
his daughter Margaret in marriage to Louis
IX., i. 216. Eleanor to Henry III. of Eng-
land, 216. And Sancie to his brother Richard
of Cornwall, 220. His project of marrying
his daughter Beatrice to Raymond of Tou-
louse, 229. His death, leaving Beatrice
heiress of Provence, 230

Raymond Roger, Viscount of Beziers, advises
the Count of Toulouse to defence against
the papal crusaders, i. 177. His cities of
Beziers and Carcassonne taken and the peo-
ple murdered, 178. Overcome by treachery,
179. His imprisonment and death, 180
Layneval, M. dê, minister of foreign affairs, v.

REM

Reason, Goddess of, her worship substituted
for the national religion, iv. 635
Récamier, Madame, vies with Madame Stael in
her parties, iv. 667

Recurs, M., home minister, v. 618
Reding, colonel of the Swiss Guards, killed by
the mob, iv. 526

Red Republicans, display the Red Flag and
Bonnet rouge on the Place de Bastille, v. 469.
Their insurrection in July, 470, et seq. For
a continued history of their proceedings, see
Assembly; Convention; Directory; Napo-
leon I. and III.; Louis XVIII.; Charles X.;
Louis Philippe; Government, Provisional.
Reform, proposition for electoral, v. 518. Call
for, as a remedy for national distress, 579
Réforme party stir up the insurrection, v. 589
Reformation, commencement of the, ii. 511.
Reuchlin and Erasmus, 512. Luther, 513.
Condition of France in reference to the move-
ment, 514. Formation of a tribunal in Paris
for the trial and despatch of Lutherans, 516.
Several put to death, 516, 518. Indignation
of Francis I. in consequence, 518. Failure
or success of the Reformation not due to
princes, 570. Its progress in France in the
middle of the sixteenth century, 636. Oppo-
sition of Henry II., 639. Difference of the
Protestant movement in France and Eng-
land, as well as in the north and south of
France, iii. 3

Regency of Louis, Duke of Anjou, ii. 5. Com-
petitors for the regency after the death of
Louis XIV., iv. 137

Regent, San, conspires against First Consul, v.

99

Reggio taken by Pope Julius II., ii. 437. Re-
stored to the Duke of Ferrara, 456. At-
tacked by Lescun, 472

Regnault, General, killed in the Workmen's
insurrection, v. 629

Regnier, or Ragenerius, Count of Hainault,
his opposition to the King, i. 62

Regnier, Count of Mons, dispossessed and exiled
by Archbishop Bruno, i. 63. His son re-
stored to Mons, 63

Regnier, defeat of, at Maida, v. 135
Religion, present and former views of, ii. 67,
note. Decline of pure religious fanaticism
in the reign of Henry III., iii. 190. Reli-
gious controversy at the commencement of the
seventeenth century, 394. Condition of re-
ligion at the close of the seventeenth century,
iv. 66-69. And in the time of Louis XIV.,
209. Measures of the Convention against
Religion and Religious Worship, 634
Religious controversies, character of, i. 99
Remi, St., Archbishop of Rheims, congratulates
Clovis on his victory over the Romans, i. 4.
Claims the vase of Soissons, 4. Converts
and baptizes Clovis, 4, 5

REM

Remi, Pierre, tortured and hanged by Philip
VI., i. 390

Rémusat, M., home minister, v. 525
Renaissance, school and era of the, ii. 509
Renaud, Count of Boulogne, destroys Philip
Augustus's fleet at Dam, i. 188. Defeated
and made prisoner at Bovines, 190. Impri-
soned in the dungeons of the Louvre, 191
Renaudie, De la, iii. 18. Summons the Pro-
testants to Nantes, 18. Plans the conspiracy
of Amboise, 19. Slain, 20, 21
René I., d'Anjou (King of Sicily and Jerusalem),
Lorraine and Bar bequeathed to, ii. 185.
Defeated at Brenneville by the rival claimant,
the Count of Vaudremont, 186. His daughter
Margaret married to Henry VI. of England,
215. Anjou and Maine ceded to him in con-
sequence, 215. Sum paid to him by Metz,
221. Urges the King of France to turn his
arms against the Duke of Burgundy, 222.
His death, and his territories confiscated, 342
René II., Duke of Lorraine, arrested by Duke
Charles of Burgundy, ii. 305. Terms of his
freedom, 306. Turns against the Duke of
Burgundy during the siege of Neutz, 316.
Burgundy's vengeance, 316, 317. Joins the
Swiss at Morat, where the Duke of Burgundy
is defeated, 322. Enters his duchy of Lor-
raine, and occupies Nancy, 323. Leaves it
for Switzerland, whence he returns with an
army of Swiss, 323, 324. And defeats Duke
Charles, who is killed, 324. His territory of
Provence taken from him by Louis XI., 342.
Raised up by Anne of Beaujeu as a rival to
the Duke of Orleans, 363. Obtains the duchy
of Bar, and admitted to the royal council,
363. Joins the league for restoring the au-
thority of the Estates, 366

René, Count of Nassau, sent by Charles V. to
Francis I., ii. 532. His proposals, 533
Renée, daughter of Louis XII., betrothed to
Charles (afterwards Emperor Charles V.), ii.
451. Proposal to marry her to the son of
the Marquis of Brandenburg, 464. Married
to the Duke of Ferrara, 517. Invites Calvin
to Ferrara, 535, note

Rennes, taken by John of Montfort, i. 412.
Besieged by Charles of Blois, and capitulates,
413. Opens its gates to the French, 532.
Endeavours of Charles V. to induce it to
submit to him, 547

Rente, or loans, forced issue of, iii. 567
Réole, taken by the English, i. 420
Republic, the First, its history, iv. 466, et seq.
Republic, the Second, its history, v. 601, et seq.
Republican Parties (Red and Moderate) oppose
Louis Philippe and his government, v. 579,
580. Disagreements between the leaders, 580.
Yet all agree in denouncing the King, 580.
Their banquets prohibited, 583. Expected
émeute of, and De Morny's endeavours to pre-

REV

serve peace, 584. None of the leaders counsel
an émeute, 585. Commencement of the Revo-
lution of February, 1848, 586. Progress of
the insurrection, 587, et seq. Reject the re-
gency, and create a provisional government,
595, 596. Form a second republic, 597, et
seq. Views and aims of the Socialists and
Terrorists, 608, et seq. Opposed by Lamar-
tine, 610. Seek to expel the Moderates, 613.
Fail in their efforts to coerce the Government,
615. The New Assembly, its constitution.
government, &c., 317, et seq. Propose to re-
volutionise other nations, 619. Contest of
parties, 620. New Assembly dissolved, but
re-established by the Garde Mobile, 620-622.
Insurrection of the Ateliers, 625-630. In-
crease of the Socialists, and their influence,
631. Another insurrection of, put down by
Louis Napoleon, 662, et seq. Breaking
of these parties, see Red Republicans; Mou-
tain; Convention; Directory; Gironde; Na-
poleon III.

Republicans, Red, see Republican parties
Republicanism, Moderate, extinguished by Louis
Napoleon, v. 638

Resnel, Marquis of, murdered, iii. 142
Retz, De, follower of Catherine de Medicis, ad-
vises the King as to the Huguenots, iii. 138
Retz, Cardinal de, becomes confessor to Lous
XIII., iii. 433. His character and abilities,
587. Compared with Richelieu and Mazarin,
587. Threatened by the Queen, 588. His
popularity, 588. The chief mover in th
revolt in Paris in 1649, 592. His opinions re
specting constitutional government, 593, 59
His rivalry of Mazarin, 603. His influe
over the Duke of Orleans, whom he drive
into opposition against Mazarin, 603, 64
Offered by the Queen-regent the place
prime minister, 609. Proposes to slay Cende
609. Scene between him and the Prince in
the Palace of Justice, 610. Attempt of I
Rochefoucauld to murder him, 611. Obtain
a cardinal's hat, 618. Escapes from assassi
ation numbers of times, 618. Dreaded as a
rival by Mazarin, 632. Arrested, 632, 534
His memoirs, 633. Resigns the archbishop
of Paris, and escapes to Rome, 633. Es
subsequent life, 633

Reuchlin, his learning and works, ii. 512. Ex-
pelled from Cologne, 512. His Oct

Speculi' condemned by the University, 5:3
Reunion, Edict of, iii. 205
Reutlingen, treatment of, by Ulrich of Wa
tumberg, ii. 465

Reveillère, La, one of the five directors, v.
His character, 5, 6. Opposes Buonaparte
his Roman policy, 34. Establishes sect
Theo-Philanthropists, 35. Is estranged in
Carnot, 35

Reveillon, plunder of his factory, iv. 412

RIC

gustus in Chateauroux, 155. Assumes the
Cross, 156. Makes an onslaught upon
Toulouse, 156. Makes war on his father,
156. Causes of the war, 156. Takes Le
Mans, 157. Besieges his father in Tours,
157. Terms imposed upon his father, 157.
Richard's departure for the Holy Land, 158.
Takes Messina by storm, 158, 159. Mar-
ries Berengaria of Navarre, 159. His ar-
rangement with Philip Augustus, 159. Cap-
tures Acre from Saladin, 159. Whom he de-
feats at Jaffa, 160. Imprisoned by the Duke
of Austria and the Emperor of Germany,
160. Ransomed by Queen Eleanor, 160.
Takes vengeance on Philip and his brother
John, 160. Events of the war between the
two monarchs, 161. Captures the military
Bishop of Beauvais, 161. Creates Otho of
Saxony Duke of Aquitaine and Poitou, 162.
Embraces Otho's pretensions to the Empire,
162. Richard's death, 162

Richard III., King of England, got rid of as
an enemy of France, ii. 363. Defeated by
the Earl of Richmond, 364

Richard, Duke of Normandy, the guardianship
of, claimed by King Louis d'Outremer, i. 58.
Carried off by Osmond, 58. Given up to the
Normans, 59. Marries a sister of Hugh
Capet, 61

Richard II., Duke of Normandy, his power
and action, i. 87

Richard III., Duke of Normandy, his ascend-
ancy in France, i. 87

Richard, Duke of Cornwall, goes to the Holy
Land, i. 219. Ransoms Amaury de Mont-
fort, 219. Marries Sancie of Provence, 220.
Accompanies Henry III. to France, 223.
Obtains a truce from Louis IX., 223. De-
mands the restoration of Normandy from
St. Louis, 232. Elected Emperor of Ger-
many, 246. Accompanies his nephew, Prince
Edward, to France, 257. His son Henry
killed at Viterbo, 278

Richelieu, Plessis de, grandfather of the Car-
dinal, iii. 27. Commands the royal guard
of Francis II., 27. His character, 28
Richelieu, Armand Duplessis de, Bishop of
Luçon (afterwards Cardinal), his speech in
the Estates on behalf of the clergy, iii. 405.
Account of him, 405, 406. His address, 406.
Becomes secrétaire des commandemens and
almoner to Queen Anne of Austria, 409. Sent
on a mission to the Prince of Condé, 410.
Appointed secretary of state, 413. Accom-
panies the Queen to Blois, 416. Establishes
the Conseil d'en haut, 419. Exiled to Avig-
non, 421. Returns to the Queen at Angou-
lême, 423. Brings about an accord between
her and the court, 423. Advises a discon-
tinuance of the war with the Huguenots,
433. Introduced to the council by La Vieu-

RIC

ville, 442. Commencement of his power, 443.
Its nature at first, 443, 444. His despotic
and secular tendencies, 445. His friend, I
Tremblay (afterwards Père Joseph), 446.
Supports a matrimonial alliance between
France and England, 447. Arranges a treaty
between France and England for aiding
the Dutch, 447. His active measures, 448.
Causes the imprisonment of La Vieuville,
448. And becomes sole minister, 448. Hi
fiscal system, 448, 449. His foreign policy,
449. Sends an army to the Valteline, 450,
451. Conclusion of the treaty with Eng-
land, 451. Richelieu's tortuous policy, 452.
Backs out of his engagement with Mansfelt,
452. Consequences of his breach of pro-
mise, 453. Lays the blame of the failure
of the Italian expedition to the Huguenots
454. Sends private promises to the Huge
nots, 462. The Valteline given up in spe
of him, 463. Conspiracy to assassinate him.
465. Adopts the King's public policy, 467
His scheme of naval supremacy, 468. His
mode of dealing with finance, 470. His pr
辈
hibition of duelling, 471. His dyke at La
Rochelle, 476. Sends an envoy to Gustave
Adolphus, 476. His determination to tak
La Rochelle, 477, 478. Which surrenders
to him, 479. Marches with the King in
Italy, 480, 481. Turn their arms agains
the Huguenots, 481. Arranges a treaty
peace with the Huguenots, 483. The only
system of government he could imagin
485. The Queen-mother's open hostility!
him, 487. His aims, 487. And intenta
of humbling the house of Austria, 487, 45%
Cardinal Berulle pitted against him, 45
Subsidises Gustavus Adolphus, 489.
clared prime minister and lieutenant-g
ral, 490. Marches into Italy, 490. T
laid for him, 491. Takes Pignerol, 4:
His stormy interview with Mazarin, 41
Who brings about peace, 492. Endeavou
of the Queen-mother to ruin Richelieu in th
King's estimation, 497. Scene in the Queen
apartments, 499. Richelieu dismissed by the
King, 499. Who restores him to power
same day, 500. Induces the King to get "-
of the Queen-mother and his brother. th
Duke of Orleans, 501. Richelieu's decis
ration respecting the affair, 502. Cruce
both the noblesse and the Estates of
provinces, 502, 503. His subsidies to G
tavus Adolphus and the Duke of Bavar.
505, note. Advances eastward towards
Rhine, 505. And invades Lorraine, &
His views as to carrying the boundary
France to the Rhine, 506. Revolt of
provinces of the south, 506. Richelieu p
cures the condemnation and execution
Maréchal Marillac, 507. His reasons

I