Giselbert, Duke of Lorraine, defeated by the Emperor Otho, and drowned in the Rhine, i 57. His widow married to Louis, 59 Gisors, fortress of, rebuilt by Henry I. of Eng- land, i. 118. Given by treaty to his son William, 118. Meeting of Pope Calixtus II. and Henry I. of England at, 125. Fortress of, obtained by Henry II. of England, 143 Gisors, Count de, killed at Crevelt, iv. 278 Gisquet, M., dismissed, v. 504. Discovers new society of conspirators, 'Des Saisons,' 516 Gladsdale, Sir William, at the siege of Orleans, ii. 156. Defeated and killed by Jeanne d'Arc, 166
Glatz taken by Frederick the Great, iv. 218. Ceded to him, 221
Glendower, Owen, obtains aid from Charles VI. of France, ii. 49. Defeated at Shrewsbury, 49 Gloucester, Duke of, younger brother of Henry V. of England, ii. 151. His marriage with Jacqueline of Holland, 151. And rash claims to the Low Countries, 151. Invades Hainault, and challenges the Duke of Burgundy to single combat, 151. Deserts Jacqueline, and re-marries, 152. Endeavours to reconcile him to his uncle, the Cardinal of Winchester, 155
Gobel, Archbishop of Paris, gives up his cross and ring, iv. 634. Imprisoned, 640. Exe- cuted, 640, 646
Godemar du Fay, defeated by Edward III. of England, i. 425
Godfrey, the Norman chief, his march from the Scheldt to the Seine, and from the Seine to the Loire, i. 46
Godfrey, Duke of Lower Lorraine, i. 63. His death in battle, 63
Godfrey of Bouillon, joins the First Crusade, i.
104. Efficacy of his army of Lorrainers, 106. Passes the winter at Buyukdere, 107. Passes over into Asia, 107. At the siege of Nicea, 107. At the siege and capture of Jerusalem, 111
Godfrey, Duke of Brabant, killed at Courtray, i. 327
Godoy the Guardsman, paramour of Queen of Spain, v. 152. His plans, 152. See Ferdi- nand VII.; Napoleon I.
Gogo, the Austrasian noble, appointed major domûs, i. 10
Goislart, the judge, arrested, iv. 398 Golden Fleece, order of the, instituted by Philip III. of Burgundy, ii. 175
Gondrin, La Mothe, Catholic governor of Va- lence, hanged by the Huguenots, iii. 57 Gontram, son of King Clothaire, reigns in Bur- gundy, i. 8. His triumphs over the Lom- bards,
Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, defeated at For- rova, ii. 389. Murders the Duke of Parma,
Gonzaga, Princess Marie de, Cinq Mars aspires to her hand, iii. 535. Gives him notice of danger, 538
Gonsalvo de Cordova, Aragonese general, de- feated at Seminara, ii. 390, 391 Goree, a French settlement, iv. 288 Gorsas, deputy, expelled from the Convention, and his presses burnt, iv. 568
Gothard, St., on the Danube, battle of, iii. 650 Göthe, present at the battle of Valmy, iv. 534. Remark of a Prussian officer to, 534
Goths, their mode of treating the Gauls on the Garonne, i. 3. Defeated by Clovis at Vouglé, 5
Goualt, Chevalier, arrested and shot, v. 222 Goudchaux, M., finance minister in the Second
Republic, v. 605. Resigns, 611. Declares his inability to meet demands of state work- men, 625. Measures proposed by, 633 Gough, Sir Matthew, sent with reinforcements to the English in Normandy, ii. 226. Escapes from the field of Formigny, 228
Goujon, one of the Mountain, arrested and commits suicide, iv. 679, 681
Government, Provisional, of Paris, formation of a, v. 596. Its members, 596. Reject ad- hesion of Louis Napoleon, 605. Take pos- session of the Hotel de Ville, 605. Opposition to the, 606, et seq. Form the Garde mobile, 607. Do not sanction Socialist demands, but consent to a compromise, 608. Originate a system of state employ for labourers, 608. Oppose the Red Republicans, 610. Adopt the tricolour flag, 610. Dissolve the cham- bers, 611. Their financial difficulties, 611. Measures of Garnier Pagés, 611. Counteract measures of Ledru Rollin, 614. Procession of the Clubs, 614. Defeat the Socialist plot, 615, 616. Abolish the octroi and salt duties, 616. Abolished by the New Assembly, and a Republic and New Government proclaimed, 617. See Assembly, New; Napoleon III. Gozlyn, Archbishop, his defence of Paris against the Normans, i. 50
Grace, ecclesiastical squabbles respecting, iv.
of Burgundy, ii. 319. Who is defeated there | Gressel, Captain, discloses Babôeuf's conspiracy, by the Swiss, 319, 320
Granvelle, Cardinal, at the meeting at Cam- bray, ii. 631
Granvelle, Bishop of Arras, gives information of a Protestant plot, ii. 645
Grasse, Admiral Count de, defeated by Rodney, iv. 367
Grave, captured by the Prince of Orange, iii. 690
Gravelines, captured by the Count D'Enghien, ii. 19. Who is put to death at Ghent, 19. Taken by the Crusaders under the Bishop of Norwich, 32. Battle of, 632. Reduced by the Duke of Orleans, iii. 570. Surrenders, 628
Greece, liberation of, pressed by the ministry, v. 372. Established, 372. See Louis Phi- lippe; Guizot; Palmerston, Lord
Greek Fire, used by the Saracens in Egypt, i. 234, 236
Greeks, ancient, their horror of caste, i. 34. Sympathy felt for the modern, by Canning,
Gregory III., Pope, introduces an oath of alle- giance to himself, i. 18. Offers the imperial supremacy to Charles Martel, 18, 19 Gregory VII., Pope, his endeavours to dispossess the feudal noblesse, and its imperial and royal chiefs, of their possessions, i. 93, 95. Notice of his early life, 95. His scheme of opposing spiritual to imperial Cæsardom, 95. His mode of electing the pope by car- dinals, 96. His plan for making the inves- titure of all European prelates dependent on the Holy See, 96. His denunciation of Philip I.'s mode of levying taxes, 97. Puts France under an interdict, 98. His quarrel with the Emperor of Germany, 101. His schemes of policy as to the Crusades, 102 Gregory IX., Pope, endeavours to crush Fre- derick II., Emperor of Germany, i. 217, 218 Gregory X., Pope, his election, i. 284.
desire to free Palestine, 284. His acts of hostility to the power of Charles of Anjou, 284. His death, 284
Gregory XII., Pope, deposed by the Council of Pisa, but refuses to resign, ii. 76 Gregory XIII., Pope, his approval of the St. Bartholomew massacre, iii. 147. His death,
Gregoire, bishop of Blois, his noble conduct before the Convention, iv. 634. Nominated deputy for Grenoble, v. 297, 298 Grenada, defeat of the Moors of, ii. 376 Grenade, conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants at, iii. 47
Grenoble, compelled to submit to Henry IV., iii. 275. Conspiracy at, v. 281. Insurrection at, 457. Defeat the prefect and troops, 457. Greppo, M., arrested, v. 661
Grey, Lord, his defence of Guines, ii. 630 Grignan, Count of, governor of Provence, pro- ceedings instituted against him, ii. 594. Ae- quitted, 594
Grimaldi, Rainier de, commands a Genoese fleet for Philip of Flanders, i. 333. And de- feats the Flemings, 333 Grimoald, the Austrasian noble, seizes the office of major domûs, i. 12
Grisons, league formed to liberate the, from the house of Austria, iii. 440. Invasion of the, v. 55
Grocers of Paris, emeute against the, iv. 565 Grouchy, Marshal, fails in his attack on Blucher, v. 252
Guadeloupe taken by the English, iv. 275. Re- stored to the French, 288
Guadet, becomes member of the Legislative Assembly, iv. 467. Has an interview with the King, proposing the alliance of the Gironde, 504. Applauding the conduct of the communes, prays that Pétion may be set at liberty, 518. Proposes the removal of the Convention to Versailles, 577. Urges the Convention to measures for its own safety, 578. Retreats to Caen, 593. His trial and death, 619, 626
Guards, National. See National Guards. Guards, the Young, headed by Napoleon at La Rothière, v. 219
Guasto, Marquis del, taken prisoner by the French at Naples, ii. 503. Causes the
French envoys to be murdered, 552. mands the Imperialists in Piedmont, 559. Defeated at Cerisolles, 560
Guebriant, Marshal, death of, iii. 569 Gueldres, proposal to give it to the Duke of Orleans, ii. 547. Seized by the Duke of Cleves, ii. 553. Ceded to Prussia, iv. 116. Evacuated by the French, and occupied by the Prussians, 288
Gueldres, Duke of, his rivalry and disputes with Brabant, ii. 38. Sends a challenge to Charles VI. of France, 38. Who marches an army over the Meuse, and compels the duke to submit, 39
Guerilla bands formed in Spain, to harass the French under Philip the Hardy, i. 295 Guerrande, surprised by Louis of Spain, i.
'Guerres, Rosier des,' the, of Louis XI., ii. 345
Guesclin, Bertrand du, his rules and mode of
warfare, i. 504. Helps to recover Mantes for the King of France, 505. Commands the partisans of France at Cocherel, 505. Gains a victory there over the Navarrese, 506. Created count of Longueville, 506. Taken prisoner at the battle of Auray, 507-
Ransomed by Charles V., the Pope, and Henry of Trastamare, 510. Leads the Mili. tary companies against Peter the Cruel of Castille, 510. Marches to Avignon, and ex- torts a large sum from the Pope, 510. Places Henry of Trastamare on the throne of Cas- tille, 511. Leads the companies at the battle of Navarrete, 513. Again taken prisoner by Chandos, 514. His memory hymned and immortalised by the French, 516. Enables Henry of Trastamare to recover the Castillian throne, 520. Witnesses the murder of Peter the Cruel by Henry, 520. Becomes com- mander of the French forces, and constable of the kingdom, 527. Defeats some of the Eng- lish bands at Poutvalin, 527. His captures of towns from the English, 529. Takes the towns of Niost and Lusignan from the Eng- lish, 533. Invades Brittany, 533. Takes several towns there, and puts the citizens of Hennebon to the sword, 534. Besieges Brest, and the castle of Derval, 534. Com- missioned by the King to make war against the King of Navarre, 545. Attacks the Nor- man towns, 545. His brother killed before Cherbourg, 546. Charged with the office of aweing or inducing Rennes to submit to France, 547. Resistance of the Bretons, who take back their duke, 547. Du Gues- clin's reply to his king, 547. Sent to cap- ture castles in the south, 550. His death and funeral, 550
Guesclin, Du, brother of Bertrand, killed before Cherbourg, i. 546
Guienne, or Guyenne, designs of Philip the Fair on the duchy of, i. 302. Encroachment of the Parliament of Paris upon its judicial independence, 305. Philip's mode of trick- ing Edward I. out of the duchy, 307, 308. Arbitration of Pope Boniface VIII. as to the duchy of, 315. Restored to Edward I., 328. Occupied by French troops, 380. Restored to England, but some fortresses retained, 381. The English attacked by Philip VI., 392. Designs of Philip of Valois against, 399. Edward III.'s order to the authorities in, 417. An army sent to defend it against the French, 420. Frais des hommages paid to Edward III. and to his son, the Black Prince, 498, note. The duchy given by Louis XI. to his brother Charles, ii. 295, 296. Atrocities committed upon the Huguenots of, iii. 47. Montluc sent by Catherine de Medicis to, 48. Montluc succeeds in restor- ing order, 65. Given up to the Huguenots, 188. The war of the League carried into, 207. The government given to 'le grand Condé,' 609. Theatened extinction of the population from hunger, iv. 247 Guienne, Duke of. See Charles VII. uignes, battle of, v. 221
Guilford, Countess of, dismissed by Louis XII., ii. 443
Guilleminot, General, aide-de-camp, suspicions regarding him, but defended by d'Angoulême, v. 327. Sent ambassador to Constantinople, 330
Guinard, M., prosecuted by Périer, v. 444. Recovers his liberty, 493 Guinegate, battle of, ii. 339 Guines, secured by the Burgundians, ii. 275. Captured by the French, 630 Guise, taken by the Imperialists, ii. 540 Guise, Duke of, summoned by the Regent Louise to Lyons, ii. 486. Disperses the German Reformers in Lorraine, 516
Guise, Duke of (son of Duke Henry), escapes from prison, iii. 279. Request of the Union to marry him to the Infanta, 281. His poverty, 283. Supplied with money by the Prince of Parma, 283. His name put for- ward as a claimant for the crown, 298, 299. Obtains an army from the Spaniards, 309. Kills the Count of St. Pol, and submits to Henry IV., 310. Receives the government of Provence, 313. Marseilles, 320.
Obtains the adhesion of His subsequent nullity, 360. Won over to the court by Marie de Medicis, 413. Lays siege to the grandees in Soissons, 413. Denounced by Richelieu, 502. Condemned to death as contumace, 504 Guise, Duke of (brother of the last), joins a league formed against Richelieu, iii. 533. Goes to Naples to serve French interests, 574 Guise, Dukes of. See Claude, Francis, Henry,
Guise, Cardinal of, establishes himself at Troyes, iii. 221. Murdered, 231
Guise, Chevalier de, kills the Baron de Luz and his son, iii. 390
Guises, the, obtain power under Francis I., ii. 550. Opposed by the Duchess d'Etampes, 550. Their influence at court, 641. Esta- blish the Inquisition in full force, 641. Urged to action by the enemies of the Pro- testants, 645. Paramount under Francis II., iii. 7. Their endeavours to extirpate tolerance from town and country, 16. Hos- tility of all France to them, 23. Their plans counteracted and their power overthrown, 29. Withdraw to Lorraine to recover their lost authority by force, 46. Their combination with the Bourbons, 91. Recalled by Cathe- rine de Medicis to court, 120. Doctrines of the lawyer David as to them, 178. Their negotiations with Catherine de Medicis, 204. Review of the acts of the family, 233. Henry IV.'s generosity to them, 311
Guiton, mayor of La Rochelle, his defence of the town, iii. 477, 479
Guitry announces to Henry IV. the adhesion of the Isle of France, iii. 251
Guizot, M., his two classes of despots, i. 304. | His constitutionalist proceedings, v. 257, 259. Describes the Chamber of Deputies, 283.
Expelled from the council of state, 303. His speech on the proceedings of the Royalists, 304. His treatment by the Roy- alists, 311. Describes the new law of sacri- lege, 344. His opinion of Villèle's policy, 350. His complaint against Villèle, 370. His observations on Prince Polignac, 383. Proposes a municipal government, 403. Be- comes minister of the interior, 421. Resigns, 424. Charges Laffitte with incapacity, 437. Abets an hereditary peerage, 451. Becomes minister of public instruction, 473. agrees with the cabinet, and resigns, 487. But resumes, 487. Comparison of his do- mestic policy with that of M. Thiers, 499. Becomes again minister of public instruction, 504. Having resigned, on his re-appoint- ment fails in forming a new cabinet, 510. Attacks Molé's government, 512, 513. His discussion with Lord Palmerston on the protective policy of France, 520. Appointed ambassador to London, 523, 533. Discusses with Lord Palmerston the Eastern question, 533. Forms a new cabinet in which he is minister for foreign affairs, 540. Proposes a speech adverse to M. Thiers, 540. Has an angry recrimination with M. Thiers, 540, His policy induces strikes in Paris, 545. Signs the treaty of the Dardanelles, 546. His foreign policy, 551. His home policy called in question by Lamartine, 552.
Guy de Dampierre, Count of Flanders, proposal of Edward I. to marry his daughter, i. 310. Joins Edward and the Germans in war against France, 311. Induced to go to Paris, where he is treacherously thrown inte prison, 316. Released to negotiate terms between the French and Flemings, 333 Returns to his prison, and dies, 333
Guy of Flanders, captured at Cadsand, and sent to England, i. 400
Guy of Juliers, chosen to lead the Flemings against the French, i. 325. At the battle of Courtray, 326
Guy de Lusignan, married to Sybille, daughter of Baldwin V. of Jerusalem, i. 155. Falis into the hands of Saladin, 155. Liberated by Saladin, 159
Guy of Namur, son of Guy de Dampierre, takes Courtray from the French, i. 326. At the battle of Courtray, 326. Opposes a Genoese fleet under Rainier de Grimaldi, but defeated and taken prisoner, 333
Guy de Rochefort, his friendship secured by King Louis the Fat, i. 115. Helps to reduce the fortress of Montlheri, 115
Guy Robert de Dampierre. See Robert III, Count of Flanders.
Guyon, La Roche, taken by Henry V. of Eng- land, ii. 129
Guyon, Madame, her system of quietism, iv. 68. Sent to the Bastille, 69
[ABEAS CORPUS, traces of the law of, in
Succeeds in his efforts for suppressing the Arance, i. 263. The French, iii. 585
slave trade, 555. Surprised at the turn of affairs in Otaheite, 556. His conduct in that matter, 557. His intrigues about the Spanish marriages, 564, et seq. Considers Spain an appanage of France, 566. His terror as to the Coburg alliance put an end to by Lord Aberdeen, 568. Still carries on his intrigues as to the marriages, 568. His religious and educational policy, 570, et seq. His moral character unimpeachable, 576. His address to electors at Lisieux, 579. Re- fuses to ameliorate his measures, 581. His statement in his memoirs respecting reform, 581. Impeached by Barrot and his friends, 585. Resigns, 588
Gusman, tried and executed, iv. 642-644 Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, his struggle with Poland and Austria, iii. 489. Subsidised by France, 489. Abandoned by the treaty of Ratisbon, 496. Defeats Tilly at Leipzig, 504. And again on the Danube, 505. His death at Lutzen, 510 Gustavus IV., King of Sweden, dethroned, v.
Guy of Auvergne, the Templar, i. 340, 351. His trial and death at the stake, 351, 352
Hagano, favourite of Charles the Simple, i. 53 Hagenau, fortress of, abandoned by the French, iii. 694
Hagenbach, appointed landvogt by the Duke f Burgundy, ii. 309. His tyranny, 309. Taken by the Alsatians and executed, 310 Hague, treaty of the, iii. 461 Hainault, the county of, passes into the famly of D'Avesnes, i. 231, 246. Reaction agains the French in, 327. Invaded by the Duke of Gloucester, ii. 151. Refuses to receirs French garrisons in the towns, 337 Hainault, Count of, compelled to do homage t Philip the Fair, i. 309. Joins Edward III of England, 400. With whom he marche into France, 403. But goes over to Phirp 403. Who ravages his county, 408. daughter married to John the Dauphin, i 118. Refuses to join the Duke of Burgundy against the Armagnacs, 118. Goes to Pars
Hakim, Khaliff of Egypt, his slaughter of the Christians and destruction of the Holy Se pulchre, i. 85, 100
Halbertstadt given to Brandenburg, iii. 576
Halifax, George, Marquis of, sent on a mission | to Louis XIV. in Holland, iii. 682 Ham, given to the Duke of Burgundy by Louis XI., ii. 316. Surrenders to Louis XI., 329. The town taken by the Imperialists, 626. Won by the troops of Henry IV., iii. 316. Louis Napoleon imprisoned in the fortress of, v. 537
Hamilton, Marquis of, joins Gustavus Adol- phus, and defeats Tilly, iii. 505 Hanau, battle of, v. 214
Hanover elected into an electorate, iv. 64, 81. Menaced by Peter the Great, 148. Treaty of, 193. Becomes neutral, 217. English troops sent, under the Duke of Cum- berland, for the defence of Hanover, 266. Endeavours of George II. to obtain neutrality for it, 266, 270. Överrun by the French, 270, 271. Occupied by the French, 280 Harcourt, Count of, killed at Crecy, i. 428. Seized by King John at the castle of Rouen, 457. Carried off, and imprisoned in Paris, 459. His family go to England, 459 Harcourt, Count, afterwards Marshal, slain at the battle of Verneuil, ii. 150 Harcourt, Count, seizes Duke Charles, and escorts him into Rouen, ii. 276. His suc- cesses in Piedmont in 1640, iii. 516, 517. His successes against the Spaniards in Cata- lonia, 570. Fails to take Cambray, 598. Placed in command in Normandy, 601. Com- pels Condé to raise the siege of Cognac, 616. His mode of dealing with Mazarin, 636. Forces concessions from the court, 636. His adroitness at the court of Madrid, iv. 72. His protest, 75
Harcourt, Geoffrey of, accompanies Edward III. of England to France, i. 423. Urges Ed- ward to land in Normandy, 423
Harcourt, Godfrey, his ravages in Normandy,
i. 467. Killed by the parliamentary army, 467. His heir restored to his possessions, 490
Harcourt, M. d', ambassador at Rome, v. 639 Hardenburg, counsels with France, v. 127 Hardy, Admiral, commands the Channel fleet, iv. 358. Withdraws into port, 358 Harfleur, besieged by Henry V. of England, ii. 111. Surrenders, 111. Garrisoned by the English under the Duke of Exeter, 111. The English garrison attacked by Count Armag- nac, who is defeated, 119. The town block- aded by the count, 120. But relieved by the King of England, 120. Recovered from the English, 194
Harlette of Falaise, mother of William the Conqueror, i. 90
Harley, Achille de, chief judge, his warning to the Duke of Guise, iii. 220, 226. Takes an oath in church, 236. Taken from court by the governor of the Bastille, 236
Harley, Earl of Oxford, his South Sea scheme, iv. 165
Haro, Don Luis de, Spanish minister, his alarm at the proposed marriage of Louis XIV., iii. 639. Meets Mazarin in the Isle of Phea- sants, 642. His baseness, 659 Hasbain, battle of, ii. 61
Hase, defeat of the Saxons by Charlemagne on the, i. 27
Hastenbeck, battle of, iv. 270
Hatto, Archbishop of Mayence, renders the crown of the empire elective, i. 69 Haute Cour, established by the Legislative Assembly, iv. 478
Hautefort, Mademoiselle, Louis XIII.'s plato- nic affection for, iii. 529, 531. Banished from court, 531. Recalled to court by the Queen-regent, 555. Exiled, 561 Haute-Garonne, provincial assembly of, iv. 363 Hautpoul, M., war minister, v. 646° Havannah, the, taken by the English, iv. 285, 287. Exchanged by them for Flanders, 288 Havre declares for the Huguenots, iii. 57. Occu- pied by the English under the Earl of War- wick, 68, 70. Recaptured by the French, 80, 81. Aim of the Prince of Condé to get possession of, 600
Hawke, Admiral, his defeat of the French off Cape Finisterre, iv. 240. His destruction of the French fleet under Conflans, 277 Haxo, General, defeated and taken prisoner at Königstein, v. 210
Haye-Sainte, La, attack on, v. 253 Hébert, Red-Republican, enraged at the digni- fied deportment of the King, procures the at- tendance of constitutional priests at his execu- tion, iv. 555. Arrested, 580. Released, 582. Driven to his wits' end by the famine, advises the communes to besiege the Convention, 612. His crusade against the clergy, 634. De- nounces General Duquesnoy, 635. His mea- sures disapproved of by Robespierre, 635. Assumes the character of Père Duchêne, 640. Insists on execution of the seventy-three deputies, 640. Arrested, 640. Executed, 640, 641.
Execution of his wife, 648 Hébert, M., the new procureur-general, v. 550 Hedwige, sister of the Emperor Otho, married to Hugh the Great, Duke of France, i. 56, 61. Her influence over her children, 61 Heidelberg, ravages of Louis XIV. at, iv. 36 Heilsberg, battle of, v. 136
Helder, landing of British troops at, v. 65 Hellenes, sympathy manifested to the, by Can- ning, v. 349
Hemispoe, the Breton prince, created Duke of Le Mans by Charles the Bald, i, 46 Hennebout, the Countess of Montfort besieged by Charles of Blois in, i. 413, 414. Obsti- nacy of the siege, 414. Death of John of Montfort at, 422. Taken by Bertrand du
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