BED

people, v. 591. Obliged to abandon his guns,
592. Arrested, 661

Bedford, John, Duke of. See John, Duke of
Bedford

Beetroot, cultivation of, in France, for sugar, v.
544

Befort, military conspiracy at, v. 315
Begga, mother of Pepin of Heristal, i. 13
Beggars, treatment of, in France, iv. 336
Beguinas, decrees issued against the, i. 374
Behuchet, Admiral, defeated at L'Ecluse, i. 409
Belgians, Queen of the, her dowry, v. 509
Belgium, the Normans in, i. 49. Opposition of
the people to the proposed reforms of Joseph
II., iv. 374. Invaded by Lafayette and other
French generals, 484. Proposed conquest
of, 544, 546. Conquered by Dumouriez, 561.
Conduct of the French commissaries in, 562.
Renewed campaign, 661. Once more in
French possession, 662. Insurrection in, v.
425, et seq. Duke of Nemours elected king
of, 434. M. Surlet de Chokier, regent of,
446. Leopold of Saxe Gotha accepts crown,
447. War declared against, 476. War with
Holland, 448. See Assembly; Convention;
Directory; Napoleon I.; Louis Philippe
Belin, governor of Paris, replaced by Cossé-
Brissac, iii. 307

Bellay, Cardinal du, brings the question of
Henry VIII.'s divorce before the University
of Paris, ii. 523. Sent by Francis I. on a
mission to the German Protestants, 535.
Short of forces and funds in Italy, 559
Bellegarde, Duke de, governor of Burgundy,
goes into Flanders with the King's brother,
iii. 502. Condemned to death as contumace,

504
Bellegarde captured by the royalists, iii. 601
Belleisle, Marshal Count de, one of the Mar-
mousets, iv. 207. Advocates war, 214. Sent
on a mission to Frankfort, 214. His pro-
posals to Frederick the Great, 216. Left by
the Prussians and Saxons in Prague, 221.
Which he stealthily evacuates, 222. Sent to
defend Provence, 237

Belleisle, Chevalier de (brother of the Count),
advocates war with Maria Theresa, iv. 214.
Defeated and killed by the Piedmontese,
238

Belleisle, exchanged for Minorca by the English,
iv. 288

Bellesme, castle of, reduced by Blanche of Cas-
tille, i. 209

Bellune, Duke de, war minister, v. 314. Dis-
missed, 330. See Victor, Marshal

Benedict, St., rule of, introduced into France,
i. 7

Benedict XII., Pope, his anxiety to escape from
Avignon, i. 398

Benedict XIII., Pope, besieged by Marshal
Boucicaut in Avignon, ii. 72. Taken prisoner,

BER

but released by the Duke of Orleans, 72
Deposed by the Council of Pisa, but refuse
to resign, 76. Deposed, 107

Benedict XIV., Pope, supported by France, 48
Election of, 332. Recalls the excommunica-
tion against the King of France, 332. Re-
stores the Colonna to their property and
position, 332. His death, 332
Benedictines, rules and organisation of the, i. 7.
Causes of their prosperity and increase, 7
Benefices, question of hereditary right in, i. 48.
The right to confer, upon foreigners, for-
bidden in France, ii. 217. Amount of money
received by Rome for vacant benefices after
the abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction,
358

Beneventum taken by the Normans, i. 86
Benningsen, General, defeated by Napoleon at
Eylau, v. 134. Successfully encounters Na-
poleon at Heilsberg, 136. Defeated at Fried-
land, 137

Béranger, the poet, mocks at the court, v. 343
Bérard, M., proposes alterations in the Charter,
V. 416

Berengaria of Navarre, married to Richard I.
of England, i. 159

Berenger, assumes the regal dignity in Italy,
i. 51

Berenger of Tours, denies Christ's bodily pre-
sence in the Holy Sacrament, i. 99
Beresina, passage of the, v. 192, et seq.
Berg, grand duchy of, given to Prince Louis
Buonaparte, v. 172

Bergamo taken by the French, ii. 429
Bergara, convention of, v. 520
Bergen-op-Zoom, besieged by Marshal Saxe, iv.
239. And carried by storm, 239
Bergerac, peace of, iii. 188
Bergeron, attempts to assassinate Louis Philippe,
v. 475

Berlin ransomed by the Russians, iv. 280
Bernard, uncle of Charlemagne, marches into
Italy, i. 24

Bernard, King of Italy, ordered by his unele,
Louis the Debonnaire, but refuses, to pay
respect and make presents, i. 38. Murdered, 39
Bernard, Duke of Saxe Weimar, defeated st
Nordlingen, iii. 511. Alsace handed over to
him, 511. Defeats the Imperialists at Rhein-
feld, 515. His death, 515
Bernard, St., his unworthy manœuvre, i. 134.
His opposition to Abelard, 135, 136. De
nounces him to the Pope, 136. Challenge
by Abelard to a public disputation, 136.
Preaches a new crusade, 137. His death
140. His persecution of the sects opposed to
the Church of Rome, 140

Bernard, General, minister of war, v. 487, 504.
Resigns, 510

Bernard, Martin, conspirator, discovered, v. 516.
517. Escapes to England, 643

BER

Bernard, Mont St., Buonaparte crosses the, v. 84
Bernadotte, Charles, his imprudent conduct at
Vienna, breaks off peace relations with Aus-
tria, v. 46. Narrowly escapes maltreatment,
46. His views on Egypt, 47. Offered com-
mand of army in Italy, but refuses, 54.
Chosen heir apparent of King of Sweden,
173. Joins the Grand Alliance with his
Swedes, 208. Defeats Oudinot and Ney, 211.
Napoleon marches against, 211. At battles
of Leipzig, 213. Invades France, 216. Pro-
posal to place him on the throne of France,

222

Berne, invasion and seizure of, by Directory,

v. 45

Bernis, Cardinal, becomes minister for foreign
affairs, iv. 269. His administration, 269.
His negligence and defiance, 277
Berquin, Louis, imprisoned for his Protestantism,
ii. 515, 516. Enters the service of Margaret
of Navarre, 517. Executed, 518

Berry, Duke of, brother of Charles V., leads the
forces of Auvergne against the Black Prince,
i. 524. Summoned to his brother's death-
bed, ii. 5. One of the guardians of Charles
VI., 6. Has the government of the south, 9.
Marches to Languedoc, 10. Lays siege to
Lavaur, ii. 11. Defeated by the Count de
Foix, 11. Who is persuaded by the Pope to
desist, 11. The Duke's cruelty to the people,
12. His quarrel with the Count of Flanders,
32.

Meets the Duke of Lancaster at Calais,
to arrange peace, 34. Advises the relinquish-
ment of the expedition to England, 37. Dis-
missed to his provinces by his nephew, the
King, 40. Complaints of his administration
made to the King, 40. Partakes of the Duke
of Burgundy's dislike of the Marmousets, 77.
Elected captain of the chiefs of quarters of
Paris, 79. Causes which alienated him from
the party of Burgundy, 80. Carries on the
government in the name of the Duke of
Guienne, 82. His treasonable appeal to the
King of England, 87. Besieged by the royal
forces at Bourges, 87. Concludes peace at
Auxerre, 88. His palace of the Bicêtre
burned by the Cabochians, 98. His self-
complacent answer to the Parisians. 108.
Advises the Dauphin to send an embassy
to Henry V. of England, 110. His death,
120

Berry, Duke of (third grandson of Louis XIV.),
his death, iv. 128

rry, Duke of, his marriage, v. 280. Assasin-
ated, 300. Anniversary of his death, cele-
brated by the Legitimists, 436. Riots occa-
sioned by, 436

Berry, Duchess of, her reception by the Na-
tional Guards, v. 361. Welcomed in La
Vendée, 374. Her machinations in the Italian
courts, 461. Travels in disguise in France,

BEZ

to head Royalist rising in La Vendée, 464.
Lands in Provence, 465. Fails in her ex-
pedition, 465. Takes refuge in Nantes, 466.
Betrayed by Deutz, 473. Arrested, and con-
fined in the Castle of Blaye, 475. Announces
her marriage with Count Lucchesi Palli, '478.
Her indiscreet marriage nullifies her claims
on France, 478

Berry, Duchy of, invaded by Louis the Fat, i.
116. King John's possessions in, given up
to the son of Philip Augustus, 163. Henry
II. of England extends his sway over, 147.
Ceded by Henry II. to Philip Augustus, 157.
Devastated by the Black Prince, 460. The
duchy granted to the divorced wife of Louis
XII., ii. 396. Given by Francis I. to his
sister Renée, 451. The government given to
the Prince of Condé, iii. 409. Meeting of
the provincial assembly, iv. 363. Its con-
dition as compared with that of other pro-
vinces, 363

Berryer, M., sent to the Duchess of Berry in
La Vendée with means for her escape, v.
465.
Bertha, Queen of King Robert Capet, divorced,
i. 81

Arrested, 472

Bertha of Holland, Queen of Philip I., repu-
diated by the King, i. 98

Berthier de Sauvigny, murder of, iv. 429
Bertin, M., expatriation of, v. 37. Prosecuted,
381, 382

Berton, General, heads conspiracy at La Ro-
chelle, v. 316. Tried, 317. Death of, 326
Bertrade, Countess of Anjou, carried off from
her husband, and married, by Philip I., i. 98.
Her attempts on the life of her stepson, Louis
the Fat, 113

Bertrand, General, offers terms of peace to
Prussia, v. 136

Bertrand de Goth, Archbishop of Bordeaux,
elected Pope, i. 335

Bertrandi, Chancellor, appointed by the Guises,
ii. 642. His condemnation of heretics, 643.
Removed by Catherine de Medicis, iii. 8
Berwick, Duke of. See James Fitzjames
Besançon compelled to submit to Louis XI., ii.
339. The fortress taken by Louis XIV., iii.
666

Bessières, Marshal, defeats General Cuesta, v.
155. His death, 200

Bethure given by treaty to France, i. 335.
Redemanded by the Flemings, 354, 364,
372. Captured by Marlborough and Eugene,
iv. 105. Retaken by Marshal Villars, 114
Betizac, treasurer to the Duke of Berry, burned,
ii. 41

Beuil, De, joins the league against Louis XI.,
ii. 267. Has a command in the regular army,
275

Beyrouth, bombardment of, v. 537
Beza, Theodore, at the Colloquy of Poissy, iii.

Beziers, massacre of the people of, i. 177, 178.
Cruelties of the Duke of Berry in, ii. 12
Beziers, Viscount of, claim of his son to the
viscounty, i. 220

Bianchi, the, expelled from Florence by Charles
of Valois, i. 317

Bible, the, proscribed by the founders of the
Inquisition, i. 213. The Vaudois' translation
of the, ii. 582. Burned by the parliament of
Bordeaux, iii, 338

Bicêtre, palace of the, burned by Sir Robert
Knollis, i. 526. And by the Cabochians, ii.
98. Massacres at the, iv. 528

Bicêtre, peace of, ii. 82. Rupture of the, 83
Bicocca, repulse of the French at the, ii. 473
Biez, Marshal de, condemned and unmarshalled,
ii. 596

Bignon, M., minister of state, v. 421

Bilbao captured by Sir De Lacy Evans, v. 519
Billaud, M., returned member of the Convention,

iv. 535. His sanguinary measures against the
Lyonese, 619. Arrested, 668. Exiled, 671
Billault, M., under-secretary, v. 525. Advo-
cates slave trade, 554

Bineau, M., minister of public works, v. 646
Birague, the Chancellor, his views of a war
against the Huguenots, iii. 183

Biron, Marshal, recognises Henry IV. as king,
iii. 255. Captured but escapes from Arques,
258. Commands the reserve at Ivry, 265,
266. Feels neglected by Henry IV., 280.
His operations against Rouen, 282, 284.
Wounded there, 285. Slain at Epernay,

289

Biron, Baron de, commands the light cavalry
at Ivry, iii. 265. Routs the Leaguers before
Rouen, 287. Sent by Henry IV. into Bur-
gundy, 314. Wounded by the Spaniards,
315. His wilfulness, 316. His part in
Henry IV.'s siege of Amiens, 330. Takes La
Bresse and Bugey from the Duke of Savoy,
349, 350. His treason, 353. Which he con-
fesses, and is pardoned, 353. His conspiracy
against the King, 354. His interview with
the King, 355. Arrested and executed, 356.
Biron, Marshal, disperses the rioters in Paris,
iv. 347

Biron, General, invades Belgium, but unsuccess-
ful, iv. 484. Executed, 601.
Biroteau, welcomed by the Lyonese, iv. 596.
Defeated by the Convention troops, is obliged
to fly from Lyons, 597

Bixio, minister of commerce, but resigns, v.
637

Black Prince. See Edward Prince of Wales.
Blake, Admiral, defeats the Duke of Vendôme,
iii. 638

Blanc, Louis, his history of the times of Louis

BLA

Philippe, v. 468. Claims a share in the Repub-
lican government, 605. His measure for em-
ploying the working classes, 609. Propagates
his Social views, 609. Demands a dictator-
ship and prorogation of the elections, 613.
Objects to measure for expelling the Mode-
rates, 613. Forms a committee to sift the
elections, 617. His Socialist views and aims
gain him the hearts and hands of thousands
of workmen, 619. Hopes for a ministry of
progress, but his hopes blighted, 619. Leader
of the Socialists, who chair and carry him
through the Hall of Assembly, 621, 622.
His conduct investigated, 623. Defends the
Socialist prisoners, 632

Blanchard, Alain, heads an insurrection of the
citizens of Rouen, ii. 122. Executed by
Henry V. of England, 129. Blanchard's
cruelties to his English prisoners, 129
Blanche of Castille urges her husband to attempt
the Conquest of England, i. 192. Her activity
in sending succours to her husband in Eng-
land, 193. Her regency during the minority
of her son, St. Louis, 205. Devotion of Thi-
baud, Count of Champagne, to her, 205.
League of the barons against her, 206.
Comes to terms with the League, 207. Loses
the support of the King's uncle, Philip, 207.
Her mode of dealing with the disaffected
nobles in 1230, 214. Left by her son St.
Louis to govern the kingdom during his
absence in the East, 232. Her complaints of
the conduct of Innocent III., 239. Stops the
Crusade in France against the Emperor Con-
rad IV., 239. Takes possession of Toulouse
on the death of Raymond VII., 243. Her
death, 240

Blanche of Franche Comté, married to the
Count de la Marche, i. 353. Her dissolute
life, 353. Imprisoned, and subsequently takes
the veil, 353

Blanche, wife of Charles IV., divorced, i. 378
Blanche of Bourbon, married to Peter the Cruel
of Castille, i. 509. Said to have been put to
death by him, 509

Blanche Taque, passage of the English, under
Edward III., at, i. 425

Blanqui, M., his conspiracy discovered, v. 516,
517. His ferocity, 615. His intrigues dis-
closed, 615. His plot defeated, 615. Leads
another Socialist insurrection, 621

Blavet, fortifications of, captured by the
Spaniards, iii. 275. Fortified by the Duke of
Vendôme, 399. Formation of a fleet at, for
the subjugation of the Huguenots, 454. Cap-
ture of the fleet by Soubise, 455

Blaye, castle of, taken by the English, i. 308.
Failure of the Duke of Orleans to capture, ii.
52. Besieged and captured by the French,
228. Confinement of Duchess of Berry in,
v. 475