CHA
of York, 212. Compels the nobles to sub-
mit, 213. Concludes peace with England, 214.
Adopts the decrees of the Council of Basle,
and promulgates the Pragmatic Sanction, 217.
His liberal views of ecclesiastical govern-
ment, 218. His preparations for a struggle
with the Duke of Burgundy, 219. Applied
to by the Emperor and House of Austria to
march against the Swiss, 219. Sends his son
to aid Austria, and marches himself into
Lorraine, 219, 220. Sends his new favour-
ite, De Brezé, to reduce Metz, 221. Con-

cludes peace with the Germans, 221. Amends
the treaty of Arras, and preserves peace with
Burgundy, 222. His military and financial
reforms, 222-224. Extent of his authority,
power, and resources, 221. Resumption of
the war with the English, 225. Dunois placed
in command of the forces, 225. The English
expelled from all Normandy north of the
Seine, 226. Charles's solemn entry into
Rouen, 226. Lays siege to Caen, 226. And
collects an army to oppose the English re-
inforcements, 227. Defeat of the English at
Formigny, 228. Conquest of the remainder
of Normandy and the whole of Gascony, 228-
230. Charles's treatment of the Gascons, 229,
230. His companions and mistresses, 232.
His jealousy of men of eminence, 233. His
treatment of the Dauphin and of Jacques
Cœur, 235-237. His contempt of law and
justice, 237. His antagonism with the power
of the Duke of Burgundy, 237. Of whom he
entertains jealousy and mortification, 241.
Resolves to attack all the friends and asso-
ciates of the Duke of Normandy, 242. His
distrust of his son, 243. Who flies to Bur-
gundy, 243, 244. Charles's illness, 214. De-
serted by his ministers, 244, 245. His death,
245. His character, 245. His administration
and its results, 246-249.

Charles VIII., King of France, affianced by the
treaty of Picquigny to the daughter of Ed-
ward IV. of England, ii. 314. The hand of
the heiress of Burgundy claimed for him,
328. Betrothed to Margaret, daughter of
Maximilian I., 341. Dowry brought to him,
341. Death of his father, and his accession,
345. Care and guardianship of him entrusted
to his sister Anne of Beaujeu, 351. His coro-
nation, 362. Carried off by his sister, Anne
of Beaujeu, to Montargis, 363. Marches at
the head of his army against the league for
restoring the authority of the Three Estates,
366. Reduces the citadels of Bordeaux and
Bayonne, 366. Determination of the Lady
Anne to reduce Brittany by force of arms,
367. Charles recommends mild treatment
for the defeated Bretons, 368. Liberates the
Duke of Orleans from prison, 372. Charles's
ambition, and love of adventure, 372, 377.
VOL. V.

CHA

Marries Anne of Brittany, 374. Coalition
formed against him, 374. Landing of Henry
VII. at Calais, 375. Conclusion of the peace
of Etaples, 375. Cedes Roussillon and Cer-
dagne to Ferdinand V. of Spain, 376. His
designs upon Italy, 377. Abetted by De Vesc
and Briconnet, 380. Concludes a treaty with
Ludovic Sforza at Milan, 380. Crosses the
Alps, 381. Falls ill, 382. Has an interview
with Galeaz Visconti, 382. Lays siege to
Sarzana, 383. And takes Fivizzano, 383. All
the Florentine strongholds surrendered to
him by Pietro di Medici, 383. His reception
in Florence, 383, 384. His entry into Rome,
385. And into Naples, 385. Formation of
a league of the Italians against the French,
387. His retreat from Naples, 387. De-
feats the Venetians under the Marquis of
Mantua, at Tornova, 389. Concludes the
treaty of Vercelli, and evacuates Italy, 391.
His subsequent life, 392. And death, 393.
Guicciardini's picture of him, 393, 394.
Charles IX., King of France, his accession,
iii. 33. Queen Elizabeth's advice to him,

Ꮓ

Ꮓ

34.

His personal appearance, 34. Opens
the Estates, 34, 43. His coronation, 41.
Orders Guise not to approach the capital,
which order is disobeyed, 54. Seized by
the triumvirate at Fontainebleau, and re-
moved to the Louvre, 56. Forced to ac-
company the army operating against the
Huguenots, 67. Declared to be of age,
84. Proceeds with the court to Cham-
pagne, 85. Endeavours of the Huguenots
to seize his person, 94.
Goes to the siege
of St. Jean d'Angely, 107. Orders the
Bastard of Angoulême to slay Guise, 110.
Concludes a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, 111.
Marries Isabeau, daughter of Maximilian
II., 111, 115. His jealousy of his brother
Anjou, 112. Whom he wishes married to
Queen Elizabeth, 113. His edict regarding
the Huguenots, 115. With whom he plots
against Spain, 116. His reception of Coligny
at court, 117. Grants the Huguenots their
demands in their general articles, 117. Pushes
on the preparations for the invasion of
Flanders, 118-120. Orders the demolition
of the Cross of Gastines, 120. His religion,
122. His ferocity, 123. His personal ap-
pearance, 123. Endeavours of Rome to bring
him back to the league, 127. His dissimula-
tion, 128. His contemplation of the de-
struction of the Huguenot chiefs, 128. Com-
mencement of the war against Flanders, 129.
Charles's irresolution, 130. His displeasure
at the tone of Coligny's demands, 131. Dis-
suaded from the war by his mother, 131, 132.
Abandons the policy of Coligny. 132. Visits
the wounded Admiral, 135, 136. Gives the
order for the massacre of the Huguenots,

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The

139. His fondness for flogging his friends
and courtiers, 142. Witnesses the massacre
from the windows of the palace, 143. Said
to have shot several persons himself, 143.
His frenzy of excitement, 144. His delight
in contemplating the bodies floating down
the Seine, 145. Acknowledges the exclusive
responsibility of the massacre, 146.
only Huguenots whose lives he spared, 151.
Hastens his brother Anjou's departure for
Poland, 155. His feeble health, 155, 157–
159. Groans and sufferings of his last days,
159. His death, 160. His children, 160
Charles X., King of France (see also Artois,
Count d'), when Count d'Artois, his zeal and
bigotry for the Church induce remonstrance of
the Allied Powers, v. 282. His measures re-
probated by Allied Powers, 291. Becomes the
real ruler of the state, 337. Is recommended
by the dying king to observe the Charter,
338. Saluted king on death of his brother,
338. His title Charles X., 338. His cha-
racter and principles, 338. Ascends the
throne amidst the acclamations of his people,
310. Resolves to maintain the Charter, 341.
His dissimulation discovered by the Parisians,
341. Declines to interfere in the matter of
Philippe the Actor, 341. His commencing
unpopularity, 341. Restores Duke of Orleans
to his titles and estates, 312. His coronation,
346. His absolute measures, 346, et seq.
Gags the journals, 348, 355. Persecutes
members of the Academy, 357. His un-
popularity to himself unaccountable, 360.
Gratified by generous conduct of citizen
soldiers, 360. His reception by the National
Guards, 361. Dissolves the National Guards,
362. Prosecutes Lafayette, 363. Visits
camp of St. Omer, 363. By Count de
Chabrol forms a new semi-liberal administra-
tion, 366. Proposes to dissolve the new
chambers, 369. His secret adviser Franchet,
372. Annoyed at Martignac's blandness,
372, 373. Remembers Villèle to the pre-
judice of Martignac, 374. Endeavours to
bring Prince Polignac into Martignac's ca-
binet, 375. Withdraws both the municipal
and departmental laws, 378. Remarkable
conversation with De Caux on the allegiance
of the army, 379. Dismisses Martignac and
forms a new cabinet, 379,380. How he
constituted the Polignac cabinet, 383. Opens
the chambers in 1830, 383. Proposes ex-
pedition to Algiers, 383. Refuses to change
either his politics or his ministers, 38.5. Dis-
solves the chambers, 387. His policy with
regard to the Church, 388; attends Te Deum
at Notre Dame, 390. Signs the ordonnances,
391. Orders Marmont to take military pre-
cautions, 393. Seizure of newspapers, 394.
The revolution commences, 394. Paris de-

CHA

clared in a state of siege, 396. Refuses
yield to pacific measures, 398. The reve
lution successful, 404. Attempts to rescin
the ordonnances, 405. His vacillatory ce
duct, 406, et seq. Marmont's advice to a'd'-
cate in favour of his son, 414. Leaves is
kingdom, and embarks at Cherbourg for
England, 415, et seq. His ministers -
nestied, 504, 505. His death in Styria, 5o 1
Charles II., the Bad, King of Navarre, i. 451.
Causes Charles of Spain to be murdered, 4..
Resentment of King John in consequence
453. Charles's alliance with the Dike :
Lancaster at Avignon, 453. His deserta
of his ally, 453, 454. Surprised by Jolat
a banquet at Rouen, and beheaded, 457-4
Resolution of the triumvirate, of Mars),
Lecoq, and Picquigny, to place him on t
French throne, 471. Liberated by Plequity
from prison, 471. Enrolled as a citizen
Amiens, 471. Enters Paris in triumph, 471.
His address to the people, 472. Goes
Rouen, and takes down the remains of his
friends from the gibbet there, 472. Com
mences hostilities with the regent, Charbs,
472. Returns to Paris, and is reconcile?
the regent, 475. Defeats the Jacquerie, 477
Treats with the regent, 480, 481. Ren
tion in Paris in favour of the regent, 48,
Removes from St. Denis, and becomes mast?
of the Seine, 485. Makes overtures to e
ward III. of England, 485. Reconciled:
the regent, 486. His claims to the duk-
dom of Navarre, 500. Prepares for we
with France, 501. Engages the services
Captal de Buch and John Jovel, 505. Ws
are defeated at Cocherel, 505, 506. Comes
to an arrangement with the King of Fratel
506. Enters into an alliance with the B
Prince against Henry II. of Castile, 512
Opens the pass of Roncesvaux to the Prin
512. Captured with his own connivaz
by the French, 512. Quits the declin
cause of the English on the Continent.
His negotiations with France and En
542, 543. Determination of Charles V.
France to crush him, 543. His two ag
seized and put to death by the King
France, 544. Surrounded by enemies,
Succoured by the English, 545. His capi
Pampeluna, relieved by Sir Thomas Tr r
546. Conclusion of peace between t
Navarrese and Castillians, 546.
Charles I.. King of England, offers his h
to Henrietta Maria of France, iii. 442. X
gotiations for the marriage, 447, 451. E
accession, 456. Sends the Duke of Back
ham for his bride, 457. His estrange
from the French court, 460. Concludes
treaty with Holland, and subsidises I
mark, 461. Guarantees the French Ke

CHA

promises to the Huguenots, 462. Quarrel
with France about the Queen's French fol-
lowers, 472. Sends fleets to the Rochellois,
474. 478. Which they fail to accomplish,
478

Charles II., King of England, sells Dunkirk to
France, iii. 649. Secretly makes peace with
France, 662. His treachery to the Dutch,
672. Signs a secret treaty with France, 673,
674. His mistress, Mademoiselle de Que-
rouailles, 674. Deserts France, 686. Con-
cludes a treaty with Holland, 699. But
relapses to France, 700
Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, recovers the
Lower Palatinate, iii. 576
Charles II., Elector Palatine, a portion of his
dominions claimed by Louis XIV., iv. 28
Charles of Spain, made constable of France by
the murder of the Count d'Eu, i. 447. Mur-
dered by Charles II., King of Navarre, 452
Charles I. of Spain. See Charles V., Emperor
of Germany.

harles II., King of Spain, joins a league
against France, iv. 25. His sinking health,
57. Makes peace with France, 59. Gives
by testament the succession to a French
prince, 77, 78. His death, 80

harles III., King of Spain (see also Carlos,
Don), quits the throne of Naples for that of
Spain, iv. 282. Implored to come to the aid of
France, 282. His offer to England rejected,
283. Signs the Family Compact, 283. War
between England and Spain, 285. Seizes
the Falkland Islands, and takes a small
British force, 323. Joins the French and
Americans against England, 357

harles XI., King of Sweden, joins a league
against France, iv. 25

Charles XII., King of Sweden, endeavours of
France to drag him into war, iv. 98. Joins
a league against England, 151
Charles I. of Naples. See Charles of Anjou.
harles II. of Naples. See Charles, Prince of
Salerno

harles Albert, King of Sardinia, his wavering
policy at Turin, v. 309. Inaugurates politi-
cal changes at Turin, 573

harles Emmanuel III., King of Sardinia,
obtains the throne on the abdication of
his father, iv. 202. Whom he imprisons,
203. Offers Savoy to France in exchange
for the Milanese, 202. Joins France and
Spain against the Emperor, and appointed
generalissimo of the allies, 203. Takes
Pavia and Milan, 203. Joined by the French
under Villars, 203. Opens communications
with the Emperor, 205. Acquires Novara
and Tortona, 206. Detached by Austria
from his alliance with France and Spain,

228.

228.

Offered the Milanese and Piacenza,
His liberation of Italy, 235. Pied-

CHA

mont threatened by the French, 235. His
disappointment at the peace of Aix-la-
Chapelle, 245, 246

Charles Martel, son of Pepin of Heristal, his
early life, i. 14. His defeat of the Neus-
trians at Vincy, 14, 15. Extends the
northern system of land-tenure and military
service to the south, 15. Defeats the Sara-
cens at the battle of Poictiers, 16. Brings
Aquitaine and the south of France under
Frank domination, 16. Gains his name of
Martel, 17. His conquests over the Frisons
and Slavon, 17. Consolidates his empire by
the aid of religion, 17. Offered the Western
Empire by Pope Gregory, 18, 19. His
death, 18, 19

Charles Martel of Naples, King of Hungary,
his daughter Clemence married to Louis X.
of France, i. 364

Charles of Anjou, third son of Louis VIII.,
has the counties of Maine and Anjou for his
apanage, i. 200. Assumes the Cross, 228.
Marries Beatrice of Provence, 230. Routed
by the Saracens in Egypt, 236. His return to
Provence, 243. Disquiet of his government,
243. Enforces his authority at Marseilles,
243, 244. His character, 246. His greed
of acquisition and glory, 246. His endea-
vours to obtain Hainault, 246. Extends his
acquisitions into Italy, and becomes the first
French prince who extended his arms and
ambition into that country, 247. Favours
Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, 252.
Accepts the offer of Pope Urban IV. of the
kingdom of Naples, 255. Raises an army,
and marches south, 256. Defeats Manfred,
who is killed at the battle of Grandella, 256.
Becomes king of Sicily and Naples, 256.
Joins St. Louis in a crusade, 271. His cha-
racter, 276. Takes command of the Cru-
saders at Tunis after his father's death, 277.
Concludes peace with the Tunisians, 277.
His vast designs and ambition, 278. His
tyranny in Sicily, 282. Finds an enemy in
Pope Gregory X., 284. And in Pope
Nicholas III., 281. His rival, Peter III.
of Aragon, 285. Charles's policy in Sicily
and Naples, 285. Succeeds in procuring the
election of a French pope, 286. Assumes
the title of King of Jerusalem, 286. Mas-
sacre of the French at the Sicilian Vespers,
287. Sends to his nephew, Philip the Hardy,
288. Assembles an army to march against
Peter of Aragon, 288. Besieges Messina
without result, 288. And retreats across
the straits, 289. A double papal crusade
preached against his enemy, Peter, 289.
The proposed duel between Charles and
Peter, 289, 290. Defeat of his navy near
Malta by Peter's admiral, Cornut. 292. His
son Charles, Prince of Salerno, defeated and

266.

Marches towards Paris, 269. Goes to
meet the Bretons, 270. His courage at the
battle of Montlhery, 271. Retirement of the
King from the field, 271. Advance of the
League to Paris, 273. Meets the King of
France and concludes the treaty of Conflans,
274. Obtains the towns of the Somme and
Picardy for himself and his heir, 275. His
other acquisitions, 275. Represses the hos-
tilities of the people of Liège, 276, 281. And
destroys the town of Dinant, 282. Death of
his father, Duke Philip, 283. Charles's un-
amiable character, 283. His danger from

the mob in Ghent, 284. Marries Margaret
of York, sister of Edward VI., 285, 287.
Defeats the people of Liège and compels the
town to surrender, 286. His punishment of
the citizens, 287. Summons the states to
meet at Brussels and demands extraordinary
'finance,' 287, 288. Loses his ally in Brit-
tany through delay, 289. Marches to Pe-
ronne, 290. Gives a safe-conduct to the
King of France, 290. Who meets him at
Peronne, 290. Takes the King prisoner and
confines him in the castle of Peronne, 291.
His irresolution as to the disposal of his pri-
soner, 221. His final proposals, which are
accepted by Louis, 292. Marches with the
King to Liège and destroys the city, 293.
His intrigues in English affairs, 296. Pro-
posal to marry his daughter, Mary, to Charles,
Duke of Guyenne, 297. His towns on the
Somme seized by Louis XI., 298. Supplies
Edward VI. of England with the means of
regaining his throne, 298. Besieges the
royalists in Amiens. Takes Picquigny, 228.
Defeated at Macon, 299. Concludes a truce
for a year, 299. Rupture of the treaty, 300.
Takes Nesle and slays the franc archers, 301.
Marches into Normandy 301. Fails to take
Beauvais, 301. Burns 1,700 villages, 302.
Concludes a truce with France, 302. His
position compared with that of the King, 303.
Aims at acquiring territories on the Rhine,
303, 304.

304.

His negotiations for this purpose,
Meets the Emperor Frederick IV. at
Treves, 305. Which the Emperor abruptly
leaves, 306. Charles arrests René II., Duke
of Lorraine, 305. Terms of his treaty to
give up the duke, 305. Establishes a stand-
ding army, 307, 308. His ignorance of the
nature and rights of his subjects, 308. Ap-
points Hagenbach landvogt, 309. His jour-
ney to his Rhine provinces, 309. The inha-
bitants of which he treats as slaves, 309.
His governor, Hagenbach, seized and put to
death by the angry people, ii. 310. The
Austrians and Swiss excited against him by
Louis XI., 310. Charles incites Edward IV.
of England to invade France, 310. Makes
a campaign into Alsace, 311. Becomes pro-

tector of the see of Cologne and of the elec-
torate of the Palatine, 311. His siege of
Neutz, 311, 312. Driven out of Alsace, 312.
Gives battle to the Emperor Frederick IV.
without result, 312, 313. Raises the siege
of Neutz, 313. Goes to Calais to meet Ed-
ward IV., 313. Throws away all the advan-
tages within his reach, 314, 315. Edward's
peace with the French King, 314. Gives up
the fugitive Constable St. Pol to Louis XI,
316. His vengeance against the Duke of
Lorraine, 316, 317. His monstrous inhu-
manity, 317. His ambitious views, 318.
Constitution of his army, 318. Crosses the

Jura to Orbe, 318, 319. Takes the castle of
Granson and hangs the garrison, 319. De-
feated by the Swiss at the battle of Granson,
320. His magnificence and wealth, 321.
Loses 113 cannon at Granson, 321. Marches
again against the Swiss and besieges them in
Morat, 321. Where he is utterly defeated
by the Swiss, 321, 322. His retirement and
despondency at La Rivière, 322. Seizes the
Duchess of Savoy and her sons, 323. Be-
sieges Nancy, 323. Where he is defeated by
the Swiss and killed on the field, 324, 325.
His character, 326

Charles II., Duke of Lorraine, carried off by
Henry II. of France, ii. 609. Visited at
Cambray by his mother, 631. Presses the
siege of Jametz, iii. 220. His claim to the
throne of France, 261

Charles III., Duke of Lorraine, comes to Paris
with an army to the aid of the Prince of
Condé, iii. 621. Quits the kingdom without
fighting, 621.
Makes another march upon
Paris and joins Condé, 628. Quits Paris
with Condé, 629. Conditions of his restora-
tion to his duchy, 643. Which he cedes after
his death to Louis XIV., 649. Denounces
French ambition, 675. His dominions in-
vaded in consequence, 676. Joins the ene-
mies of France, 690. Takes the noblesse of
Anjou prisoners, 691

Charles, Duke of Orleans, nephew of Charles
VI., marries the daughter of the Count of
Armagnac, ii. 80. Defeat of his party by
the Duke of Burgundy, 85. His treasonable
appeal to the King of England, 86. Con-
cludes peace with the Duke of Burgundy at
Auxerre, 88. Gives his brother, the Duke
d'Angoulême, in pledge to his English allies,
88. His quarrels with the lower orders of
the Parisians, 89. Retires to Blois, 89. Re-
conciled to the court, 99. Taken prisoner at
Agincourt, 114. His liberation from capti-
vity, 208. Marries Anne of Cleves, 208.
And enters into close alliance and friendship
with the Duke of Burgundy, 208. Joins the
Praguerie, 209. Accepts a pension from the
King, 213. Stays away from court, 233